<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- -*- indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- -->
<chapter id="basic-skills">
<title>ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ</title>

<!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
<anchor id="part1-1"/>
<anchor id="gosbasic-1"/>
<anchor id="gosbasic-46"/> <!-- was Using Windows -->

<highlights>
  <para>ਇਹ ਕਾਂਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਉਸ ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ ਬਾਰੇ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਗਨੋਮ ਡੈਸਕਟਾਪ ਨਾਲ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਲੋੜੀਦੀ ਹੈ।</para>
</highlights>

<section id="mouse-skills">
  <title>ਮਾਊਸ ਮਹਾਰਤ</title>

  <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
  <anchor id="gosbasic-2"/>

  <indexterm>
    <primary>ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ</primary>
    <secondary>ਮਾਊਸ ਮਹਾਰਤ</secondary>
  </indexterm>
  <indexterm>
    <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
    <secondary>ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ</secondary>
  </indexterm>
  
  <!-- Notes for future development of the mouse section
  Contents list:
  * buttons
  * click, drag, etc
  * what you actually do with those: the concept of focus, selection, etc. 
    basically, an introduction to the 'noun, verb' grammar of GUIs
  * pointers
  -->

  <para>
        This section describes what the mouse buttons do, and what the different pointers mean.
  </para>

    <para>A mouse is a pointing device that lets you move the mouse pointer on the screen. The mouse pointer is usually
a small arrow with which you point to objects on your screen. Pressing a mouse button will perform a particular
action on the object over which your mouse pointer is situated, depending on which button you press.
    </para>

  <section id="mouse-conventions">
    <title>ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ</title>
    <titleabbrev>ਬਟਨ</titleabbrev>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosgetstarted-44"/>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
      <secondary>ਬਟਨ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>The instructions in this manual are for three buttoned, right handed mouse devices, the most common type.
        If you use another type of mouse or pointing device, you should take care to locate the corresponding buttons on your mouse.  If you use a left-handed mouse
        see the paragraph on setting mouse orientation below.
    </para>

        <note><para>If you set your mouse device to be left handed, you should reverse the mouse button
        conventions used in this manual. This is normally also implied in most documentation and in many
        applications.</para></note>

    <para>Some mice lack a middle button. If you have a two-button mouse device,
    then your system may be configured to use <firstterm>chording</firstterm> to allow middle button simulation. If chording is activated,
    you press the left and right mouse buttons simultaneously, to simulate the 
    the middle mouse button. A middle mouse button is by no means necessary to use GNOME.</para>

    <para>The mouse button conventions used in this manual are as
    follows:</para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਖੱਬਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem><para>The button on the left side of a mouse device. This is the main mouse button, used for selecting,
        activating, pressing buttons etc... When you are told to "click" it is implied that you should click with the left button,
        unless specifically stated.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਮੱਧ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem><para>The middle button of a mouse device.  On many mice with a scroll wheel,
        the scroll wheel can be pushed down for a middle mouse
        button click.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਸੱਜਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem><para>The button on the right side of a mouse device. Often, this button displays
        a context menu for the object under the pointer.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>Use <application>Mouse Preferences</application> to reverse the orientation of your mouse device. You will then need to reverse the mouse button conventions used in this manual and other GNOME documentation.
    See <xref linkend="prefs-mouse"/> for more information about setting
    your mouse preferences.</para>

  </section>

  <section id="mouse-actions">
    <title>ਮਾਊਸ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ</title>
    <titleabbrev>ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ</titleabbrev>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosgetstarted-45"/>
    <anchor id="gosbasic-6"/>
    
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
      <secondary>ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
      <secondary>ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    
    <para>ਇਹ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੇਠ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ ਹਨ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਾਰੇ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ:</para>
    
