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## org.apache.commons.math.linear
Class OpenMapRealVector

    java.lang.Object
      org.apache.commons.math.linear.AbstractRealVector
          org.apache.commons.math.linear.OpenMapRealVector

All Implemented Interfaces:
  java.io.Serializable, RealVector, SparseRealVector

    public class OpenMapRealVector

extends AbstractRealVector
implements SparseRealVector, java.io.Serializable

This class implements the `RealVector` interface with a `OpenIntToDoubleHashMap` backing store.

Since:
  2.0
Version:
  $Revision: 925812 $ $Date: 2010-03-21 11:49:31 -0400 (Sun, 21 Mar 2010) $
See Also:
  Serialized Form

Nested Class Summary
`protected class` | `OpenMapRealVector.OpenMapEntry` Implementation of `Entry` optimized for OpenMap.
`protected class` | `OpenMapRealVector.OpenMapSparseIterator` Iterator class to do iteration over just the non-zero elements.

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.apache.commons.math.linear.AbstractRealVector
`AbstractRealVector.EntryImpl, AbstractRealVector.SparseEntryIterator`

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from interface org.apache.commons.math.linear.RealVector
`RealVector.Entry`

Field Summary
`static double` | `DEFAULT_ZERO_TOLERANCE` Default Tolerance for having a value considered zero.
`private OpenIntToDoubleHashMap` | `entries` Entries of the vector.
`private double` | `epsilon` Tolerance for having a value considered zero.
`private static long` | `serialVersionUID` Serializable version identifier.
`private int` | `virtualSize` Dimension of the vector.

Constructor Summary
`` | `OpenMapRealVector()` Build a 0-length vector.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(double[] values)` Create from a double array.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(java.lang.Double[] values)` Create from a Double array.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(double[] values, double epsilon)` Create from a double array, specifying zero tolerance.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(java.lang.Double[] values, double epsilon)` Create from a Double array.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(int dimension)` Construct a (dimension)-length vector of zeros.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(int dimension, double epsilon)` Construct a (dimension)-length vector of zeros, specifying zero tolerance.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(int dimension, int expectedSize)` Build a vector with known the sparseness (for advanced use only).
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(int dimension, int expectedSize, double epsilon)` Build a vector with known the sparseness and zero tolerance setting (for advanced use only).
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(OpenMapRealVector v)` Copy constructor.
`protected` | `OpenMapRealVector(OpenMapRealVector v, int resize)` Build a resized vector, for use with append.
`` | `OpenMapRealVector(RealVector v)` Generic copy constructor.

