Next: Pipe, Gate Valve Up: Fluid Section Types: Liquids Previous: Pipe, Diaphragm Contents

### Pipe, Bend

Figure 71: Bend

A bend (Figure 71) is characterized by head losses of the form:

| (30)

where is a head loss coefficient depending on the bend angle and the ratio of the bend radius to the pipe diameter , is the mass flow, g is the gravity acceleration and is the liquid density. is the cross section of the pipe. Values for can be found in file ``liquidpipe.f''.

The following constants have to be specified on the line beneath the *FLUID SECTION, TYPE=PIPE BEND card:

- in

denotes the roughness of the pipe: applies to an extremely smooth pipe surface, to a very rough surface. The gravity acceleration must be specified by a gravity type *DLOAD card defined for the elements at stake. The material characteristic can be defined by a *DENSITY card.

Next: Pipe, Gate Valve Up: Fluid Section Types: Liquids Previous: Pipe, Diaphragm Contents