    OQMGR(8)                                                 OQMGR(8)

    NAME
           oqmgr - old Postfix queue manager

    SYNOPSIS
           oqmgr [generic Postfix daemon options]

    DESCRIPTION
           The  oqmgr  daemon awaits the arrival of incoming mail and
           arranges for its delivery via Postfix delivery  processes.
           The actual mail routing strategy is delegated to the triv-
           ial-rewrite(8) daemon.  This program  expects  to  be  run
           from the master(8) process manager.

           Mail  addressed  to  the  local  double-bounce  address is
           logged and discarded.  This stops potential  loops  caused
           by undeliverable bounce notifications.

    MAIL QUEUES
           The oqmgr daemon maintains the following queues:

           incoming
                  Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by
                  the local pickup agent from the maildrop directory.

           active Messages  that  the  queue  manager  has opened for
                  delivery. Only a  limited  number  of  messages  is
                  allowed  to  enter  the  active queue (leaky bucket
                  strategy, for a fixed delivery rate).

           deferred
                  Mail that could not be  delivered  upon  the  first
                  attempt.  The  queue manager implements exponential
                  backoff  by  doubling  the  time  between  delivery
                  attempts.

           corrupt
                  Unreadable  or  damaged  queue files are moved here
                  for inspection.

           hold   Messages that are kept  "on  hold"  are  kept  here
                  until someone sets them free.

    DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS
           The oqmgr daemon keeps an eye on per-message delivery sta-
           tus reports in  the  following  directories.  Each  status
           report file has the same name as the corresponding message
           file:

           bounce Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
                  bounced.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
                  bounce(8) daemon.

           defer  Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
                  delayed.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
                  defer(8) daemon.

           trace  Per-recipient status information as requested  with
                  the  Postfix  "sendmail  -v" or "sendmail -bv" com-
                  mand.  These files are maintained by  the  trace(8)
                  daemon.

           The  oqmgr daemon is responsible for asking the bounce(8),
           defer(8) or trace(8) daemons to send delivery reports.

    STRATEGIES
           The queue manager implements a variety of  strategies  for
           either opening queue files (input) or for message delivery
           (output).

           leaky bucket
                  This strategy limits the number of messages in  the
                  active  queue  and  prevents the queue manager from
                  running out of memory under heavy load.

           fairness
                  When the active queue has room, the  queue  manager
                  takes  one  message from the incoming queue and one
                  from the deferred queue. This prevents a large mail
                  backlog from blocking the delivery of new mail.

           slow start
                  This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems
                  by slowly adjusting the number of parallel deliver-
                  ies to the same destination.

           round robin
                  The queue manager sorts delivery requests by desti-
                  nation.  Round-robin selection prevents one  desti-
                  nation from dominating deliveries to other destina-
                  tions.

           exponential backoff
                  Mail  that  cannot  be  delivered  upon  the  first
                  attempt  is  deferred.   The  time interval between
                  delivery attempts is doubled after each attempt.

           destination status cache
                  The  queue  manager  avoids  unnecessary   delivery
                  attempts  by  maintaining  a  short-term, in-memory
                  list of unreachable destinations.

    TRIGGERS
           On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival
           of  trigger  events,  or it waits for a timer to go off. A
           trigger is a one-byte message.  Depending on  the  message
           received,  the queue manager performs one of the following
           actions (the message is followed by the symbolic  constant
           used internally by the software):

           D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)
                  Start  a  deferred queue scan.  If a deferred queue
                  scan is already in  progress,  that  scan  will  be
                  restarted as soon as it finishes.

           I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)
                  Start  an incoming queue scan. If an incoming queue
                  scan is already in  progress,  that  scan  will  be
                  restarted as soon as it finishes.

           A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)
                  Ignore deferred queue file time stamps. The request
                  affects the next deferred queue scan.

           F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)
                  Purge all information  about  dead  transports  and
                  destinations.

           W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)
                  Wakeup  call,  This is used by the master server to
                  instantiate servers that should not  go  away  for-
                  ever.  The  action  is  to  start an incoming queue
                  scan.

           The oqmgr daemon reads an entire buffer worth of triggers.
           Multiple  identical  trigger  requests  are collapsed into
           one, and trigger requests are sorted so that A and F  pre-
           cede  D  and  I.  Thus, in order to force a deferred queue
           run, one would request A F D; in order to notify the queue
           manager of the arrival of new mail one would request I.

    STANDARDS
           None.  The oqmgr daemon does not interact with the outside
           world.

    SECURITY
           The oqmgr daemon is not security sensitive. It reads  sin-
           gle-character  messages  from  untrusted  local users, and
           thus may be susceptible to denial of service attacks.  The
           oqmgr  daemon  does  not talk to the outside world, and it
           can be run at fixed low privilege in a  chrooted  environ-
           ment.