Method Summary
`OpenMapRealVector` | `add(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to add two OpenMapRealVectors.
`RealVector` | `add(RealVector v)` Compute the sum of this and v.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `append(double d)` Construct a vector by appending a double to this vector.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `append(double[] a)` Construct a vector by appending a double array to this vector.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `append(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to append a OpenMapRealVector.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `append(RealVector v)` Construct a vector by appending a vector to this vector.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `copy()` Returns a (deep) copy of this.
`double` | `dotProduct(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to compute the dot product with an OpenMapRealVector.
`double` | `dotProduct(RealVector v)` Compute the dot product.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `ebeDivide(double[] v)` Element-by-element division.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `ebeDivide(RealVector v)` Element-by-element division.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `ebeMultiply(double[] v)` Element-by-element multiplication.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `ebeMultiply(RealVector v)` Element-by-element multiplication.
`boolean` | `equals(java.lang.Object obj)` Implementation Note: This performs an exact comparison, and as a result it is possible for `a.subtract(b`} to be the zero vector, while `a.equals(b) == false`.
`double[]` | `getData()` Returns vector entries as a double array.
`int` | `getDimension()` Returns the size of the vector.
`double` | `getDistance(double[] v)` Distance between two vectors.
`double` | `getDistance(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to compute distance.
`double` | `getDistance(RealVector v)` Distance between two vectors.
`private OpenIntToDoubleHashMap` | `getEntries()` Get the entries of this instance.
`double` | `getEntry(int index)` Returns the entry in the specified index.
`double` | `getL1Distance(double[] v)` Distance between two vectors.
`double` | `getL1Distance(OpenMapRealVector v)` Distance between two vectors.
`double` | `getL1Distance(RealVector v)` Distance between two vectors.
`double` | `getLInfDistance(double[] v)` Distance between two vectors.
`private double` | `getLInfDistance(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to compute LInfDistance.
`double` | `getLInfDistance(RealVector v)` Distance between two vectors.
`double` | `getSparcity()`
`OpenMapRealVector` | `getSubVector(int index, int n)` Get a subvector from consecutive elements.
`int` | `hashCode()`
`protected boolean` | `isDefaultValue(double value)` Determine if this value is within epsilon of zero.
`boolean` | `isInfinite()` Returns true if any coordinate of this vector is infinite and none are NaN; false otherwise
`boolean` | `isNaN()` Returns true if any coordinate of this vector is NaN; false otherwise
`OpenMapRealVector` | `mapAdd(double d)` Map an addition operation to each entry.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `mapAddToSelf(double d)` Map an addition operation to each entry.
`RealMatrix` | `outerProduct(double[] v)` Compute the outer product.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `projection(double[] v)` Find the orthogonal projection of this vector onto another vector.
`RealVector` | `projection(RealVector v)` Find the orthogonal projection of this vector onto another vector.
`void` | `set(double value)` Set all elements to a single value.
`void` | `setEntry(int index, double value)` Set a single element.
`void` | `setSubVector(int index, double[] v)` Set a set of consecutive elements.
`void` | `setSubVector(int index, RealVector v)` Set a set of consecutive elements.
`java.util.Iterator<RealVector.Entry>` | `sparseIterator()` Specialized implementations may choose to not iterate over all dimensions, either because those values are unset, or are equal to defaultValue(), or are small enough to be ignored for the purposes of iteration.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `subtract(double[] v)` Compute this minus v.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `subtract(OpenMapRealVector v)` Optimized method to subtract OpenMapRealVectors.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `subtract(RealVector v)` Compute this minus v.
`double[]` | `toArray()` Convert the vector to a double array.
`void` | `unitize()` Converts this vector into a unit vector.
`OpenMapRealVector` | `unitVector()` Creates a unit vector pointing in the direction of this vector.

Methods inherited from class org.apache.commons.math.linear.AbstractRealVector
`add, checkIndex, checkVectorDimensions, checkVectorDimensions, dotProduct, getL1Norm, getLInfNorm, getMaxIndex, getMaxValue, getMinIndex, getMinValue, getNorm, iterator, map, mapAbs, mapAbsToSelf, mapAcos, mapAcosToSelf, mapAsin, mapAsinToSelf, mapAtan, mapAtanToSelf, mapCbrt, mapCbrtToSelf, mapCeil, mapCeilToSelf, mapCos, mapCosh, mapCoshToSelf, mapCosToSelf, mapDivide, mapDivideToSelf, mapExp, mapExpm1, mapExpm1ToSelf, mapExpToSelf, mapFloor, mapFloorToSelf, mapInv, mapInvToSelf, mapLog, mapLog10, mapLog10ToSelf, mapLog1p, mapLog1pToSelf, mapLogToSelf, mapMultiply, mapMultiplyToSelf, mapPow, mapPowToSelf, mapRint, mapRintToSelf, mapSignum, mapSignumToSelf, mapSin, mapSinh, mapSinhToSelf, mapSinToSelf, mapSqrt, mapSqrtToSelf, mapSubtract, mapSubtractToSelf, mapTan, mapTanh, mapTanhToSelf, mapTanToSelf, mapToSelf, mapUlp, mapUlpToSelf, outerProduct`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Methods inherited from interface org.apache.commons.math.linear.RealVector
`add, dotProduct, getL1Norm, getLInfNorm, getNorm, iterator, map, mapAbs, mapAbsToSelf, mapAcos, mapAcosToSelf, mapAsin, mapAsinToSelf, mapAtan, mapAtanToSelf, mapCbrt, mapCbrtToSelf, mapCeil, mapCeilToSelf, mapCos, mapCosh, mapCoshToSelf, mapCosToSelf, mapDivide, mapDivideToSelf, mapExp, mapExpm1, mapExpm1ToSelf, mapExpToSelf, mapFloor, mapFloorToSelf, mapInv, mapInvToSelf, mapLog, mapLog10, mapLog10ToSelf, mapLog1p, mapLog1pToSelf, mapLogToSelf, mapMultiply, mapMultiplyToSelf, mapPow, mapPowToSelf, mapRint, mapRintToSelf, mapSignum, mapSignumToSelf, mapSin, mapSinh, mapSinhToSelf, mapSinToSelf, mapSqrt, mapSqrtToSelf, mapSubtract, mapSubtractToSelf, mapTan, mapTanh, mapTanhToSelf, mapTanToSelf, mapToSelf, mapUlp, mapUlpToSelf, outerProduct`

