| KEYBOARD(7) | KEYBOARD(7)

NAME

| keyboard – how to type characters

DESCRIPTION

Keyboards are idiosyncratic. It should be obvious how to type ordinary ASCII characters, backspace, tab, escape, and newline. In Plan 9, the key labeled `Return` or `Enter` generates a newline (`0x0A`); if there is a key labeled `Line Feed`, it generates a carriage return (`0x0D`); Plan 9 eschews CRLFs. All control characters are typed in the usual way; in particular, control-J is a line feed and control-M a carriage return.

The down arrow, used by 9term(1), acme(1), and sam(1), causes windows to scroll forward. The up arrow scrolls backward.

Characters in Plan 9 are runes (see utf(7)). Any 16-bit rune can be typed using a compose key followed by several other keys. The compose key is also generally near the lower right of the main key area: the `NUM PAD` key on the Gnot, the `Alternate` key on the Next, the `Compose` key on the SLC, the `Option` key on the Magnum, and either `Alt` key on the PC. After typing the compose key, type a capital `X` and exactly four hexadecimal characters (digits and `a` to `f`) to type a single rune with the value represented by the typed number. There are shorthands for many characters, comprising the compose key followed by a two- or three-character sequence. There are several rules guiding the design of the sequences, as illustrated by the following examples. The full list is too long to repeat here, but is contained in the file `/usr/local/plan9/lib/keyboard` in a format suitable for grep(1) or look(1).

A repeated symbol gives a variant of that symbol, e.g., `??` yields ¿.
ASCII digraphs for mathematical operators give the corresponding operator, e.g., `<=` yields ≤.
Two letters give the corresponding ligature, e.g., `AE` yields Æ.
Mathematical and other symbols are given by abbreviations for their names, e.g., `pg` yields ¶.
Chess pieces are given by a `w` or `b` followed by a letter for the piece (`k` for king, `q` for queen, `r` for rook, `n` for knight, `b` for bishop, or `p` for pawn), e.g., `wk` for a white king.
Greek letters are given by an asterisk followed by a corresponding latin letter, e.g., `*d` yields δ.
Cyrillic letters are given by an at sign followed by a corresponding latin letter or letters, e.g., `@ya` yields я.
Script letters are given by a dollar sign followed by the corresponding regular letter, e.g., `$F` yields ℱ.
A digraph of a symbol followed by a letter gives the letter with an accent that looks like the symbol, e.g., `,c` yields ç.
Two digits give the fraction with that numerator and denominator, e.g., `12` yields ½.
The letter s followed by a character gives that character as a superscript, e.g., `s1` yields ⁱ. These characters are taken from the Unicode block 0x2070; the 1, 2, and 3 superscripts in the Latin-1 block are available by using a capital S instead of s.
Sometimes a pair of characters give a symbol related to the superimposition of the characters, e.g., `cO` yields ©.
A mnemonic letter followed by $ gives a currency symbol, e.g., `l$` yields £.

Note the difference between ß (ss) and µ (micron) and the Greek β and μ.

FILES

`/usr/local/plan9/lib/keyboard
`

| sorted table of characters and keyboard sequences

SEE ALSO

| intro(1), ascii(1), tcs(1), 9term(1), acme(1), sam(1), utf(7)