Legato Systems Incorporated".

NNAAMMEE
       uasm  -  NetWorker  module for saving and recovering UNIX-
       filesystem data

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       uuaassmm --ss [--bbeennoovv][--iixx] [ --tt _t_i_m_e]]_[ --ff _p_r_o_t_o]]
       [ --pp _p_p_a_t_h]]_p_a_t_h...
       uuaassmm--rr [--ddnnvv] [ --ii {_n_N_y_Y_r_R} ] [--mm _<_s_r_c_>==_<_d_s_t_>] --zz _s_u_f_f_i_x]]_[
       _p_a_t_h_]_._._.
       uuaassmm--cc [--nnvv] [.I path]...

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       uuaassmm  is  the default filesystem ASM (Application Specific
       Module).  It is built into ssaavvee(8) and  rreeccoovveerr(8).   uuaassmm
       may also be called directly in a manner similar to ttaarr(1).
       This description of uuaassmm applies to all ASM's.  For  clar-
       ity, only uuaassmm is mentioned in many of the descriptions in
       this man page.

       uuaassmm has three basic modes, saving, recovering,  and  com-
       paring.  When saving, uuaassmm will browse directory trees and
       generate a save stream (see.BR nsr_data (5)), to the asso-
       ciated  _s_t_d_o_u_t  file  representing  the file and directory
       organization.  When recovering, uuaassmm reads a  save  stream
       from the associated _s_t_d_i_n file and creates the correspond-
       ing directories and files.When  comparing,  uuaassmm  reads  a
       save  stream  from  its  _s_t_d_i_n file  and compares the save
       stream with the files already located in the file  system.

       During  backup  sessions, the behavior of uuaassmm can be con-
       trolled by _d_i_r_e_c_t_i_v_e_s.  Directives control how  descendent
       directories are searched, which files are ignored, how the
       save stream is generated,  and  how  subsequent  directive
       files  are  processed.   (See  nnssrr(5)).   When  browsing a
       directory tree, symbolic links are never followed,  except
       in the case of rraawwaassmm.

       ASMs can recover save streams from current or earlier ver-
       sions of NetWorker.  Older ASMs may not be able to recover
       files generated by newer ASMs.

       The  following  list  provides  a brief description of the
       ASMs supplied with NetWorker:


       sskkiipp   The sskkiipp ASM does not back up the  specified  files
              and directories, and does not place the filename in
              the online index of the parent directory.

       nnuullll   The nnuullll ASM does not back up the  specified  files
              and  directories,  but  keeps  the file name in the
              online index of the parent directory.

       nnuullllaassmm
              nnuullllaassmm is an alternate  name  for  the  nnuullll  ASM,
              named   for  backward  compatibility  with  earlier
              releases where nnuullllaassmm was  a  separate  executable
              program instead of an _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_l ASM.



                                                                1





UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


       hhoolleeyy  The hhoolleeyy ASM handles holes or blocks of zeros when
              backing up files and preserves these  holes  during
              recovery.On some filesystems interfaces can be used
              to find out the location of file hole  information.
              Otherwise,  blocks  of zeros that are read from the
              file are skipped. Note that this  ASM  is  normally
              applied  automatically  and  does  not  need not be
              specified.

       aallwwaayyss The aallwwaayyss ASM always performs a back up of a file,
              independent of the change time of the file.

       llooggaassmm The  llooggaassmm enables file changes during backup ses-
              sions.  llooggaassmm can be  used  for  "log"  files  and
              other  similar  files  where afile changes during a
              backup operation is not worth noting.

       mmaaiillaassmm
              The mmaaiillaassmm uses mail-style file locking and  main-
              tains  the  access  time of a file, preserving "new
              mail has arrived" flag on most mail handlers.

       aattiimmeeaassmm
              The aattiimmeeaassmm is used to backup files without chang-
              ing  the access time of the file.  This functional-
              ity  is  a  subset  of  mmaaiillaassmm.On  most   systems,
              atimeasm uses the file _m_t_i_m_e for selection and then
              resets the  file  _a_t_i_m_e  after  the  backup  (which
              changes  the  file _c_t_i_m_e_)_.  On systems that support
              interfaces for maintaining the file  _a_t_i_m_e  without
              changing  the  file  _c_t_i_m_e_, aattiimmeeaassmm has no effect,
              since the file _a_t_i_m_e is normally preserved.

