# Overview

So you want to use a smart card with some application? Here is a small introductions on the parts you need.

- Application
- Smart card library
- Middleware
- Driver for your smart card reader

OpenSC is a smart card library. It also comes with tools to manage your smart cards.

## Application Interface

Applications need to use the smart card library using some interface. Unfortunatly there are several different interfaces. PKCS#11 is a standard interface available on all operating systems. OpenSC implements this interface as smart card library, and Applications such as Mozilla, Firefox and Thunderbird implement it as applications. Thus you can use these applications with OpenSC on all platforms.

Native Windows applications often use the Crypto API interface. OpenSC does not implement the matching interface - CSP - but with the help of an additional software it does. See WindowsCSP for details. The advantage of Crypto API/CSP is that applications do not need special code to use smart cards, all applications gain that feature automaticaly.

Native Mac OS X applications also have a special interface called CDSA or CSP. See AppleCSP for details. At this moment OpenSC does not support that interface and also there is no bridge to do so. But you can still use applications on Mac OS X that implement the PKCS#11 interface like Mozilla, Firefox or Thunderbird.

Under Linux, BSD, Solaris and under Unix PKCS#11 is the preferred interface for all applications.

Some Open Source applications use the non standardized native OpenSC interface directly. These days we promote PKCS#11 as interface, but for the time being these applications also work well with OpenSC.

## Driver Interface

Windows implements the PC/SC standard. That means OpenSC will use the PCSC interface to talk to the middleware, and the middleware will use drivers in "IfdHandler" format to talk to the hardware. Nearly all vendors of smart card readers ship such drivers, or the driver is even included in Windows, so there shouldn't be any issue. OpenSC will be able to talk to your smart card just fine.

Windows NT/2000/XP and newer include the PC/SC middleware. For older versions you need to install an addon package from Microsoft first.

Apple/Mac OS X also implements the PC/SC standard, same situation as Windows, except few vendors ship drivers for Mac OS X, but most smart card readers will work with the generic driver included in Mac OS X. OpenSC will talk to the reader using the PC/SC Middleware and thus be able to talk to your smart card just fine.

Apple includes a modified copy of pcsc-lite, an open source implementation of the PC/SC standard. Most of the time you will be fine, but in some cases it is necessary to install an updated version of pcsc-lite, for example if you have a smart card reader with a pinpad and would like to use that capability.

On Linux you might want to use the open source project OpenCT for smart card drivers. It implements support for many drivers at the same time, is still small and lean, and OpenSC can use it directly without the need for any middleware. Many OpenSC developers also work on OpenCT so this combination is best tested. Most Linux distributions include the latest version of OpenCT.

On Linux you can also use pcsc-lite and drivers in ifdhandler format. Many distributions include pcsc-lite and some open source drivers, and some vendors also offer binary drivers for Linux in ifdhandler format.

Solaris situation is like Linux, except Sun has some special stuff for their Sunray terminals that contain smart card readers. You can use OpenCT with those terminals; source contains a solaris/ subdirectory with a README files and additional files to make using OpenCT on solaris easy. OpenCT hides the differences, so OpenSC works on Solaris well, just like on other plattforms.

There is also a very old interface called CT-API which was developed many years ago while people were using DOS. It only works well if you have a single application with a single user on your system. It is still being used for specialised machines like ticket point of sales, but usualy not used with modern multi-user, multi-application computers. OpenSC can use drivers in CT-API format directly, without any middleware, on all operating sytems.

## Smart card support

Basicaly you can get smart card in two states: either blank or initialized.

For blank cards OpenSC has code to initialize the card in PKCS#15 format.

You can't change initialized cards at all, or only with the software that was used to initialize it. But you can use the card with OpenSC if OpenSC knows the format. So the format has either to be PKCS#15 (very few softwares implement that standard, however), or maybe the format was published and OpenSC contains an emulation for that format.

Check the list on the main page to see if your card is supported. Also check the page itself, as some cards have not been tested for a while, or only some members of a card family are supported.

Also if you want to buy blank cards and initialize them yourself, make sure you buy really blank cards. Many vendors have also a half initialized version, and those can be only changed with the vendor software, and the result is not compatible with OpenSC unless OpenSC has an emulation code. Even then OpenSC can only offer you to use the card, but not to alter it.

As a general rule OpenSC only supports cards with a filesystem and cryptographic functions (RSA). That excludes nearly all Java Cards, as they usually don't have a filesystem. Please check the Musclecard project - they offer open source software for using many different Java Cards.