    <!-- convert to variablelist -->
    <informaltable frame="topbot">
      <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
        <colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="36.36*"/>
        <colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="63.64*"/>
        <thead>
          <row rowsep="1">
            <entry>
              <para>ਕਾਰਵਾਈ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>ਪ੍ਰੀਭਾਸ਼ਾ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਦਬਾਓ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਖੱਬਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ, ਬਿਨਾਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਹਿਲਾਏ, ਦੱਬੋ ਅਤੇ ਛੱਡ ਦਿਓ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਖੱਬਾ ਬਟਨ ਦਬਾਉਣਾ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Same as <emphasis>click</emphasis>.
              The term 'left-click' is used where there might be
              confusion with <emphasis>right-click</emphasis>.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਵਿਚਲਾ ਬਟਨ ਦਬਾਉਣਾ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੱਧ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ, ਬਿਨਾਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਹਿਲਾਏ, ਦੱਬੋ ਅਤੇ ਛੱਡ ਦਿਓ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਸੱਜਾ ਬਟਨ ਦਬਾਉਣਾ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਸੱਜਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ, ਬਿਨਾਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਹਿਲਾਏ, ਦੱਬੋ ਅਤੇ ਛੱਡ ਦਿਓ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਦੋ ਵਾਰ ਦੱਬਣਾ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Press and release the left mouse button twice
              in rapid succession without moving the mouse.  You
              can configure the sensitivity to double-clicks by changing the
              <emphasis>Double-click Timeout</emphasis> setting: 
              see <xref linkend="prefs-mouse"/> for more information.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਸੁੱਟੋ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Press and do not release the
              left mouse button, 
              and then move the mouse with the button still held down,
              and finally release the button.</para>
                            
              <para>Dragging with the mouse is used in many different contexts.
              
              
              This moves an object around the screen with the mouse. The 
              object is <emphasis>dropped</emphasis> at the 
              location where the mouse button 
              is released. This action is also called 
              <emphasis>drag-and-drop</emphasis>. Clicking on an element of the interface to
              move it is sometimes called a <emphasis>grab</emphasis>. Click and drag</para>
                            
              <para>For example, you can change the position of a window by 
              dragging on its title bar, or move a file by dragging its icon 
              from one window and dropping it on another.</para>           
              
              <para>The left
              mouse buttons is usually used to perform drag actions,
              although the middle mouse button is sometimes used for
              an alternate drag action.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਦੱਬੋ ਅਤੇ ਫੜੀ ਰੱਖੋ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਖੱਬਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ ਦੱਬੀ ਰੱਖੋ ਅਤੇ ਛੱਡੋ ਨਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
      <secondary>ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮਾਊਂਸ ਨਾਲ ਹੇਠ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ:</para>
    
    <!--
    Problem with the word 'action' here, since it's already used
    to describe things like click, drag, etc. Suggestion: tasks?
    -->

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਖੱਬਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>ਚੁਣਿਆ ਪਾਠ।</para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>ਚੁਣੀਆਂ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ।</para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>ਸੁੱਟਣ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ।</para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>ਸਰਗਰਮ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ।</para></listitem>
          </itemizedlist>        
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਮੱਧ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>ਪਾਠ ਚੇਪਣਾ।</para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਭੇਜਣੀਆਂ।</para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>ਝਰੋਖਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਭੇਜਣਾ।</para></listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ਸੱਜਾ ਮਾਊਸ ਬਟਨ</term>
        <listitem><para>Use the right mouse button to open a context menu for
        an item, if a menu applies.  For most items, you can also use the
        <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo>
        keyboard shortcut to open the context menu once the item has been
        selected.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>For example, when viewing files in the file manager, you select
    a file by clicking with the left mouse button and open a file by
    double-clicking with the left mouse button.  Clicking with the right
    mouse button will bring up a context menu for that file.</para>

    <tip><para>In most applications, you can select text with your left
    mouse button and paste it in another application using the middle
    mouse button.  This is called primary selection paste, and works
    separately from your normal clipboard operations.</para></tip>

    <tip><para>To select more than one item, you can hold the
    <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> key to select multiple items, or
    hold the <keycap>Shift</keycap> key to select a contiguous
    range of items. You can also drag a <firstterm>bounding box</firstterm>
    to select several items by starting the drag in the empty space around items
    and dragging out a rectangle.
    </para></tip>