       rraawwaassmm The rraawwaassmm is used to back  up  _/_d_e_v  entries  (for
              example,  block-  and  character-special files) and
              theirassociated raw disk partition data.   On  some
              systems,  _/_d_e_v  entries are actually symbolic links
              to device specific names. Unlikeother ASMs,  rraawwaassmm
              follows symlinks, allowing the shorter _/_d_e_v name to
              be configured.  When  recovering,  rraawwaassmm  requires
              that  thefilesystem  node  for the raw device exist
              prior to the  recovery.This  protects  against  the
              recovery  of  a  _/_d_e_v  entry and the overwriting of
              data on a reconfigured disk.  You  can  create  the
              _/_d_e_v entry, having it refer to a different raw par-
              tition, and forcean overwrite if desired.   If  you
              create  the  _/_d_e_v entry as a symbolic link,the data
              is recovered to the target of  the  symbolic  link.
              Precautions  should be taken when using rraawwaassmm, see
              the CAVEATS section below.

       sswwaappaassmm
              The sswwaappaassmm does not backup actual file  data,  but
              recreates a zero-filled file of the correct size on



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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


              recovery.  This asm is  used  onsystems  where  the
              swapping  device is a swap file that must be recov-
              ered with the correct size, but thecontents of  the
              swap  file  are not important and do not need to be
              backed up.

       xxllaatteeaassmm
              The  xxllaatteeaassmm  translates  file  data  so  thatdata
              backed up is not immediately recognizable.

       ccoommpprreessssaassmm
              The  ccoommpprreessssaassmm  uses a software compression algo-
              rithm tocompress file data.  This asm does not com-
              press  directoriesries.   The amount of compression
              achieved is data-dependent.ccoommpprreessssaassmm uses consid-
              erable  amounts  of  CPU resources, so its benefits
              may be limited on low-powered systems.

       nnoottaarryyaassmm
              The nnoottaarryyaassmm uses technology from Surety Technolo-
              giesto  create a _c_e_r_t_i_f_i_c_a_t_e for each matched file.
              This certificate is backed up along with the  file,
              andcan be used to prove categorically when the file
              wascertified, independent of any  times  associated
              with  the  file,and  in  a  manner  that  cannot be
              forged.When the file is recovered, the  certificate
              is  appended  tothe  file  //ttmmpp//cceerrttffiillee..ccttfffor use
              with tools from Surety to  prove  the  validity  of
              thecertificate  and  the  time  the file was certi-
              fied.nnoottaarryyaassmm requires that the nnssrrnnoottdd daemon  be
              running  on the NetWorker server. This daemon isen-
              abled along with the archive feature.If uuaassmm is run
              directly,  and  not using ssaavvee((88)),the notary daemon
              must be running on the same machine.See  nnssrrnnoottdd(8)
              for more details.  nnoottaarryyaassmm is currently available
              only on a limitedset of platforms  for  evaluation;
              contact  Legatoif  you  are interested in obtaining
              this module.

       nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm
              The nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm is used to process NetWorker's media
              index.  Normally,  nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm  is invoked automati-
              cally by ssaavveeggrrpp and mmmmrreeccoovv,  and  should  not  be
              used in NetWorker directives.

       nnssrriinnddeexxaassmm
              The  nnssrriinnddeexxaassmm  is  used  to  process NetWorker's
              client   fileindexes.    Similar   to   nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm,
              nnssrriinnddeexxaassmm  is  invoked  automatically by ssaavveeggrrpp,
              mmmmrreeccoovv and rreeccoovveerr, and shouldnot be used in  Net-
              Worker directives.

       _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l  ASMs are not separate programs, but arecontained
       within all ASMs.  _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l ASMs areseparate programs,  and



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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


       are  invoked  as  needed.   The only externalASMs provided
       with NetWorker are nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm and nnssrriinnddeexxaassmm.  All  other
       ASMs listed above are internal.

       For  security  reasons, external ASM names must end in _a_s_m
       and be located in the _o_r_i_g_i_n directory, which is the  same
       directory  as  the  originally  invoked program (typically
       ssaavvee or rreeccoovveerr).  In  some  system  architectures,  other
       directoriesrelative  to  the _o_r_i_g_i_n will be searched if an
       ASM cannotbe located in the _o_r_i_g_i_n directory.

       _W_a_l_k_i_n_g ASMs traverse directory trees.  The sskkiipp,nnuullll, and
       nnuullllaassmm ASMs do not walk.

       The  internal  ASMs described here are modes, and a number
       of different internal ASMs may  be  applied  at  the  same
       time.When an external ASM is needed to process a file, the
       newASM is invoked and generates the save stream.   When  a
       _f_i_l_t_e_r_i_n_g  ASM  is traversing a directory tree and invokes
       another s-1ASM, that ASMs save stream is processed by  the
       _f_i_l_t_e_r_i_n_g ASM.  Hence, while using ccoommpprreessssaassmm to backup a
       directory, the mmaaiillaassmm can still  be  used  toprocess  the
       mail  files correctly.  Note that once different modes are
       set,the only way to turn them off is to  explicitly  match
       an ASM directive for uuaassmm.

