i.tape.other(1) 	      Grass User's Manual	       i.tape.other(1)



NNAAMMEE
       ii..ttaappee..ootthheerr   -  An  imagery  function	that  extracts	scanned aerial
       imagery (NHAP, etc.) and satellite imagery (TM, SPOT, etc)  from  half-
       inch or 8mm tape.
       _(_G_R_A_S_S _I_m_a_g_e _P_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_n_g _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_)

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       ii..ttaappee..ootthheerr

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r is a generic program that extracts imagery from tape using
       the tape description that is input by the user.


       This program must be run in a LOCATION_NAME with a x,y coordinate  sys-
       tem  (i.e., a coordinate system with projection 0).  For further infor-
       mation regarding this LOCATION_NAME  refer  to  the  manual  entry  for
       _i_m_a_g_e_r_y.


       The  first  prompt  in  _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r  asks the user for the tape device
       name.  This is sometimes  /dev/rmt0 (for a density of 1600),  but  this
       varies with each machine.


       The next prompt is:
       Please mount and load tape, then hit RETURN


IIMMAAGGEE IIDDEENNTTIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN MMEENNUU
       The  first  menu in the program asks the user for information about the
       data.
	     please enter the following information

       Tape Identification:				__

       Image Description:				__

       Title for the Extracted Raster (Cell) Files:	__

       AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS, HIT <ESC> TO CONTINUE
		     (OR <Ctrl-C> TO CANCEL)


TTAAPPEE LLAAYYOOUUTT MMEENNUU
       The next menu asks for the physical layout of the tape.
				  GENERIC TAPE EXTRACTION

       tape layout
	   0__	     number of tape files to be skipped
	   0__	     number of records in the remaining files to
		     be skipped
       band files
	   0__	     number of bands on the tape
       data format
	   ___	     band sequential (BSQ)  |  mark one with an x
	   ___	     band interleaved (BIL) |
	   0__	     if you select BSQ format and all the bands are
		     in a single file, enter the total number of records
		     in the file. Otherwise enter 0
	   0__	     length (in bytes) of the longest record on the tape
	   1__	     blocking factor of data in the file

		    AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS, HIT <ESC> TO CONTINUE
				  (OR <Ctrl-C> TO CANCEL)


       _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _t_a_p_e _f_i_l_e_s _t_o _b_e _s_k_i_p_p_e_d
	      If there are files at the beginning of the tape  which  are  not
	      image  data,  they  can  be  skipped. Sometimes information that
	      comes with a tape will indicate the number of  header  files  or
	      records on the tape.  The GRASS utility _m_._e_x_a_m_i_n_e_._t_a_p_e will also
	      provide this information.  The _r_e_c_o_r_d _l_e_n_g_t_h is  the  number  of
	      columns  in the image, while the _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _r_e_c_o_r_d_s is the number
	      of rows in the image (not always correct, see _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g _f_a_c_t_o_r _o_f
	      _d_a_t_a  _i_n	_t_h_e _f_i_l_e below). NHAP imagery and usually most scanned
	      aerial imagery do not have tape header files, but this should be
	      checked.	 TM  imagery has one header file that contains imagery
	      format of data files and parameters of  data  aquisition.   SPOT
	      imagery  has two files that should be skipped on the first tape,
	      and one file to be skipped on the second	tape  (of  a  two-tape
	      set).

       _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _r_e_c_o_r_d_s _i_n _t_h_e _r_e_m_a_i_n_i_n_g _f_i_l_e_s _t_o _b_e _s_k_i_p_p_e_d
	      If  the files which contain the image begin with non-image data,
	      these records can also be skipped.  This is usually 0  for  most
	      data types. SPOT imagery stored in 1600bpi has one header record
	      in the image file on each tape that should be skipped.

       _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _b_a_n_d_s _o_n _t_h_e _t_a_p_e
	      Most aerial imagery have 3 bands, but satellite  simulator  data
	      may have more.  TM data has seven bands and SPOT has three bands
	      as a standard, respectively. The total number of	bands  on  the
	      tape  should be specified here, not just the number that will be
	      extracted.