  </section>

  <section id="mouse-pointers">
    <title>ਮਾਊਂਸ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</title>
    <titleabbrev>ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</titleabbrev>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosbasic-7"/>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਮਾਊਸ</primary>
      <secondary>ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</primary>
      <see>ਮਾਊਂਸ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para>As you use the mouse, the appearance of the mouse pointer can
    change. The appearance of the pointer provides feedback about a
    particular operation, location, or state.</para>

   <para>The following mouse pointers are shown as your mouse passes over 
   different elements of the screen:</para>
   
   <note><para>Your mouse pointers will differ from those shown here if you are using a different <link linkend="prefs-mouse">pointer theme</link>. Your distributor or vendor may have set a different default theme.</para></note>
   
   <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/normal_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਆਮ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਆਮ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer appears during normal use of
        the mouse.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/busy_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਰੁੱਝਿਆ ਪੁਆਇੰਟਰ (ਸੰਕੇਤਕ)।</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਰੁੱਝਿਆ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer appears over a window that is busy performing a task. You cannot use the mouse to give this window any input, but you can move to another window and work with that.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>      
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/resize_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਮੁੜ-ਆਕਾਰ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਮੁੜ-ਆਕਾਰ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer indicates that you can grab the control to
        resize parts of the interface. This appears over the borders of windows
        and over resize handles between panes in a window.  The direction of the arrows
        indicates in which direction you can resize.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/hyperlink_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਹੱਥਲਾ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਹੱਥਲਾ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer appears when you hover over a
        <glossterm>hypertext link</glossterm>, in a web page for example.
        This pointer indicates that you can click on the link to load
        a new document or perform an action.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>      
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/ibeam_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>I-ਬੀਮ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> I-ਬੀਮ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer is shown when the mouse is over text that you can
        select or edit. Click to place the cursor where you want to type text, or drag to select text.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>      
    </variablelist>      
      
   <para>The following mouse pointers are shown when dragging an item such as a file, or a piece of text. 
   They indicate the result of releasing the mouse button to drop the 
   object being moved.</para>      
      
    <variablelist>      
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/move_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਹਿਲਾਉਣਾ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਏਧਰ-ਓਧਰ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer indicates that when you drop the object,
        the object is moved from
        the old location to the new location.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/copy_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਨਕਲ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਨਕਲ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer indicates that when you drop the object, 
        a copy of the object is
        created where you drop it.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/link_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>Symbolic link pointer.</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>ਸਿੰਬਲਿਕ ਲਿੰਕ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer 
        indicates that when you drop the object, a <firstterm>symbolic
        link</firstterm> to the object is created where you drop the object.
        A symbolic link is a special type of file that points to another file
        or folder. For more on this, see <xref linkend="nautilus-symlink"/>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/ask_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਪੁਆਇੰਟਰ ਪੁੱਛੋ।</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਪੁੱਛੇ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer 
        indicates that when you drop the object, you will be given a choice of what to do. A menu will open to allow you to choose which operation you would like to perform.
        For instance, you may be able to move, copy, or
        create a symbolic link.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/not_available_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਕੋਈ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਉਪਲੱਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਕੋਈ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਉਪਲੱਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer indicates that you cannot 
        drop the object at the current location. Releasing the mouse button now will have no effect: the dragged object will be returned to its starting location.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/move_panel_object_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਪੈਨਲ ਇਕਾਈ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਹਿਲਾਓ।</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਪੈਨਲ ਇਕਾਈ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਹਿਲਾਓ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer appears when you drag a panel or a panel object
        with the middle mouse button.
        See <xref linkend="panels"/> for more information on panels.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="figures/movewindow_pointer.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <textobject>
              <phrase>ਝਰੋਖਾ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਏਧਰ-ਓਧਰ</phrase>
            </textobject>
          </inlinemediaobject> ਝਰੋਖਾ ਸੰਕੇਤਕ ਹਿਲਾਓ</term>
        <listitem><para>This pointer appears when you drag a window to move it.
        See <xref linkend="windows-manipulating"/> for more information on moving windows.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
  </section>
</section>

