# 磁碟用量分析器使用手冊

磁碟用量分析器是一個具有圖形與選單的檢視器，它可以讓您觀看和監控您的磁碟用量與資料夾的結構。

2006
Fabio Marzocca
2008.
H45 (jimah45abmw@hotmail.com)
GNOME 文件計劃

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2. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER IN TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE AUTHOR, INITIAL WRITER, ANY CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO USE OF THE DOCUMENT AND MODIFIED VERSIONS OF THE DOCUMENT, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Fabio
Marzocca
GNOME 文件計劃

     thesaltydog@gmail.com

Fabio
Marzocca

    thesaltydog@gmail.com

磁碟用量分析器使用手冊 1.0 版
2006 年四月

Emmanuele Bassi ebassi@gmail.com

GNOME 文件計劃

這本手冊所描述的是 2.15 版的磁碟用量分析器。

## 回饋

要回報對磁碟用量分析器程式或本手冊的錯誤或建議，請參考 GNOME 回饋網頁 裡的指引。

## 介紹

磁碟用量分析器 是一個具有圖形與選單的應用程式，它可以在任何的 Gnome 環境下分析磁碟的用量。 磁碟用量分析器 能夠很輕易地掃描整個檔案系統的樹狀結構或是使用者指定的資料夾位置（不管是本地還是遠端）。

它也會自動且即時地偵測在您的家目錄所發生的任何掛載與卸載之變更。 磁碟用量分析器 也為每個選擇的資料夾提供了完整的圖樣化的樹狀圖之視窗。

## 開始使用

磁碟用量分析器 能夠以三種方式啟動：

- 從 Gnome 選單列 應用程式附屬應用程式；

- 從終端機視窗；

- 從 Nautilus "以...開啟"；

如果您想要從終端機視窗開啟 磁碟用量分析器 ，請打：

`baobab <full_path_to_a_directory>`，然後按下 Return。

如果從 Gnome 選單列啟動， 磁碟用量分析器 就會開始執行，並且進入一個待命的狀態，等候使用者的動作。

當您從 Gnome 選單列啟動了 磁碟用量分析器 ，會顯示下面的視窗。

### 磁碟用量分析器的視窗

展現磁碟用量分析器的主視窗。包含著選單列、展示區域、捲動條、狀態列。

使用者接下來可以：

- 啟動完整的檔案系統掃描；

- 選擇一個本地的資料夾來掃描

- 選擇一個遠端的伺服器與資料夾來掃描

- 修改偏好設定

## 使用方式

### 完整的檔案系統掃描

想要啟動完整的檔案系統掃描的話，請在選單列中選擇 分析器掃描檔案系統 ，或者在工具列按下 掃描檔案系統 按鈕。

掃描的工作一結束，您馬上就可以得到一棵完整的檔案系統樹，就像是下面這張圖片中的樹一樣。

#### 磁碟用量分析器之完整的檔案系統掃描

展現磁碟用量分析器之完整的檔案系統掃描的視窗。包含著選單列、展示區域、捲動條、狀態列。

當您執行了完整的檔案系統掃描之後， 磁碟用量分析器 的視窗將會在掃描檔案系統的同時畫出一棵樹。如果有任何分割區被掛載到檔案系統的話，它也會被掃描。

磁碟用量分析器 會在目錄樹上面顯示它被分配了多少磁碟空間。這意味著顯示的大小是實際的磁碟用量，而不是資料夾表面上的用量。如果您想要觀看檔案表面上的大小，請不要勾選 顯示已分配空間 .

Disk Usage Analyzer will not count the /proc dir, nor any file size that is not related to a "plain" file, so symlinks, character blocks, device blocks will not be part of the directory size.

硬連結 (hard-links) 以不同的方式來管理：第一個硬連結以普通的檔案來計算，而其指向相同 inode device 的子連結們則不列入總合的計算內，但是它們所佔的空間還是會在視窗右手邊的欄位中標示出來。

### 單一資料夾的掃描

想要啟動單一資料夾的掃描，請在選單列中選擇 分析器掃描資料夾...，或是在工具列中按下 掃描資料夾 按鈕。

### 遠端掃描

如果您需要掃描遠端的伺服器資料夾，只要在工具列上點擊 掃描遠端資料夾 或是在選單列上選擇 分析器掃描遠端資料夾... 然後您將會看見以下的對話盒。 磁碟用量分析器 能夠藉由 ssh、ftp、smb、http、https 連線到伺服器。

