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# LXVIII.MySQL Functions

# 介紹

These functions allow you to access MySQL database servers. More information about MySQL can be found at http://www.mysql.com/.

Documentation for MySQL can be found at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

# 需求

In order to have these functions available, you must compile PHP with MySQL support.

# 安裝

By using the --with-mysql[=DIR] configuration option you enable PHP to access MySQL databases.

In PHP 4, the option --with-mysql is enabled by default. To disable this default behavior, you may use the --without-mysql configure option. Also in PHP 4, if you enable MySQL without specifying the path to the MySQL install DIR, PHP will use the bundled MySQL client libraries. In Windows, there is no DLL, it's simply built into PHP 4. Users who run other applications that use MySQL (for example, auth-mysql) should not use the bundled library, but rather specify the path to MySQL's install directory, like so: --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql. This will force PHP to use the client libraries installed by MySQL, thus avoiding any conflicts.

In PHP 5, MySQL is no longer enabled by default, nor is the MySQL library bundled with PHP. Read this FAQ for details on why. Because of this, Windows users will need to enable `php_mysql.dll` inside of `php.ini` and either copy `libmysql.dll` into the Windows system directory or make it available to the PATH. For compiling, simply use --with-mysql=[DIR] where [DIR] points to your MySQL installation directory.

This MySQL extension doesn't support full functionality of MySQL versions greater than 4.1.0. For that, use MySQLi.

If you would like to install the mysql extension along with the mysqli extension you have to use the same client library to avoid any conflicts.

切記!
Crashes and startup problems of PHP may be encountered when loading this extension in conjunction with the recode extension. See the recode extension for more information.

> 備注: If you need charsets other than latin (default), you have to install external (not bundled) libmysql with compiled charset support.

# 執行時期組態

`php.ini`中的設定會影響這些函數的行為。

表格 1.MySQL Configuration Options

Name | Default | Changeable
--- | --- | ---
mysql.allow_persistent | "On" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM
mysql.max_persistent | "-1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM
mysql.max_links | "-1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM
mysql.trace_mode | "Off" | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.default_port | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.default_socket | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.default_host | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.default_user | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.default_password | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL
mysql.connect_timeout | "0" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM

For further details and definition of the PHP_INI_* constants see ini_set().

這裡為簡短的結構指令說明。

mysql.allow_persistent boolean

  Whether to allow persistent connections to MySQL.

mysql.max_persistent integer

  The maximum number of persistent MySQL connections per process.

mysql.max_links integer

  The maximum number of MySQL connections per process, including persistent connections.

mysql.trace_mode boolean

  Trace mode. When mysql.trace_mode is enabled, warnings for table/index scans, non free result sets, and SQL-Errors will be displayed. (Introduced in PHP 4.3.0)

mysql.default_port string

  The default TCP port number to use when connecting to the database server if no other port is specified. If no default is specified, the port will be obtained from the MYSQL_TCP_PORT environment variable, the mysql-tcp entry in `/etc/services` or the compile-time `MYSQL_PORT` constant, in that order. Win32 will only use the `MYSQL_PORT` constant.

mysql.default_socket string

  The default socket name to use when connecting to a local database server if no other socket name is specified.

mysql.default_host string

  The default server host to use when connecting to the database server if no other host is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysql.default_user string

  The default user name to use when connecting to the database server if no other name is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysql.default_password string

  The default password to use when connecting to the database server if no other password is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysql.connect_timeout integer

  Connect timeout in seconds. On Linux this timeout is also used for waiting for the first answer from the server.

# 資源類型

There are two resource types used in the MySQL module. The first one is the link identifier for a database connection, the second a resource which holds the result of a query.

# 預先定義常數

以下的常數由此延伸定義，只在這個延伸被編譯成PHP或實行時期被動態載入時有效。

Since PHP 4.3.0 it is possible to specify additional client flags for the mysql_connect() and mysql_pconnect() functions. The following constants are defined:

表格 2.MySQL client constants

Constant | Description
--- | ---
MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS | Use compression protocol
MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE | Allow space after function names
MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE | Allow interactive_timeout seconds (instead of wait_timeout) of inactivity before closing the connection.
MYSQL_CLIENT_SSL | Use SSL encryption. This flag is available only with 4.x version of client library or newer. Version 3.23.x is bundled both with PHP 4 and Windows binaries of PHP 5.

The function mysql_fetch_array() uses a constant for the different types of result arrays. The following constants are defined:

表格 3.MySQL fetch constants

Constant | Description
--- | ---
MYSQL_ASSOC | Columns are returned into the array having the fieldname as the array index.
MYSQL_BOTH | Columns are returned into the array having both a numerical index and the fieldname as the array index.
MYSQL_NUM | Columns are returned into the array having a numerical index to the fields. This index starts with 0, the first field in the result.

# 範例

This simple example shows how to connect, execute a query, print resulting rows and disconnect from a MySQL database.

示範 1.MySQL extension overview example
`<?php /* Connecting, selecting database */ $link = mysql_connect("mysql_host", "mysql_user", "mysql_password") or die("Could not connect : " . mysql_error()); echo "Connected successfully"; mysql_select_db("my_database") or die("Could not select database"); /* Performing SQL query */ $query = "SELECT * FROM my_table"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die("Query failed : " . mysql_error()); /* Printing results in HTML */ echo "<table>\n"; while ($line = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "\t<tr>\n"; foreach ($line as $col_value) { echo "\t\t<td>$col_value</td>\n"; } echo "\t</tr>\n"; } echo "</table>\n"; /* Free resultset */ mysql_free_result($result); /* Closing connection */ mysql_close($link); ?>`

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