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1.8 Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions

The `PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()` function is declared as follows:

    int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *arg, PyObject *kwdict,
                                    char *format, char *kwlist[], ...);

The arg and format parameters are identical to those of the `PyArg_ParseTuple()` function. The kwdict parameter is the dictionary of keywords received as the third parameter from the Python runtime. The kwlist parameter is a `NULL`-terminated list of strings which identify the parameters; the names are matched with the type information from format from left to right. On success, `PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()` returns true, otherwise it returns false and raises an appropriate exception.

Note: Nested tuples cannot be parsed when using keyword arguments! Keyword parameters passed in which are not present in the kwlist will cause `TypeError` to be raised.

Here is an example module which uses keywords, based on an example by Geoff Philbrick (philbrick@hks.com):

    #include "Python.h"

    static PyObject *
    keywdarg_parrot(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)
    {
        int voltage;
        char *state = "a stiff";
        char *action = "voom";
        char *type = "Norwegian Blue";

        static char *kwlist[] = {"voltage", "state", "action", "type", NULL};

        if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds, "i|sss", kwlist,
                                         &voltage, &state, &action, &type))
            return NULL;

        printf("-- This parrot wouldn't %s if you put %i Volts through it.\n",
               action, voltage);
        printf("-- Lovely plumage, the %s -- It's %s!\n", type, state);

        Py_INCREF(Py_None);

        return Py_None;
    }

    static PyMethodDef keywdarg_methods[] = {
        /* The cast of the function is necessary since PyCFunction values
         * only take two PyObject* parameters, and keywdarg_parrot() takes
         * three.
         */
        {"parrot", (PyCFunction)keywdarg_parrot, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
         "Print a lovely skit to standard output."},
        {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}   /* sentinel */
    };

    void
    initkeywdarg(void)
    {
      /* Create the module and add the functions */
      Py_InitModule("keywdarg", keywdarg_methods);
    }