\Header{residuals.nlmeStruct}{Calculate nlmeStruct Residuals}
\keyword{models}{residuals.nlmeStruct}
\begin{Description}\relax
The residuals at level \eqn{i}{} are obtained by subtracting the fitted
values at that level from the response vector. The fitted values at
level \eqn{i}{} are obtained by adding together the contributions from
the estimated fixed effects and the estimated random effects at levels
less or equal to \eqn{i}{} and evaluating the model function at the
resulting estimated parameters.\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
## S3 method for class 'nlmeStruct':
residuals(object, level, conLin, ...)
\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{object}] an object inheriting from class \code{nlmeStruct},
representing a list of mixed-effects model components, such as
\code{reStruct}, \code{corStruct}, and \code{varFunc} objects.
\item[\code{level}] an optional integer vector giving the level(s) of grouping
to be used in extracting the residuals from \code{object}. Level
values increase from outermost to innermost grouping, with
level zero corresponding to the population fitted values. Defaults to
the highest or innermost level of grouping.
\item[\code{conLin}] an optional condensed linear model object, consisting of
a list with components \code{"Xy"}, corresponding to a regression
matrix (\code{X}) combined with a response vector (\code{y}), and 
\code{"logLik"}, corresponding to the log-likelihood of the
underlying nlme model. Defaults to \code{attr(object, "conLin")}.
\item[\code{...}] optional arguments to the residuals generic.  Not
used.
\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Value}
if a single level of grouping is specified in \code{level},
the returned value is a vector with the residuals at the desired
level; else, when multiple grouping levels are specified in
\code{level}, the returned object is a matrix with 
columns given by the residuals at different levels.\end{Value}
\begin{Note}\relax
This method function is primarily used within the \code{nlme}
function.\end{Note}
\begin{Author}\relax
Jose Pinheiro \email{Jose.Pinheiro@pharma.novartis.com} and Douglas Bates \email{bates@stat.wisc.edu}\end{Author}
\begin{References}\relax
Bates, D.M. and Pinheiro, J.C. (1998) "Computational methods for
multilevel models" available in PostScript or PDF formats at
http://nlme.stat.wisc.edu\end{References}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\Link{nlme}}, \code{\Link{fitted.nlmeStruct}}\end{SeeAlso}