       _d_a_t_a _f_o_r_m_a_t
	      The two formats that imagery data are most  commonly  stored  in
	      are  called  _b_a_n_d  _i_n_t_e_r_l_e_a_v_e_d  format (BIL) and _b_a_n_d _s_e_q_u_e_n_t_i_a_l
	      format (BSQ).  In BIL format, each record on the	tape  contains
	      one  line  for  one  band  of  data.  If the data contains three
	      bands, then the first five records will look like this:
	      band 1, line 1
	      band 2, line 1
	      band 3, line 1
	      band 1, line 2
	      band 2, line 2
	       In BSQ format, all lines of one band are stored together  on  a
	      tape,  followed  by  all	lines of another band, followed by all
	      lines of the next band, etc.  These data are stored as  if  they
	      were in a one band BIL format:
	      band 1, line 1
	      band 1, line 2
	      band 1, line 3
		   .
		   .
		   .
	      band 2, line 1
	      band 2, line 2
		   .
		   .
	      band 2, line 156
	      band 2, line 157
		Each pixel contains one byte and there is one line per record.
	      BSQ format is the format that  is  usually  created  by  optical
	      scanning	devices  when they scan photographs, but not all digi-
	      tized aerial imagery are stored in this format.  The  format  of
	      the  data  is usually written on the exterior of the tape;  this
	      should be checked.

       _l_e_n_g_t_h _(_i_n _b_y_t_e_s_) _o_f _t_h_e _l_o_n_g_e_s_t _r_e_c_o_r_d _o_n _t_h_e _t_a_p_e
	      This must be set to the number of  bytes	in  the  longest  data
	      record.	It  is used to determine how large a buffer to use for
	      reading the tape. This  value  can  be  obtained	using  _m_._e_x_a_m_-
	      _i_n_e_._t_a_p_e_.

       _b_l_o_c_k_i_n_g _f_a_c_t_o_r _o_f _d_a_t_a _i_n _t_h_e _f_i_l_e
	      This  is	the number of lines combining into one physical record
	      on tape.	It is usually one for most  of	imageries,  i.e.,  one
	      line  per  physical  record.   However, considering on data com-
	      pressing and tape memory saving, sometimes more than  one  lines
	      are  combined into one physical record on the tape.  This number
	      may be written on the exterior of the tape, otherwise  the  user
	      need to experiment on this number by running of _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r.


BBAANNDD EEXXTTRRAACCTTIIOONN MMEENNUU
       The  user  is then asked to mark an _x beside the bands to be extracted.
       See the subheading in this entry enTITLEd ROW AND COLUMN EXTRACTION.
	please mark an x by the bands you want extracted

			      _____1
			      _____2
			      _____3
			      _____4


       AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS, HIT <ESC> TO CONTINUE
		     (OR <Ctrl-C> TO CANCEL)


PPRREEFFIIXX//GGRROOUUPP NNAAMMEE
       The user is asked to enter the prefix/group for the (raster) band files
       to  be  created.   This name will precede each band file extracted into
       GRASS.  For example, if three bands are extracted the  following  three
       band files will result:


       _p_r_e_f_i_x_n_a_m_e_._1
       _p_r_e_f_i_x_n_a_m_e_._2
       _p_r_e_f_i_x_n_a_m_e_._3


       The  specified  _p_r_e_f_i_x_n_a_m_e  will also automatically become the name for
       the imagery group file being created.  Each image (i.e.,  each  run  of
       _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r) should be given a unique prefix/group name.

RROOWW AANNDD CCOOLLUUMMNN MMEENNUU
       Finally,  the starting row, ending row, starting column and ending col-
       umn are required. This allows the user to extract  any  subset  of  the
       image from the tape.
			     EXTRACT
       please select desired tape window (geographic region
       definition) to extract
			  start row:_0_
			    end row:_0_

			  start col:_0_
			    end col:_0_

       AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS, HIT <ESC> TO CONTINUE
		     (OR <Ctrl-C> TO CANCEL)
	 The  extraction  process  will  begin by first skipping the number of
       specified files, advancing to the starting row, and  then  reading  the
       tape.   The  percent  completion  of the extraction is displayed on the
       screen.


