This is semantic.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.3 from
semantic.texi.

This manual documents Semantic, a new intrastructure for parser based
text analysis for Emacs.

   Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Eric M. Ludlam
Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 David Ponce Copyright (C) 2002,
2003 Richard Y. Kim

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being list their titles,
     with the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover
     Texts being list.  A copy of the license is included in the
     section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
   
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Semantic: (semantic).	Infrastructure for parser based text analysis.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents Semantic.  _Infrastructure for parser based text
analysis in Emacs_

   Copyright (C) 2002 Eric M. Ludlam, David Ponce, and Richard Y. Kim


File: semantic.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Overview,  Up: (dir)

Semantic Manual
***************

semantic is a program for Emacs which includes, at its core, a lexer,
and two compiler compilers (bovinator and wisent).  Additional tools
include, support for imenu, speedbar, whichfunc, eldoc, hippie-expand,
and several other build in tools.

The core utility is the parser infrastructure which allows different
types of parsers to be linked into the system.  Two build in parsers
include the "bovine" parser, and the "wisent" parser.

To send bug reports, or participate in discussions about semantic, use
the mailing list cedet-semantic@sourceforge.net via the URL:
<http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/cedet-semantic>

* Menu:

* Overview::
* Installation::
* Semantic manuals::
* Semantic Internals::
* Glossary::
* GNU Free Documentation License::
* Index::


File: semantic.info,  Node: Overview,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

Overview
********

This chapter gives the overview of semantic and its goals.

With Emacs, regular expressions (and syntax tables) are the basis of
identifying components in a programming language source for purposes
such as color highlighting.  This approach has proved is usefulness,
but have limitations.

semantic provides a new intrastructure that goes far beyond text
analysis based on regular expressions.

semantic uses "parsers" to analyze programming language sources.  For
languages that can be described using a context-free grammar, parsers
can be based on the grammar of the language.  Or they can be "external
parsers" implemented using any means.  This allows the use of a regular
expression parser for non-regular languages, or external programs for
speed.

semantic provides extensive tools to help support a new language.  An
original LL parser, and a Bison-like LALR parser are included.  So, for
a regular language, all that the developer needs to do is write a
grammar file along with appropriate semantic rules.

semantic allows an uniform representation of language components, and
provides a common API so that programmers can develop applications that
work for all languages.  The distribution includes good set of tools
and examples for the application writers, that demonstrate the
usefulness of semantic.

The following diagram illustrates the benefits of using semantic:

*Please Note:*
     The words in all-capital are those that semantic itself provides.
     Others are current or future languages or applications that are not
     distributed along with semantic.

                                                                  Applications
                                                                      and
                                                                   Utilities
                                                                     -------
                                                                    /       \
                    +---------------+    +--------+    +--------+
              C --->| C      PARSER |--->|        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    | COMMON |    | COMMON |<--- SPEEDBAR
           Java --->| JAVA   PARSER |--->|        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    | PARSE  |    | PARSE  |<--- SENATOR
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
         Python --->| PYTHON PARSER |--->| TREE   |    | TREE   |<--- DOCUMENT
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    | FORMAT |    | API    |<--- SEMANTICDB
         Scheme --->| SCHEME PARSER |--->|        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |<--- jdee
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
        Texinfo --->| TEXI.  PARSER |--->|        |    |        |<--- ecb
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
     
                         ...                ...           ...         ...
     
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |<--- app. 1
        Lang. A --->| A      Parser |--->|        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |<--- app. 2
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
        Lang. B --->| B      Parser |--->|        |    |        |<--- app. 3
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
     
                          ...        ...     ...          ...       ...
     
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
        Lang. Y --->| Y      Parser |--->|        |    |        |<--- app. ?
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    |        |    |        |<--- app. ?
        Lang. Z --->| Z      Parser |--->|        |    |        |
                    +---------------+    +--------+    +--------+

* Menu:

* Semantic Components::


File: semantic.info,  Node: Semantic Components,  Up: Overview

Semantic Components
===================

This chapter gives an overview of major components of semantic and how
they interact with each other to perform its job.

The first step of parsing is to break up the input file into its
fundamental components.  This step is called lexical analysis.  The
output of the lexical analyzer is a list of tokens that make up the
file.

             syntax table, keywords list, and options
                              |
                              |
                              v
         input file  ---->  Lexer   ----> token stream

The next step is the parsing shown below.

                         parser tables
                              |
                              v
         token stream --->  Parser  ----> parse tree

The end result, the parse tree, is created based on the parser tables,
which are in the internal representation of the language grammar used by
semantic.

The semantic database provides caching of the parse trees by saving them
into files named `semantic.cache' automatically when loading them when
appropriate instead of re-parsing.  The reason for this is to save the
time it takes to parse a file which could take several seconds or more
for large files.

Finally, semantic provides an API for the Emacs Lisp programmer to
access the information in the parse tree.


File: semantic.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Semantic manuals,  Prev: Overview,  Up: Top

Installation
************

To install semantic, untar the distribution into a subdirectory, such as
`/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/semantic-#.#'.  Next, add the following
lines into your individual `.emacs' file, or into
`site-lisp/site-start.el'.

     (setq semantic-load-turn-everything-on t)
     (load-file "/path/to/semantic/semantic-load.el")

If you would like to turn individual tools on or off in your init file,
skip the first line.

Semantic is a part of CEDET.  If you are installing semantic as a part
of CEDET, see the CEDET `INSTALL' file for directions.