#### 磁碟用量分析器之遠端資料夾的掃描

展現磁碟用量分析器之遠端資料夾對話盒視窗

## 偏好設定

想要改變 磁碟用量分析器 應用程式的偏好設定，請選擇 修改偏好設定。

### 磁碟用量分析器之偏好設定視窗

偏好設定視窗

### 選擇系統掃描時包括的裝置

在偏好設定視窗的第一個部分中列出了所有已掛載的裝置。點擊核選方塊來加入或排除需要被掃描的分割區。

掛載於 "/" 的裝置無法被排除於掃描之外。

### 監視個人資料夾的變更

如果這個選項被勾選的話， 磁碟用量分析器 每隔一段時間將會監視家目錄任何的外部變化，如果發現有新增或是移除的檔案，就會警告使用者。

## 樹狀圖

樹狀圖 的概念在 90 年代就已經被 Ben Shneiderman 發展出來了。請閱讀他 在樹狀圖的觀點.

### 磁碟用量分析器之樹狀圖視窗

樹狀圖的理論。展現兩張樹狀圖的圖案。

上圖展現了一個樹狀圖理論的例子。每個節點（就像是展現在樹狀圖案的那樣）有一個名字（一個字母）和一個關聯的大小（一個數字）。一個樹葉的大小也許可以表示一個檔案的大小，而其他非樹葉的大小就是孩子們的大小總合。

樹狀圖是從一開始的矩形藉由遞迴的子分割所建構出來的。每個子矩形的大小對應於每個節點的大小。子分割的方向會不斷地改變：第一次是水平的，然後是垂直的，以此類推。結果，一開始的矩形會被分割成許多小塊小塊的矩形，而這些矩形的大小正好反應著樹葉的大小。這棵樹的結構也反應著樹狀圖，這正是它建構之後的結果。顏色和註解可以用來提供樹葉一些額外的資訊。

顯示大小是最重要的功能時，樹狀圖是非常有效的。

## Ringschart

Ringschart is a graphical representation of the disk usage by a concrete folder. When launching the application, it is notified the usage of the file system as it can be seen in the next figure:

### Disk Usage Analyzer showing a ringschart with the file system usage

After launching the application, it is showed the file system usage. Graphical representation on the right.

When you start scanning a folder, the tree of subfolders is created and listed on the left side. Each row contains information for the name, how much space it is taking up (percentage and size in KB, MB or GB) and the number of items (adding files and directories). When this process ends up, the Ringschart is drawn on the right side. If you stop it before it has been completed, only a partial representation is done based on the directories whose usage was computed.

### Disk Usage Analyzer showing a ringschart with the usage of a folder

After scanning a folder.

The Ringschart is composed of a set of nested rings around a central circle. This circle symbolizes the root folder of the partial tree (that is, the folder that the user has selected for scanning). Each ring represents a level in the partial tree, so i.e. the subfolders of the root folder will be represented in the first ring, and deeper levels in the tree correspond to outer rings in the chart. Each subfolder is represented by a sector of the ring, its angle being proportional to the size of the folder's contents, and painted with a different color to ease visualization. Up to five levels can be drawn; in case that a folder in that last fifth level contains even more subfolders, this situation will be pointed by the presence of a black curve close to the edge of that folder's ring sector. When a folder with no further subfolders is selected to be the root of the partial tree, only the inner circle will be drawn. When the mouse pointer hovers one of the folders in the graphic, it will be highlighted and a tooltip will appears with information about its name and size. If there are any subfolders, small grey tooltips will appear, indicating their names. It's possible that not all of the subfolders' names are displayed, to avoid overlappings.

You can go up and down the rows in the list (optionally expanding those with subfolders), the graphic representation will change using the selected folder as the root of the partial tree to be represented. The folders can also be navigated from the ringschart itself. If you click with the left button of your mouse inside a folder, you'll move deeper by setting the root of the graphic to that folder. If you press the middle button (no matter the place as long as you click inside the ringschart frame) you'll get the opposite behaviour, going back one step in the hierarchy.

The percentage of its parent's radius that is used by a given folder is directly proportional to the relation between it's own size and its parent's. It's easy to understand that the size of a folder is equal or smaller than its parent's. Although only directories are shown in this graphical representation, files are taken into account to calculate the amount of space occupied by folders.