       _A_u_t_o_-_a_p_p_l_i_e_d  ASMs  are used under certain conditions, and
       do not need to be specifically mentioned  in  a  directive
       file.   For  example,  when  a large file only has a small
       number of disk blocks allocated, the hhoolleeyy ASM is automat-
       ically  invoked toprocess the file.  Auto-applied ASMs are
       not used when afile name matches an explicit directive.

       When used in conjunction with  rreeccoovveerr,all  standard  ASMs
       support security at recovery time.  If afile is saved with
       an access control list (ACL), then only  the  ownerof  the
       file,  root  or  Administrator  may recover the file.  For
       files that do notcontain an ACL, the  standard  mode  bits
       are  used  to determine who may recover a file. The file's
       owner, root and Administratormay always recover the  file.
       Note  that  when  ASMs are invoked by hand, these security
       checking rules do not apply.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       All  ASMs  accept  the  options  described  below.   These
       optionsare generally referred to as the _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_-_a_s_m_-_a_r_g_u_-
       _m_e_n_t_s.ASMs may also have additional options, whichmust  be
       capital letters.

       Either --ss (saving), --rr (recovering) or --cc (comparing) mode
       must be specified and  must  precede  any  other  options.
       When  saving, at least one_p_a_t_h argument must be specified.
       _P_a_t_h can be either a directory or file name.




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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


       The following options are valid for all modes:

       --nn     Performs a dry run. When  backing  up,  browse  the
              file  system, create the save stream, but do notat-
              tempt to open any files.  When recovering  or  com-
              paring,  consume  the input save stream and perform
              basic sanity checks,but do not create any  directo-
              ries  or  files  when  recoveringor  comparing file
              data.

       --vv     Turns on verbose mode.  The current ASM, its  argu-
              ments,  and  thefile being processed are displayed.
              When a filtering ASM operating  in  filtering  mode
              (processing  the  save stream of another ASM) modi-
              fies the stream, its name, arguments and  the  cur-
              rent file are displayed within square brackets.


       --bb     Produces  a  byte count.  This option is similar to
              the --nn option, but byte count  mode  will  estimate
              the amount of data thatwould be produced instead of
              actually reading file data so it is faster but less
              accurate  than the --nn option.  Byte count mode pro-
              duces three  numbers:  the  number  ofrecords  (for
              example,  files  and  directories),  the  number of
              bytes of header information,  and  the  approximate
              number of bytes of file data.  Byte count mode does
              not produce a save stream, so its output cannot  be
              usedas input to another ASM in recover mode.

       --oo     Produces a(see.BR nsr_data (5))save stream that can
              be handled by older NetWorker servers.

       --ee     Do not generate the  final  "end  of  save  stream"
              boolean string.  This flag should only be used when
              an ASM invokes an external ASM and as an  optimiza-
              tion  chooses  not  to  consume  the generated save
              stream itself.

       --ii     Ignore all  save  directives  from  _._n_s_r  directive
              files found in the directory tree.

       --ff _p_r_o_t_o
              Specifies  the location of a _._n_s_r directive file to
              interpret before processing any files  (see.BR  nsr
              (5)).   Within  the  directive  file  specified  by
              _p_r_o_t_o,<<<<_p_a_t_h>>>> directives  must  resolve  to  files
              within  the  directory tree being processed, other-
              wise their subsequent directives will be ignored.

       --pp _p_p_a_t_h
              This string is prepended to the name of  each  file
              as  it  is output.  Thisargument is used internally
              when one ASM executes another external ASM.   _P_p_a_t_h



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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


              must  be  a  properly formatted path that is either
              the current workingdirectory or a  trailing  compo-
              nent of the current working directory.

       --tt _d_a_t_e
              The  date  (in  nnssrr__ggeettddaattee(3)  format) after which
              files were modified will bebacked up.

       --xx     Cross filesystem boundaries.  Normally,  filesystem
              boundaries are notcrossed during walking.  Symbolic
              links are never  followed,  except  inthe  case  of
              rraawwaassmm.  1.0v

       When recovering, the following options may also be used:

       --ii _{_n_N_y_Y_r_R_}
              Specifies  the  initial default overwrite response.
              Only one letter can be used.  When the name of  the
              file  being  recovered  conflicts  with an existing
              file, the user is prompted  for  overwrite  permis-
              sion.   Thedefault  response,  selected by pressing
              [RReettuurrnn],  is  displayed  within  square  brackets.
              Unless  otherwise specified with the --ii option, "nn"
              is  the   initial   default   overwrite   response.
              Eachtime  a  response  other  than  the  default is
              selected, the new rresponse  becomes  the  default.
              When  either  NN,  RR, or YY is specified, there is no
              prompting (except  when  auto-renaming  files  that
              already end with the rename suffix) and each subse-
              quent conflict isresolved as
               if the corresponding lower case  letter  had  been
              selected.

