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# SMAP connection negotiation

It is possible to have a server that handles both IMAP4rev1 and SMAP1. This is done by establishing the initial SMAP1 client/server connection in a manner that's compatible with IMAP. When the server receives a connection from a client, the server sends the following reply:

* OK [CAPABILITY `capabilitylist`] `message`

NOTE: | Servers that offer both IMAP and SMAP must terminate the initial reply with CRLF. SMAP-only servers can use the LF character alone.

"`message`" is free-form text, that identifies the server software in human-readable format. "`capabilitylist`" is a list of keywords that describe the server's technical implementation. Keywords in the list are separated by whitespace. Clients should separate whitespace-delimited "`capabilitylist`" into individual keywords. Multiple keywords may occur in any order, and clients must search the entire list for keywords the client understands.

The presence of the `SMAP1` keyword specifies that the server implements the protocol defined by this document. Absence of the `SMAP1` keyword indicates that the server is probably an IMAP server. Clients that support both SMAP and IMAP protocol can automatically revert to IMAP, if they so choose.

The server's initial reply to the client may include the "`message`" part only, without a leading keyword capability list inside. This indicates that the server is only an IMAP server, and does not support SMAP.

"`capabilitylist`" may include additional keywords besides `SMAP1`. This document defines the following keywords. Other keywords may be added in the future. SMAP clients coded to this specification should ignore keywords they do not recognize.

STARTTLS

  This SMAP server supports an SSL/TLS connection, via the STARTTLS command.

AUTH=`mechanism`

  This SMAP server supports the "`mechanism`" authentication mechanism, as defined by RFC 2060, and its successors.

LANG=`language`

  This SMAP1 server can return diagnostic messages in the natural language "`language`". "`language`" is a language tag defined by RFC 1766. A multilingual SMAP server lists multiple `LANG` keywords, one keyword for each language.

KEYWORDS

  The SMAP1 server supports user-defined per-message `KEYWORDS` attributes.

NOTE:

The `STARTTLS` and `AUTH` keywords are also used by IMAP in the same way. IMAP does not define the `LANG` keyword (there is an optional extension to the base IMAP protocol specification that is functionally similar, but not compatible, with this definition). At this time, `LANG` does not introduce interoperability issues with IMAP. IMAP also does not define `KEYWORD`, a similar functionality is indicated by the `PERMANENTFLAGS` untagged reply.

In the future, there's a small chance that a new IMAP protocol extension or revision may not be compatible with the `LANG` or `KEYWORDS` capability keywords, or any other SMAP capability keyword. Should this occur, the next revision of this document will remove `LANG` or `KEYWORD` (or another incompatible keyword) from the initial capability list. The client should issue the "`\SMAP1 CAPABILITY`" command to retrieve an SMAP1-specific capability list that includes the complete SMAP capability keyword list.

Should IMAP introduce an interoperability issue with the `SMAP1` keyword itself, it will be replaced by another keyword.

Example:

S: * OK [CAPABILITY SMAP1 KEYWORDSAUTH=CRAM-MD5 STARTTLS
LANG=EN LANG=EN-US IMAP4rev1] SMAP/IMAP hybrid server ready

## IMAP/SMAP protocol selection

The first word of IMAP commands is an arbitrary command identification tag. The first set of SMAP commands, that set up and log in to the mail account, are prefixed by the word `"\SMAP1"`. The backslash character is not allowed in IMAP command identification tags. A server that implements both IMAP and SMAP reads the first whitespace-delimited word of the first command it receives. If the first word in `"\SMAP1"` the server knows that the client is using SMAP. Subsequent server replies will now be SMAP replies. Otherwise, the first word must be an IMAP command identification tag, so the server reverts to IMAP mode for this client connection.

## SMAP capability list

The server responds to this command with a "`* CAPABILITY`" single line reply. The remaining words in the reply enumerate SMAP capabilities supported by the server. Example:

C: \SMAP1 CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY SMAP1 AUTH=CRAM-MD5 STARTTLS LANG=EN LANG=EN-US IMAP4rev1
S: +OK SMAP1 capability list complete.

The server should reply with the same capability list as the initial `* OK` message.

## Enabling encryption

The `STARTTLS` capability indicates that the server is capable of encrypting the connection between the client and the server. See RFC 2595 for some additional comments on using TLS with mail-related protocols.

SSL/TLS negotiation begins immediately after the client receives a successfull status reply from the server. Example:

C: \SMAP1 STARTTLS
S: +OK Ready to accept an encrypted SMAP1 connection
[ TLS negotiation occurs ]

## Language selection

This command instructs the server to send all subsequent messages in a different natural language. Example:

C: \SMAP1 LANGUAGE FR
S: +OK Bonjour

The specified language must be one of the languages enumerated in the capability list.

NOTE: | The UTF-8 character set is used for all languages.

## Userid/password login

The `\SMAP1 LOGIN` command initiates a simple userid/password login sequence. The third word of this command is the login userid, the fourth word is the login password. The server's status reply indicates whether the supplied credentials were accepted. Example:

C: \SMAP1 LOGIN joneil p3r472
S: -ERR Login invalid
C: \SMAP1 LOGIN joneil p2r798
S: +OK Logged in

## SASL login

The "`\SMAP1 AUTHENTICATE`" command initiates a generic SASL-based login mechanism. The third word of this command specifies the SASL authentication mechanism, which must be one of the `AUTH` mechanism listed in the server's capability list. The subsequent SASL conversation, if any, is identical to an IMAP SASL conversation: each server challenge is sent as a line of text that starts with the `>` character, whitespace filler, then the base64-encoded server challenge. The client replies with a line of text containing the base64-encoded reply. Example:

C: \SMAP1 AUTHENTICATE LOGIN
S: > VXNlciBOYW1lAA==
C: bWl0bGlz
S: > UGFzc3dvcmQA
C: Zmxvc2pidw==
S: +OK Logged in

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