Field Detail

### DEFAULT_ZERO_TOLERANCE

    public static final double DEFAULT_ZERO_TOLERANCE

  Default Tolerance for having a value considered zero.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### serialVersionUID

    private static final long serialVersionUID

  Serializable version identifier.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### entries

    private final OpenIntToDoubleHashMap entries

  Entries of the vector.

### virtualSize

    private final int virtualSize

  Dimension of the vector.

### epsilon

    private double epsilon

  Tolerance for having a value considered zero.

Constructor Detail

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector()

  Build a 0-length vector.

  Zero-length vectors may be used to initialized construction of vectors by data gathering. We start with zero-length and use either the `OpenMapRealVector(OpenMapRealVector, int)` constructor or one of the `append` method (`append(double)`, `append(double[])`, `append(RealVector)`) to gather data into this vector.

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(int dimension)

  Construct a (dimension)-length vector of zeros.

  Parameters:
    `dimension` - size of the vector

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(int dimension,
                             double epsilon)

  Construct a (dimension)-length vector of zeros, specifying zero tolerance.

  Parameters:
    `dimension` - Size of the vector
    `epsilon` - The tolerance for having a value considered zero

### OpenMapRealVector

    protected OpenMapRealVector(OpenMapRealVector v,
                                int resize)

  Build a resized vector, for use with append.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The original vector
    `resize` - The amount to resize it

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(int dimension,
                             int expectedSize)

  Build a vector with known the sparseness (for advanced use only).

  Parameters:
    `dimension` - The size of the vector
    `expectedSize` - The expected number of non-zero entries

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(int dimension,
                             int expectedSize,
                             double epsilon)

  Build a vector with known the sparseness and zero tolerance setting (for advanced use only).

  Parameters:
    `dimension` - The size of the vector
    `expectedSize` - The expected number of non-zero entries
    `epsilon` - The tolerance for having a value considered zero

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(double[] values)

  Create from a double array. Only non-zero entries will be stored

  Parameters:
    `values` - The set of values to create from

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(double[] values,
                             double epsilon)

  Create from a double array, specifying zero tolerance. Only non-zero entries will be stored

  Parameters:
    `values` - The set of values to create from
    `epsilon` - The tolerance for having a value considered zero

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(java.lang.Double[] values)

  Create from a Double array. Only non-zero entries will be stored

  Parameters:
    `values` - The set of values to create from

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(java.lang.Double[] values,
                             double epsilon)

  Create from a Double array. Only non-zero entries will be stored

  Parameters:
    `values` - The set of values to create from
    `epsilon` - The tolerance for having a value considered zero

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(OpenMapRealVector v)

  Copy constructor.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The instance to copy from

### OpenMapRealVector

    public OpenMapRealVector(RealVector v)

  Generic copy constructor.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The instance to copy from

Method Detail

### getEntries

    private OpenIntToDoubleHashMap getEntries()

  Get the entries of this instance.

  Returns:
    entries of this instance

### isDefaultValue

    protected boolean isDefaultValue(double value)

  Determine if this value is within epsilon of zero.

  Parameters:
    `value` - The value to test
  Returns:
    `true` if this value is within epsilon to zero, `false` otherwise
  Since:
    2.1

### add

    public RealVector add(RealVector v)
                   throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Compute the sum of this and v.

