R4RS Appendix  (define-syntax <keyword> <transformer>)     ==>  unspecific
S9fES          (define-syntax <symbol> <procedure>)        ==>  unspecific
S9fES          (define-syntax (<sym1> <sym2> ...) <body>)  ==>  unspecific

Syntax: The <keyword> is an identifier, and <transformer> should be
an instance of SYNTAX-RULES.

Semantics: The top-level syntactic environment is extended by binding
the <keyword> to the specified transformer.

(define-syntax let*
  (syntax-rules ()
    ((let* () body1 body2 ...)
     (let () body1 body2 ...))
    ((let* ((name1 val1) (name2 val2) ...)
       body1 body2 ...)
     (let ((name1 val1))
       (let* ((name2 val2) ...)
         body1 body2 ...)))))

In addition to the above the DEFINE-SYNTAX implementation of S9fES
allows to bind an ordinary procedure to a syntatic keyword. Its forms
are similar to those of DEFINE. The first form binds a <symbol> to a
<procedure>, which is specified as its second argument. The other form
binds <sym1> to the form

(lambda (<sym2> ...) <body>).

The procedures bound by DEFINE-SYNTAX may be variadic.

Procedures bound by DEFINE-SYNTAX are commonly called "macros". They
receive their arguments in textual (unevaluated) form and they are
called at "read time." When an expression containing a macro application
is being read, the macro is applied to its arguments before the
containing expression is evaluated. The application of the macro is
replaced by the value returned by the macro.

(define-syntax when
  (lambda (pred . conseq)
    `(if ,pred (begin ,@conseq))))

(when (= 1 1)
      (display "true")
      #t)               ==>  #t

Macros may not recurse directly, but they may implement recursion
internally using LETREC or by rewriting their own applications. The
following macro, for example, does not work, because D is undefined
in the body of D:

(define-syntax (d x) (and (pair? x) (d (cdr x)))) ; WRONG!

The following version does work, though, because the macro gets
rewritten to another application of itself, which is subsequently
evaluated:

(define-syntax (d x) (and (pair? x) `(d ,(cdr x)))) ; OK