    DIAGNOSTICS
           Problems and transactions are logged to the syslog daemon.
           Corrupted message files are saved to the corrupt queue for
           further inspection.

           Depending  on the setting of the notify_classes parameter,
           the postmaster is notified of bounces and of  other  trou-
           ble.

    BUGS
           A  single  queue  manager  process has to compete for disk
           access with multiple front-end processes such as smtpd.  A
           sudden  burst  of  inbound mail can negatively impact out-
           bound delivery rates.

    CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
           Changes to main.cf are not  picked  up  automatically,  as
           oqmgr(8)  processes are persistent. Use the command "post-
           fix reload" after a configuration change.

           The text below provides  only  a  parameter  summary.  See
           postconf(5) for more details including examples.

           In  the text below, transport is the first field in a mas-
           ter.cf entry.

    COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS
           allow_min_user (no)
                  Allow a recipient address to have `-' as the  first
                  character.

    ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS
           qmgr_clog_warn_time (300s)
                  The  minimal delay between warnings that a specific
                  destination  is  clogging  up  the  Postfix  active
                  queue.

           qmgr_message_active_limit (20000)
                  The maximal number of messages in the active queue.

           qmgr_message_recipient_limit (20000)
                  The maximal number of recipients held in memory  by
                  the  Postfix queue manager, and the maximal size of
                  the size of the short-term, in-memory "dead" desti-
                  nation status cache.

    DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS
           qmgr_fudge_factor (100)
                  Obsolete   feature:   the  percentage  of  delivery
                  resources that a busy mail system will use  up  for
                  delivery of a large mailing  list message.

           initial_destination_concurrency (5)
                  The  initial  per-destination concurrency level for
                  parallel delivery to the same destination.

           default_destination_concurrency_limit (20)
                  The default maximal number of  parallel  deliveries
                  to the same destination.

           transport_destination_concurrency_limit
                  Idem, for delivery via the named message transport.

    RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS
           default_destination_recipient_limit (50)
                  The default maximal number of recipients  per  mes-
                  sage delivery.

           transport_destination_recipient_limit
                  Idem, for delivery via the named message transport.

    OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
           minimal_backoff_time (1000s)
                  The minimal time  between  attempts  to  deliver  a
                  deferred message.

           maximal_backoff_time (4000s)
                  The  maximal  time  between  attempts  to deliver a
                  deferred message.

           maximal_queue_lifetime (5d)
                  The maximal time a message is queued before  it  is
                  sent back as undeliverable.

           queue_run_delay (1000s)
                  The  time between deferred queue scans by the queue
                  manager.

           transport_retry_time (60s)
                  The time between attempts by the Postfix queue man-
                  ager  to  contact a malfunctioning message delivery
                  transport.

           Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:

           bounce_queue_lifetime (5d)
                  The maximal time a bounce message is queued  before
                  it is considered undeliverable.

    MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
           config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  The  default  location  of  the Postfix main.cf and
                  master.cf configuration files.

           daemon_timeout (18000s)
                  How much time a Postfix daemon process may take  to
                  handle  a  request  before  it  is  terminated by a
                  built-in watchdog timer.

           defer_transports (empty)
                  The  names  of  message  delivery  transports  that
                  should  not  be  delivered to unless someone issues
                  "sendmail -q" or equivalent.

           helpful_warnings (yes)
                  Log warnings about problematic  configuration  set-
                  tings, and provide helpful suggestions.

           ipc_timeout (3600s)
                  The time limit for sending or receiving information
                  over an internal communication channel.

           process_id (read-only)
                  The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon  pro-
                  cess.

           process_name (read-only)
                  The  process  name  of  a Postfix command or daemon
                  process.

           queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  The location of the Postfix top-level queue  direc-
                  tory.

           syslog_facility (mail)
                  The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

           syslog_name (postfix)
                  The  mail system name that is prepended to the pro-
                  cess  name  in  syslog  records,  so  that  "smtpd"
                  becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

    FILES
           /var/spool/postfix/incoming, incoming queue
           /var/spool/postfix/active, active queue
           /var/spool/postfix/deferred, deferred queue
           /var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status
           /var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status
           /var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status

    SEE ALSO
           trivial-rewrite(8), address routing
           bounce(8), delivery status reports
           postconf(5), configuration parameters
           master(8), process manager
           syslogd(8) system logging

    README FILES
           QSHAPE_README, Postfix queue analysis

    LICENSE
           The Secure Mailer license must be  distributed  with  this
           software.

    AUTHOR(S)
           Wietse Venema
           IBM T.J. Watson Research
           P.O. Box 704
           Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

                                                             OQMGR(8)