  Specified by:
    `add` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `add` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to be added
  Returns:
    this + v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### add

    public OpenMapRealVector add(OpenMapRealVector v)
                          throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Optimized method to add two OpenMapRealVectors. Copies the larger vector, iterates over the smaller.

  Parameters:
    `v` - Vector to add with
  Returns:
    The sum of `this` with `v`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If the dimensions don't match

### append

    public OpenMapRealVector append(OpenMapRealVector v)

  Optimized method to append a OpenMapRealVector.

  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to append
  Returns:
    The result of appending `v` to self

### append

    public OpenMapRealVector append(RealVector v)

  Construct a vector by appending a vector to this vector.

  Specified by:
    `append` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to append to this one.
  Returns:
    a new vector

### append

    public OpenMapRealVector append(double d)

  Construct a vector by appending a double to this vector.

  Specified by:
    `append` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `d` - double to append.
  Returns:
    a new vector

### append

    public OpenMapRealVector append(double[] a)

  Construct a vector by appending a double array to this vector.

  Specified by:
    `append` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `a` - double array to append.
  Returns:
    a new vector

### copy

    public OpenMapRealVector copy()

  Returns a (deep) copy of this.

  Specified by:
    `copy` in interface `RealVector`
  Specified by:
    `copy` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Returns:
    vector copy
  Since:
    2.1

### dotProduct

    public double dotProduct(OpenMapRealVector v)
                      throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Optimized method to compute the dot product with an OpenMapRealVector. Iterates over the smaller of the two.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The vector to compute the dot product with
  Returns:
    The dot product of `this` and `v`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If the dimensions don't match

### dotProduct

    public double dotProduct(RealVector v)
                      throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Compute the dot product.

  Specified by:
    `dotProduct` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `dotProduct` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector with which dot product should be computed
  Returns:
    the scalar dot product between instance and v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### ebeDivide

    public OpenMapRealVector ebeDivide(RealVector v)
                                throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Element-by-element division.

  Specified by:
    `ebeDivide` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector by which instance elements must be divided
  Returns:
    a vector containing this[i] / v[i] for all i
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### ebeDivide

    public OpenMapRealVector ebeDivide(double[] v)
                                throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Element-by-element division.

  Specified by:
    `ebeDivide` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `ebeDivide` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector by which instance elements must be divided
  Returns:
    a vector containing this[i] / v[i] for all i
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### ebeMultiply

    public OpenMapRealVector ebeMultiply(RealVector v)
                                  throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Element-by-element multiplication.

  Specified by:
    `ebeMultiply` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector by which instance elements must be multiplied
  Returns:
    a vector containing this[i] * v[i] for all i
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### ebeMultiply

    public OpenMapRealVector ebeMultiply(double[] v)
                                  throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Element-by-element multiplication.

  Specified by:
    `ebeMultiply` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `ebeMultiply` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector by which instance elements must be multiplied
  Returns:
    a vector containing this[i] * v[i] for all i
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### getSubVector

    public OpenMapRealVector getSubVector(int index,
                                          int n)
                                   throws MatrixIndexException

  Get a subvector from consecutive elements.

  Specified by:
    `getSubVector` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `index` - index of first element.
    `n` - number of elements to be retrieved.
  Returns:
    a vector containing n elements.
  Throws:
    `MatrixIndexException` - if the index is inconsistent with vector size

### getData

    public double[] getData()

  Returns vector entries as a double array.

  Specified by:
    `getData` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getData` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Returns:
    double array of entries

### getDimension

    public int getDimension()

  Returns the size of the vector.

  Specified by:
    `getDimension` in interface `RealVector`
  Returns:
    size

### getDistance

    public double getDistance(OpenMapRealVector v)
                       throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Optimized method to compute distance.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The vector to compute distance to
  Returns:
    The distance from `this` and `v`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If the dimensions don't match

### getDistance

    public double getDistance(RealVector v)
                       throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with the L2 norm, i.e. the square root of the sum of elements differences, or euclidian distance.