<section id="keyboard-skills">
  <title>ਕੀ-ਬੋਰਡ ਮਹਾਰਤ</title>

  <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
  <anchor id="gosbasic-51"/>

  <indexterm>
    <primary>ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ</primary>
    <secondary>ਕੀ-ਬੋਰਡ ਮਹਾਰਤ</secondary>
  </indexterm>
  <indexterm>
    <primary>ਕੀ-ਬੋਰਡ</primary>
    <secondary>ਮੁੱਢਲੀ ਮਹਾਰਤ</secondary>
  </indexterm>

  <para>For almost every task that you can perform with the mouse, you can use
  the keyboard to perform the same task.  <firstterm>Shortcut keys</firstterm>
  are keys that provide you with a quick way to perform a task.</para>

  <para>You can use shortcut keys to perform general GNOME Desktop tasks and
  to work with interface items such as panels and windows. You can also use
  shortcut keys in applications. To customize your shortcut keys, use the
  <application>Keyboard Shortcuts</application> preference tool.  See
  <xref linkend="prefs-keyboard-shortcuts"/> for more information about
  configuring keyboard shortcuts.</para>

  <note><para>Many PC keyboards come with two special keys for the Windows operating system: a key with a Microsoft Windows™ logo and a key for accessing context menus.</para>
  <para>In GNOME, the Windows key is often configured to
  act as an additional modifier key, called the <firstterm>Super key</firstterm>.
  The context menu key can be used to access the context menu of the selected
  item, just as the <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo>
  keyboard shortcut can.</para></note>

  <para>You can also modify the GNOME Desktop preferences to use keyboard
  accessibility features.  See <xref linkend="prefs-keyboard-a11y"/> for
  more information about the keyboard accessibility features.</para>

  <para>ਹੇਠ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਭਾਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਡੈਸਕਟਾਪ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਰਜ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਇਸਤੇਮਾਲ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ।</para>

  <section id="shortcuts-global">
    <title>ਗਲੋਬਲ ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</title>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosbasic-62"/>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</primary>
      <secondary>ਵਿਆਪਕ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Global shortcut keys enable you to use the keyboard to perform tasks
    related to your desktop, rather than tasks on the currently selected window
    or application.  The following table lists some global shortcut keys:</para>

    <informaltable frame="topbot">
      <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
        <colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="35.67*"/>
        <colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="64.33*"/>
        <thead>
          <row rowsep="1">
            <entry>
              <para>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>ਕੰਮ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para><guimenu>ਕਾਰਜ ਮੇਨੂ</guimenu> ਖੋਲ੍ਹਦਾ ਹੈ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para><guilabel>ਕਾਰਜ ਚਲਾਓ</guilabel> ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਵੇਖਾਉਦਾ ਹੈ। ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਲਈ <xref linkend="tools-run-app"/> ਵੇਖੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>
                <keycap>ਸਕਰੀਨ ਛਾਪੋ</keycap>
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਪੂਰੇ ਡੈਸਕਟਾਪ ਦਾ ਸਕਰੀਨ-ਸ਼ਾਟ ਲਵੋ। ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਲਈ <xref linkend="tools-screenshot"/> ਵੇਖੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>ਸਕਰੀਨ ਛਾਪੋ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਫੋਕਸ ਹੋਏ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਸਕਰੀਨ-ਸ਼ਾਟ ਲੈਣਾ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
                <keycap>ਤੀਰ ਸਵਿੱਚ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Switch to the workspace to the specified direction of the
              current workspace.  See <xref linkend="overview-workspaces"/> for
              more information on working with multiple workspaces.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
                <keycap>D</keycap></keycombo>
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਸਭ ਝਰੋਖਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟੇ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਡੈਸਕਟਾਪ ਉੱਤੇ ਫੋਕਸ ਕਰੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>ਟੈਬ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Switch between windows.  A list of windows that you can
              select is displayed. Release the keys to select a window.  You
              can press the <keycap>Shift</keycap> key to cycle through the
              windows in reverse order.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
                <keycap>ਟੈਬ</keycap></keycombo>
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Switch the focus between the panels and the desktop.
              A list of items that you can select is displayed.  Release the
              keys to select an item.  You can press the <keycap>Shift</keycap>
              key to cycle through the items in reverse order.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>

