## การถามคำถาม

คำถามแบบปรัชญาโสเครติสเป็นคำถามปลายเปิดซึ่งเป็นการสนับสนุนให้เกิดความคิดสร้างสรรค์ การคิดเป็น มีกระบวนความคิด ตัวอย่างเช่น

### คำถามที่ต้องให้อธิบาย

- คุณหมายความว่าอย่างไรจากการพูด ____?
- ประเด็นของคุณคืออะไร?
- _____ เกี่ยวข้องกับ _____อย่างไร?
- ลองอธิบายเรื่องนี้อีกแบบหนึ่งได้หรือไม่?
- ประเด็นของคุณคือ _____ หรือ _____?
- คุณคิดว่าใจความสำคัญของเรื่องนี้คืออะไร?
- ขอทวนหน่อยนะคะว่าเข้าใจคุณได้ถูกต้องหรือไม่ คุณหมายความว่า _____ หรือ _____?
- How does this relate to our problem/discussion/issue?
- What do you, Mike, mean by this remark? What do you take Mike to mean by his remark?
- Jane, can you summarize in your own words what Richard said? . . . Richard, is this what you meant?
- Could you give me an example?
- Would this be an example, . . .?
- Could you explain this further?
- Would you say more about that?
- Why do you say that?

### คำถามเพื่อพิสูจน์สมมุติฐาน

- What are you assuming?
- What is Jenny assuming?
- What could we assume instead?
- You seem to be assuming _____. Do I understand you correctly?
- All of your reasoning depends on the idea that _____. Why have you based your reasoning on _____ instead of _____?
- You seem to be assuming _____. How do you justify taking that for granted?
- Is that always the case? Why do you think the assumption holds here?
- Why would someone make that assumption?

### คำถามเพื่อพิสูจน์เหตุผลและหลักฐาน

- What would be an example?
- How do you know?
- Why do you think that is true?
- Do you have any evidence for that?
- What difference does that make?
- What are your reasons for saying that?
- What other information do you need?
- Could you explain your reasons to us?
- Are these reasons adequate?
- Why do you say that?
- What led you to that belief?
- How does that apply to this case?
- What would change your mind?
- But, is that good evidence for that belief?
- Is there a reason to doubt that evidence?
- Who is in a position to know that is true?
- What would you say to someone who said that ____?
- Can someone else give evidence to support that view?
- By what reasoning did you come to that conclusion?
- How could we find out if that is true?

### คำถามเกี่ยวกับมุมมองและภาพรวม

- The term "imply" will require clarification when used with younger students.
- What are you implying by that?
- When you say _____, are you implying _____?
- But, if that happened, what else would happen as a result? Why?
- What effect would that have?
- Would that necessarily happen or only possibly/probably happen?
- What is an alternative?
- If _____ and _____ are the case, then what might also be true?
- If we say that ____ is ethical, how about _____?

### คำถามเกี่ยวกับการนำไปใช้และผลที่ตามมา

- How can we find out?
- What does this question assume?
- Would _____ ask this question differently?
- How could someone settle this question?
- Can we break this question down at all?
- Is this question clear? Do we understand it?
- Is this question easy or hard to answer? Why?
- Does this question ask us to evaluate something? What?
- Do we all agree that this is the question?
- To answer this question, what other questions must we answer first?
- I'm not sure I understand how you are interpreting this question. Is this the same as _____?
- How would _____ state the issue?
- Why is this issue important?
- Is this the most important question, or is there an underlying question that is really the issue?

Questions adapted from Paul, R. (1993). Critical Thinking: How To Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World: Foundation for Critical Thinking, Santa Rosa, CA.