       Following the extraction, the extracted band files will	be  listed  as
       raster  map  layers  available in the current MAPSET.  These raster map
       layers may be displayed individually using the  GRASS  commands	_d_._d_i_s_-
       _p_l_a_y, _d_._r_a_s_t or _i_._p_o_i_n_t_s.

NNOOTTEESS
       This  program can be used for extraction of TM, SPOT and other types of
       data from tape;	however, the user must supply information to the  pro-
       gram  on  how the image data is laid out on the tape.  For example, the
       image data may be padded with surrounding extra	rows  and/or  columns;
       the  user may wish to skip over these rows and columns and extract only
       the actual image data from the tape.  _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r does not know  where
       image data actually begins on the tape;	the user must tell the program
       what portion of the tape data to extract.  Often,  information  on  the
       orientation  and layout of the image data on tape will be included on a
       printout accompanying any tape data received  by  the  user;   however,
       this  may not always be the case.  The user may need to experiment with
       various runs of _i_._t_a_p_e_._o_t_h_e_r before extracting the portions of an image
       actually desired.


       After  extracting  an image from tape, the geographic region in the x,y
       coordinate LOCATION_NAME will be set, based upon the extracted rows and
       columns from the tape. The relationship between the image rows and col-
       umns and the coordiates bounding the geographic region is discussed  in
       the _i_m_a_g_e_r_y manual entry.


       This program is interactive and requires no command line arguments.

RROOWW AANNDD CCOOLLUUMMNN EEXXTTRRAACCTTIIOONN
       The  display options in GRASS allow the user to locate rows and columns
       on the digital image.  If enough disk space is available, one  band  of
       an  entire image, or one band of a portion of an image known to contain
       the area of interest, can be extracted and displayed.  The _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_s
       option in _d_._d_i_s_p_l_a_y, or _d_._w_h_e_r_e (following a run of _d_._r_a_s_t) will echo x
       and y coordinates to the screen.  (These coordinates will display nega-
       tive  numbers  in  the  north-south direction but ignoring the negative
       sign will yield the row number.	See the _i_m_a_g_e_r_y manual entry for  fur-
       ther explanation.)


       If a photograph of the digital image is available, the rows and columns
       to be extracted can be determined from it by  associating  inches  with
       the  total number of known rows and columns in the scene.  For example,
       if the total length of the photograph is 12 inches, the total number of
       rows  on  the  tape  is	2000,  and the northwest corner of the area of
       interest begins 2 inches from the top of the photo, then:
	       12" / 2000 rows = 2" / x rows
	       x = 333.333
	The northwest corner of the area of interest starts at row  333.   The
       starting  row,  ending  row,  starting column, and ending column can be
       calculated in this manner.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       _G_R_A_S_S _T_u_t_o_r_i_a_l_: _I_m_a_g_e _P_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_n_g


       _d_._d_i_s_p_l_a_y

       _d_._r_a_s_t

       _d_._w_h_e_r_e

       _i_._g_r_o_u_p

       _i_._p_o_i_n_t_s

       _i_._t_a_p_e_._m_s_s

       _i_._t_a_p_e_._m_s_s_._h

       _i_._t_a_p_e_._t_m

       _i_._t_a_p_e_._t_m_._f_a_s_t

       _i_m_a_g_e_r_y

       _m_._e_x_a_m_i_n_e_._t_a_p_e

AAUUTTHHOORRSS
       Michael Shapiro, U.S.Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory
       Tao Wen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois

       _L_a_s_t _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_: _$_D_a_t_e_: _2_0_0_2_/_0_1_/_2_5 _0_5_:_4_5_:_3_3 _$



GRASS 5.0						       i.tape.other(1)