  <section id="shortcuts-window">
    <title>ਝਰੋਖਾ ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚ</title>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosbasic-58"/>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</primary>
      <secondary>ਝਰੋਖਾ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Window shortcut keys allow you to use the keyboard to perform
    tasks on the currently focused window.  The following table lists
    some window shortcut keys:</para>

    <informaltable frame="topbot">
      <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
        <colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="35.67*"/>
        <colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="64.33*"/>
        <thead>
          <row rowsep="1">
            <entry>
              <para>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>ਕੰਮ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>ਟੈਬ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Switch between windows.  A list of windows that you can
              select is displayed. Release the keys to select a window.  You
              can press the <keycap>Shift</keycap> key to cycle through the
              windows in reverse order.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਫੋਕਸ ਹੋਇਆ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਬੰਦ ਕਰਨਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ, ਜੇ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਹੈ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Move the currently focused window.  After pressing this
              shortcut, you can move the window using either the mouse or
              the arrow keys.  To finish the move, click the mouse or press
              any key on the keyboard.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F8</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>Resize the currently focused window.  After pressing this
              shortcut, you can resize the window using either the mouse or
              the arrow keys.  To finish the resize, click the mouse or press
              any key on the keyboard.</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਛੋਟਾ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਵੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਵੇਖਾਉਣਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>ਸਪੇਸ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਚੁਣੇ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਲਈ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਮੇਨੂ ਖੋਲ੍ਹੋ। ਝਰੋਖਾ ਮੇਨੂ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਹੈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਛੋਟੇ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ, ਵਰਕਸਪੇਸਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਏਧਰ-ਓਧਰ ਅਤੇ ਬੰਦ ਕਰਨਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
                <keycap>ਤੀਰ ਸਵਿੱਚ</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ ਵਰਕਸਪੇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਭੇਜੋ। ਕਈ ਵਰਕਸਪੇਸਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਵੇਖਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ <xref linkend="overview-workspaces"/> ਵੇਖੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>

  <section id="shortcuts-apps">
    <title>ਕਾਰਜ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</title>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosbasic-59"/>
    <anchor id="gosbasic-61"/> <!-- was Panel Shortcut Keys -->

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</primary>
      <secondary>ਕਾਰਜ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>Application shortcut keys enable you to perform application
    tasks. You can use shortcut keys to perform application tasks more
    quickly than if you use a mouse. The following table lists some
    common application shortcut keys:</para>

    <informaltable frame="topbot">
      <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
        <colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="45.00*"/>
        <colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="55.00*"/>
        <thead>
          <row rowsep="1">
            <entry>
              <para>ਸ਼ਾਰਟਕੱਟ ਸਵਿੱਚ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>ਕਾਰਵਾਈ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>N</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਇੱਕ ਨਵਾਂ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਜਾਂ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਬਣਾਓ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>X</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਚੁਣਿਆ ਪਾਠ ਜਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ ਕੱਟਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਲਿੱਪਬੋਰਡ 'ਚ ਰੱਖਣਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਚੁਣਿਆ ਪਾਠ ਜਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ ਕਲਿੱਪਬੋਰਡ 'ਚ ਨਕਲ ਕਰਨਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>V</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਕਲਿੱਪਬੋਰਡ ਦੇ ਭਾਗ ਚੇਪੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Z</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1">
              <para>ਆਖਰੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਵਾਪਿਸ ਲੈਣੀ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>S</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1">
              <para>ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਨੂੰ ਡਿਸਕ ਉੱਤੇ ਸੰਭਾਲੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0">
              <para><keycap>F1</keycap></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1">
              <para>ਕਾਰਜ ਲਈ ਆਨਲਾਇਨ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>