  Specified by:
    `getDistance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getDistance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getL1Distance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getLInfDistance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getNorm()`

### getDistance

    public double getDistance(double[] v)
                       throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with the L2 norm, i.e. the square root of the sum of elements differences, or euclidian distance.

  Specified by:
    `getDistance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getDistance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getL1Distance(double[])`, `RealVector.getLInfDistance(double[])`, `RealVector.getNorm()`

### getEntry

    public double getEntry(int index)
                    throws MatrixIndexException

  Returns the entry in the specified index.

  The index start at 0 and must be lesser than the size, otherwise a `MatrixIndexException` is thrown.

  Specified by:
    `getEntry` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `index` - index location of entry to be fetched
  Returns:
    vector entry at index
  Throws:
    `MatrixIndexException` - if the index is not valid
  See Also:
    `RealVector.setEntry(int, double)`

### getL1Distance

    public double getL1Distance(OpenMapRealVector v)

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with L1 norm, i.e. the sum of the absolute values of elements differences.

  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.

### getL1Distance

    public double getL1Distance(RealVector v)
                         throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with L1 norm, i.e. the sum of the absolute values of elements differences.

  Specified by:
    `getL1Distance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getL1Distance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getDistance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getLInfDistance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getL1Norm()`

### getL1Distance

    public double getL1Distance(double[] v)
                         throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with L1 norm, i.e. the sum of the absolute values of elements differences.

  Specified by:
    `getL1Distance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getL1Distance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getDistance(double[])`, `RealVector.getLInfDistance(double[])`, `RealVector.getL1Norm()`

### getLInfDistance

    private double getLInfDistance(OpenMapRealVector v)

  Optimized method to compute LInfDistance.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The vector to compute from
  Returns:
    the LInfDistance

### getLInfDistance

    public double getLInfDistance(RealVector v)
                           throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with L∞ norm, i.e. the max of the absolute values of elements differences.

  Specified by:
    `getLInfDistance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getLInfDistance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getDistance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getL1Distance(RealVector)`, `RealVector.getLInfNorm()`

### getLInfDistance

    public double getLInfDistance(double[] v)
                           throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Distance between two vectors.

  This method computes the distance consistent with L∞ norm, i.e. the max of the absolute values of elements differences.

  Specified by:
    `getLInfDistance` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `getLInfDistance` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to which distance is requested
  Returns:
    distance between two vectors.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getDistance(double[])`, `RealVector.getL1Distance(double[])`, `RealVector.getLInfNorm()`

### isInfinite

    public boolean isInfinite()

  Returns true if any coordinate of this vector is infinite and none are NaN; false otherwise

  Specified by:
    `isInfinite` in interface `RealVector`
  Returns:
    true if any coordinate of this vector is infinite and none are NaN; false otherwise

### isNaN

    public boolean isNaN()

  Returns true if any coordinate of this vector is NaN; false otherwise

  Specified by:
    `isNaN` in interface `RealVector`
  Returns:
    true if any coordinate of this vector is NaN; false otherwise

### mapAdd

    public OpenMapRealVector mapAdd(double d)

  Map an addition operation to each entry.

  Specified by:
    `mapAdd` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `mapAdd` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `d` - value to be added to each entry
  Returns:
    this + d

### mapAddToSelf

    public OpenMapRealVector mapAddToSelf(double d)

  Map an addition operation to each entry.

  The instance is changed by this method.

  Specified by:
    `mapAddToSelf` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `mapAddToSelf` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `d` - value to be added to each entry
  Returns:
    for convenience, return this

### outerProduct

    public RealMatrix outerProduct(double[] v)
                            throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Compute the outer product.

  Specified by:
    `outerProduct` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `outerProduct` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector with which outer product should be computed
  Returns:
    the square matrix outer product between instance and v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### projection

    public RealVector projection(RealVector v)
                          throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Find the orthogonal projection of this vector onto another vector.

  Specified by:
    `projection` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector onto which instance must be projected
  Returns:
    projection of the instance onto v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### projection

    public OpenMapRealVector projection(double[] v)
                                 throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Find the orthogonal projection of this vector onto another vector.