File: semantic.info,  Node: Semantic manuals,  Next: Semantic Internals,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top

Semantic manuals
****************

To know how to use applications enabled by semantic, *note the User's
Guide: (semantic-user)top.

If you are an application developer and need to know the functions and
concepts, *note the Application Development Manual:
(semantic-appdev)top.

To support a new language, *note the Language Support Developer's
Guide: (semantic-langdev)top.

To use the grammar writing environment, and write in the rule based
language, *note the Grammar Framework Manual: (grammar-fw)top.

For details on the original semantic LL parser, *note the Bovine Parser
Manual: (bovine)top.

For details on the Bison-like LALR parser, *note the Wisent Parser
Manual: (wisent)top.


File: semantic.info,  Node: Semantic Internals,  Next: Glossary,  Prev: Semantic manuals,  Up: Top

Semantic Internals
******************

This chapter explains the internals of semantic.  This information
would not be needed by neither application developers nor grammar
developers.

It would be useful mostly for the hackers who would like to learn more
about how semantic works.

Semanticdb
==========

Semanticdb complexity is certainly an issue.  It is a rather hairy
problem to try and solve.

This is just an overview really.  The basic organization is this:

`semanticdb.el'
     Defines a "database" and a "table" base class.  You can
     instantiate these classes, and use them, but they are not
     persistent.

     This file also provides support for `semanticdb-minor-mode', which
     automatically associates files with tables in databases so that
     tags are _saved_ while a buffer is not in memory.

     Lastly, it has that "root" stuff in it.  Basically, it is a system
     by which a file can be associated with the root of a project, so if
     you have a tree of directories and source files, it can find the
     root, and allow a tag-search to span all available databases in
     that directory hierarchy.

`semanticdb-file.el'
     Subclass the base class database so that it can be saved to disk.
     Implements all the hooks needed to unbind/rebind tags to a buffer
     while writing them to a file.  Overrides various methods as
     necessary.

`semanticdb-system.el'
     Subclass `semanticdb-file'.  Supports creating a DB in a directory
     you do not have write-access to, and saving the cache in your home
     directory.  Also implements a C/C++ subclass which can be used for
     caching `/usr/include'.  (A rather slow process.)

`semanticdb-el.el'
     Implements a different kind of "system" database that uses Emacs
     internals to perform queries.  Sadly, this shows a problem of
     nomenclature since it is not a `semanticdb-system-database' (which
     saves to a file), but database with no file component that queries
     system tags in a different way.

`semanticdb-find.el'
     Infrastructure for searching groups semantic databases, and dealing
     with the search results format.

New things partly written, or to be written someday.

`semanticdb-postgres.el'
     Any DB would do, MySQL would be fine.  Basically write tags into a
     relational database, and provide searching facilities.  This is
     probably the only way to allow fast look-ups in humongous source
     areas.  Another possibility would be something like what Cscope
     does.

`semanticdb-java.el'
     A system database for Java that uses JDEE BeanShell queries.

`semanticdb-obj.el'
     A system database that uses command line tools to rip symbols out
     of `.so', or `.a', or `.o' files, and translates into tags.

`semanticdb-javascript.el'
     A recent notion that somehow knows all those built-ins JavaScript
     has.


File: semantic.info,  Node: Glossary,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Semantic Internals,  Up: Top

Glossary
********


     BNF
     In semantic 1.4, a BNF file represented "Bovine Normal Form", the
     grammar file used for the 1.4 parser generator.  This was a play on
     Backus-Naur Form which proved too confusing.


     bovinate
     A verb representing what happens when a bovine parser parsers a
     file.


     bovine lambda
     In a bovine, or LL parser, the bovine lambda is a function to
     execute when a specific set of match rules has succeeded in
     matches text from the buffer.


     bovine parser
     A parser using the bovine parser generator.  It is an LL parser
     suitible for small simple languages.


     context


     LALR


     lexer
     A program which converts text into a stream of tokens by analyzing
     them lexially.  Lexers will commonly create strings, symbols,
     keywords and punctuation, and strip whitespace and comments.


     LL


     nonterminal


     overloadable
     Some functions are defined via `define-overload'.  These can be
     overloaded via ....


     parser
     A program that converts tokens to tags.


     tag
     A tag is a representation of some entity in a language file, such
     as a functin, variable, or include statement.  In semantic, the
     word tag is used the same way it is used for the etags or ctags
     tools.


     token
     A single atomic item returned from a lexer.  It represents some set
     of characters found in a buffer.


     token stream
     The output of the lexer as well as the input to the parser.


     wisent parser
     A parser using the wisent parser generator.  It is a port of bison
     to Emacs Lisp.  It is an LALR parser suitable for complex
     languages.


File: semantic.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Index,  Prev: Glossary,  Up: Top

GNU Free Documentation License
******************************

                        Version 1.1, March 2000
     Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
     
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ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:


       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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File: semantic.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top

Index
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* Menu:


Tag Table:
Node: Top1101
Node: Overview1972
Node: Semantic Components6152
Node: Installation7564
Node: Semantic manuals8229
Node: Semantic Internals9026
Node: Glossary12001
Ref: BNF12136
Ref: bovinate12341
Ref: bovine lambda12437
Ref: bovine parser12625
Ref: context12757
Ref: LALR12772
Ref: lexer12784
Ref: LL13002
Ref: nonterminal13012
Ref: overloadable13031
Ref: parser13145
Ref: tag13204
Ref: token13436
Ref: token stream13560
Ref: wisent parser13645
Node: GNU Free Documentation License13817
Node: Index33526

End Tag Table