    <para>In addition to these shortcut keys, all applications support a set
    of keys to navigate and work with the user interface.  These keys allow
    you to perform operations that you might normally perform with a mouse.
    The following table describes some interface control keys:</para>

    <informaltable frame="topbot">
      <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
        <colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="45.00*"/>
        <colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="55.00*"/>
        <thead>
          <row rowsep="1">
            <entry>
              <para>ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>ਕਾਰਵਾਈ</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para>ਤੀਰ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ ਜਾਂ <keycap>ਟੈਬ</keycap></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਇੱਕ ਲਿਸਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੰਟਰਫੇਸ ਜਾਂ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਏਧਰ-ਓਧਰ ਜਾਣਾ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycap>Enter</keycap> ਜਾਂ <keycap>spacebar</keycap> ਦੱਬੋ</para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਚੁਣੀ ਇਕਾਈ ਸਰਗਰਮ ਕਰੋ ਜਾਂ ਚੁਣੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycap>F10</keycap></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਕਾਰਜ ਝਰੋਖੇ ਦੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਖੱਬੇ ਮੇਨੂ ਨੂੰ ਸਰਗਰਮ ਕਰੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycombo>
                <keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap>
              </keycombo></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਚੁਣੀ ਇਕਾਈ ਲਈ ਪਰਸੰਗ ਮੇਨੂ ਸਰਗਰਮ ਕਰੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
              <para><keycap>Esc</keycap></para>
            </entry>
            <entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
              <para>ਇੱਕ ਮੇਨੂ ਇਕਾਈ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ ਕੀਤੇ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਮੇਨੂ ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ ਜਾਂ ਇੱਕ ਚੁੱਕਣ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਰੱਦ ਕਰੋ।</para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>

  <section id="shortcuts-access">
    <title>ਅਸੈੱਸ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</title>

    <!-- Maintained for 2.8 compatibility -->
    <anchor id="gosbasic-63"/>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ਅਸੈੱਸ ਸਵਿੱਚਾਂ</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>A <firstterm>menubar</firstterm> is a bar at the top of a window that
    contains the menus for the application.  An <firstterm>access key</firstterm>
    is an underlined letter in a menubar, menu, or dialog that you can use to
    perform an action.  On a menubar, the access key for each menu is
    underlined.</para>

    <para>ਇੱਕ ਮੇਨੂ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣ ਲਈ, <keycap>Alt</keycap> ਸਵਿੱਚ ਦੱਬੋ, ਤਦ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਸਵਿੱਚ ਦੱਬੋ। ਮੇਨੂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਹਰੇਕ ਮੇਨੂ ਇਕਾਈ ਦੀ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਸਵਿੱਚ ਨੂੰ ਹੇਠ ਰੇਖਾ ਨਾਲ ਦਰਸਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਇੱਕ ਮੇਨੂ ਵੇਖਣ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਇੱਕ ਮੇਨੂ ਇਕਾਈ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ, ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਨੂ ਇਕਾਈ ਲਈ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਸਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਦੇ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ।</para>

    <para>ਉਦਾਹਰਨ ਵਜੋਂ, <application>ਸਹਾਇਤਾ</application> ਕਾਰਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਝਰੋਖਾ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣ ਲਈ <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F</keycap></keycombo> ਨੂੰ <guimenu>ਫਾਇਲ</guimenu> ਮੇਨੂ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣ ਲਈ, ਤਦ <keycap>N</keycap> ਨੂੰ <guimenuitem>ਨਵਾਂ ਝਰੋਖਾ</guimenuitem> ਇਕਾਈ ਸਰਗਰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੋਂ।</para>

    <para>You can also use access keys to access elements in a dialog.  In a dialog,
    one letter in most dialog elements is underlined. To access a particular dialog
    element, hold <keycap>Alt</keycap>, then press the access key.</para>
  </section>
</section>

</chapter>