  Specified by:
    `projection` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `projection` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector onto which instance must be projected
  Returns:
    projection of the instance onto v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### setEntry

    public void setEntry(int index,
                         double value)
                  throws MatrixIndexException

  Set a single element.

  Specified by:
    `setEntry` in interface `RealVector`
  Parameters:
    `index` - element index.
    `value` - new value for the element.
  Throws:
    `MatrixIndexException` - if the index is inconsistent with vector size
  See Also:
    `RealVector.getEntry(int)`

### setSubVector

    public void setSubVector(int index,
                             RealVector v)
                      throws MatrixIndexException

  Set a set of consecutive elements.

  Specified by:
    `setSubVector` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `setSubVector` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `index` - index of first element to be set.
    `v` - vector containing the values to set.
  Throws:
    `MatrixIndexException` - if the index is inconsistent with vector size
  See Also:
    `RealVector.setSubVector(int, double[])`

### setSubVector

    public void setSubVector(int index,
                             double[] v)
                      throws MatrixIndexException

  Set a set of consecutive elements.

  Specified by:
    `setSubVector` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `setSubVector` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `index` - index of first element to be set.
    `v` - vector containing the values to set.
  Throws:
    `MatrixIndexException` - if the index is inconsistent with vector size
  See Also:
    `RealVector.setSubVector(int, RealVector)`

### set

    public void set(double value)

  Set all elements to a single value.

  Specified by:
    `set` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `set` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `value` - single value to set for all elements

### subtract

    public OpenMapRealVector subtract(OpenMapRealVector v)
                               throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Optimized method to subtract OpenMapRealVectors.

  Parameters:
    `v` - The vector to subtract from `this`
  Returns:
    The difference of `this` and `v`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If the dimensions don't match

### subtract

    public OpenMapRealVector subtract(RealVector v)
                               throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Compute this minus v.

  Specified by:
    `subtract` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `subtract` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to be subtracted
  Returns:
    this + v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### subtract

    public OpenMapRealVector subtract(double[] v)
                               throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Compute this minus v.

  Specified by:
    `subtract` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `subtract` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Parameters:
    `v` - vector to be subtracted
  Returns:
    this + v
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if v is not the same size as this

### unitVector

    public OpenMapRealVector unitVector()

  Creates a unit vector pointing in the direction of this vector.

  The instance is not changed by this method.

  Specified by:
    `unitVector` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `unitVector` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Returns:
    a unit vector pointing in direction of this vector

### unitize

    public void unitize()

  Converts this vector into a unit vector.

  The instance itself is changed by this method.

  Specified by:
    `unitize` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `unitize` in class `AbstractRealVector`

### toArray

    public double[] toArray()

  Convert the vector to a double array.

  The array is independent from vector data, it's elements are copied.

  Specified by:
    `toArray` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `toArray` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Returns:
    array containing a copy of vector elements

### hashCode

    public int hashCode()

  Implementation Note: This works on exact values, and as a result it is possible for `a.subtract(b)` to be the zero vector, while `a.hashCode() != b.hashCode()`.

  Overrides:
    `hashCode` in class `java.lang.Object`

### equals

    public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)

  Implementation Note: This performs an exact comparison, and as a result it is possible for `a.subtract(b`} to be the zero vector, while `a.equals(b) == false`.

  Overrides:
    `equals` in class `java.lang.Object`

### getSparcity

    public double getSparcity()

  Returns:
    the percentage of none zero elements as a decimal percent.

### sparseIterator

    public java.util.Iterator<RealVector.Entry> sparseIterator()

  Specialized implementations may choose to not iterate over all dimensions, either because those values are unset, or are equal to defaultValue(), or are small enough to be ignored for the purposes of iteration. No guarantees are made about order of iteration. In dense implementations, this method will often delegate to `RealVector.iterator()`

  Specified by:
    `sparseIterator` in interface `RealVector`
  Overrides:
    `sparseIterator` in class `AbstractRealVector`
  Returns:
    a sparse iterator

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