              The  valid  overwrite  responses and their meanings
              are:

                      nn      Do not recover the current file.

                      NN      Do not recover any files  with  con-
                             flicting names.

                      yy      Overwrite the existing file with the
                             recovered file.

                     YYOOvveerrwwrriittee ffiilleess wwiitthh ccoonnfflliiccttiinngg nnaammeess..

                      rr      Rename the conflicting file.  A dot,
                             "..",  and  a  suffix are appended to
                             the name of the recovered file.   If
                             a  conflict  still  exists, the user
                             will be prompted again.

                      RR      Automatically  renames   conflicting
                             files  by appending a dot,(".."), and



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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


                             a suffix.   If  a  conflicting  file
                             name  already  ends in a ".." suffix,
                             the user is prompted to avoid poten-
                             tial  auto rename looping condition.

       --mm _s_r_c_=_d_s_t
              This option maps the file names that  are  created.
              Any filesthat start exactly with _s_r_c will be mapped
              to have the path of_d_s_t, replacing the  leading  _s_r_c
              component  of  the  path name.This option is useful
              for the  relocation  ofrecovered  files  that  were
              backed up using absolute pathnames into analternate
              directory (for example, --mm //uussrr//eettcc==..)..TP.BI -z  "
              suffix"Specifies the suffix to append when renaming
              conflicting files.  Thedefault suffix is "RR".

       _p_a_t_h   Used to restrict the files being  recovered.   Only
              files with prefixesmatching _p_a_t_h will be recovered.
              This checking is  performed  before  any  potential
              name  mapping  is  done using the --mm specification.
              When _p_a_t_h is not specified, no checking is done.

CCAAVVEEAATTSS
       Raw partitions are often used to store active DBMS data.If
       your raw partition contains data managed and updated by an
       active DBMS product, rraawwaassmmaalloonnee wwiillll _n_o_t give  a  consis-
       tent  backup.   The database must _n_o_t be updating the data
       in an uncontrolled fashion while rraawwaassmmsaves  or  recovers
       data on the partition.  The partition must be offline, the
       database manager shutdown,  or  the  partition  placed  in
       anappropriate  state  for  backup.Legato  has  products to
       assist with online database backup.Similarily if  rraawwaassmmiiss
       uusseedd  ttoo ssaavvee aa ppaarrttiittiioonn ccoonnttaaiinniinnggaa UUnniixx ffiilleessyysstteemm,, tthhee
       ffiilleessyysstteemm mmuusstt  bbee  uunnmmoouunntteedd  oorr  mmoouunntteedd  read-only  to
       obtain  a  consistent  backup.   and  same size partitions
       asthe system which performed the backup.If the new  parti-
       tion is smaller than the original partition, the recovery-
       will not complete successfully.If  the  new  partition  is
       larger  than  the  original  partition, only the amount of
       data originally saved will be recovered.   this  partition
       to  a  new  disk  also recovers the label,changing the new
       disks geometry to match the original disk.  Similarily, if
       a  Unix  filesystem  partition  is backed up using rraawwaassmm,
       recovering the partition resets  all  information  on  the
       partition,including  timestamps concerning mount times (if
       applicable).  rraawwaassmm ddooeess nnoott ddiissccoovveerr  tthhee  ssiizzee  ooff  tthhee
       ppaarrttiittiioonn  iitt  bbaacckkss  uupp uunnttiill tthhee bbaacckkuupp iissccoommpplleetteedd,, tthhee
       eessttiimmaatteedd ssiizzee reported on recovery is not accurate.

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
       _C_o_p_y_i_n_g _f_i_l_e_s
              the holes are not copied.





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UASM(8)                                                   UASM(8)


       _C_o_p_y_i_n_g _a _f_i_l_e _t_r_e_e _t_o _a_n _a_r_c_h_i_v_e _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
              conflicting names, use:  ccdd _h_e_r_e uuaassmm --ss  ..  ||  ((ccdd
              _a_r_c_h_i_v_e;;  uuaassmm --rr --iiYY)).fi ccdd to _h_e_r_e first and give
              the first uuaassmm determining the save a relative path
              so that the second uuaassmm performing the recover will
              recreate the file tree under _a_r_c_h_i_v_e.   recover  to
              explicitly map the path names.

FFIILLEESS
       ..nnssrr      Save  directive  files  located  throughout  the
                 filesystem.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       nnssrr(5), nnssrr__ddiirreeccttiivvee(5), nnssrriinnddeexxaassmm(8), nnssrrmmmmddbbaassmm(8),
       nnssrr__ddaattaa(5), rreeccoovveerr(8), ssaavvee(8), ssccaannnneerr(8), nnssrrnnoottdd(8),
       XXDDRR(3N).









































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