/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  File        : pde_TschumperleDeriche2D.cpp

  Description : Implementation of the Tschumperle-Deriche's Regularization
                PDE, for 2D multivalued images, as described in the following articles :
 
  (1) PDE-Based Regularization of Multivalued Images and Applications.
               (D. Tschumperlé). PhD Thesis. University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, December 2002.
  (2) Diffusion PDE's on Vector-valued Images : Local Approach and Geometric Viewpoint.
               (D. Tschumperlé and R. Deriche). IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, October 2002.
  (3) Vector-Valued Image Regularization with PDE's : A Common Framework for Different Applications.
               (D. Tschumperlé and R. Deriche). CVPR'2003, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, United States, June 2003.  
 
  This code can be used to perform image restoration, inpainting, magnification or flow visualization.
 
  Author      : David Tschumperlé
  
  This software is governed by the CeCILL  license under French law and
  abiding by the rules of distribution of free software.  You can  use, 
  modify and/ or redistribute the software under the terms of the CeCILL
  license as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA at the following URL
  "http://www.cecill.info". 
  
  As a counterpart to the access to the source code and  rights to copy,
  modify and redistribute granted by the license, users are provided only
  with a limited warranty  and the software's author,  the holder of the
  economic rights,  and the successive licensors  have only  limited
  liability. 
  
  In this respect, the user's attention is drawn to the risks associated
  with loading,  using,  modifying and/or developing or reproducing the
  software by the user in light of its specific status of free software,
  that may mean  that it is complicated to manipulate,  and  that  also
  therefore means  that it is reserved for developers  and  experienced
  professionals having in-depth computer knowledge. Users are therefore
  encouraged to load and test the software's suitability as regards their
  requirements in conditions enabling the security of their systems and/or 
  data to be ensured and,  more generally, to use and operate it in the 
  same conditions as regards security. 
  
  The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
  knowledge of the CeCILL license and that you accept its terms.
  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "../CImg.h"
// The lines below are not necessary in your own code, it simply allows 
// the source compilation with compilers that do not respect the C++ standart.
#if ( defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200 ) || defined(__DMC__)
#define std
#endif
using namespace cimg_library;

int main(int argc,char **argv) {

  // Read command line arguments
  //-----------------------------
  cimg_usage("Tschumperle-Deriche's flow for 2D Image Restoration, Inpainting, Magnification or Flow visualization");
  const char *file_i  = cimg_option("-i",(char*)NULL,"Input image");
  const char *file_m  = cimg_option("-m",(char*)NULL,"Mask image (if Inpainting)");
  const char *file_f  = cimg_option("-f",(char*)NULL,"Flow image (if Flow visualization)");
  const char *file_o  = cimg_option("-o",(char*)NULL,"Output file");
  const double zoom   = cimg_option("-zoom",1.0,"Image magnification");

  const unsigned int nb_iter  = cimg_option("-iter",100000,"Number of iterations");
  const double dt     = cimg_option("-dt",20.0,"Adapting time step");
  const double alpha  = cimg_option("-alpha",0.0,"Gradient smoothing");
  const double sigma  = cimg_option("-sigma",0.5,"Structure tensor smoothing");
  const float a1      = (float)cimg_option("-a1",0.5f,"Diffusion limiter along minimal variations");
  const float a2      = (float)cimg_option("-a2",0.9f,"Diffusion limiter along maximal variations");
  const double noiseg = cimg_option("-ng",0.0,"Add gauss noise before aplying the algorithm");
  const double noiseu = cimg_option("-nu",0.0,"Add uniform noise before applying the algorithm");
  const double noises = cimg_option("-ns",0.0,"Add salt&pepper noise before applying the algorithm");
  const bool stflag   = cimg_option("-stats",false,"Display image statistics at each iteration");
  const unsigned int save = cimg_option("-save",0,"Iteration saving step");
  const unsigned int visu = cimg_option("-visu",10,"Visualization step (0=no visualization)");
  const unsigned int init = cimg_option("-init",3,"Inpainting initialization (0=black, 1=white, 2=noise, 3=unchanged)");
  const unsigned int skip = cimg_option("-skip",1,"Step of image geometry computation");
  bool view_t         = cimg_option("-d",false,"View tensor directions (useful for debug)");
  double xdt = 0;

  // Variable initialization
  //-------------------------
  CImg<> img, flow;
  CImg<int> mask;

  if (file_i) {
    img = CImg<>(file_i).resize(-100,-100,1,-100);
    if (file_m) mask = CImg<unsigned char>(file_m).resize(img.dimx(),img.dimy(),1,1);
    else if (zoom>1) {
      mask = CImg<int>(img.dimx(),img.dimy(),1,1,-1).resize((int)(img.dimx()*zoom),(int)(img.dimy()*zoom),1,1,4)+1;
      img.resize((int)(img.dimx()*zoom),(int)(img.dimy()*zoom),1,-100,3);
    }
  } else {
    if (file_f) {
      flow = CImg<>(file_f);
      img = CImg<>((int)(flow.dimx()*zoom),(int)(flow.dimy()*zoom),1,1,0).noise(100,2);
      flow.resize(img.dimx(),img.dimy(),1,2,3);
    } else throw CImgException("You need to specify at least one input image (option -i), or one flow image (option -f)");
  }
  img.noise(noiseg,0).noise(noiseu,1).noise(noises,2);
  CImgStats initial_stats(img,false);
  if (mask.data && init!=3) 
    cimg_mapXYV(img,x,y,k) if (mask(x,y)) 
      img(x,y,k)=(float)((init?
                  (init==1?initial_stats.max:((initial_stats.max-initial_stats.min)*cimg::rand())):
                  initial_stats.min));

  CImgDisplay *disp = visu?new CImgDisplay(img,"Iterated Image",1,0x12):NULL;
  CImg<> G(img.dimx(),img.dimy(),1,3,0), T(G,false), veloc(img,false), val(2), vec(2,2);

  // PDE main iteration loop
  //-------------------------
  for (unsigned int iter=0; iter<nb_iter && (!disp || !disp->closed && disp->key!=cimg::keyQ && disp->key!=cimg::keyESC); iter++) {
    std::printf("\riter %u , xdt = %g               ",iter,xdt); fflush(stdout);
    if (stflag) img.print();
    if (disp && disp->key==cimg::keySPACE) { view_t = !view_t; disp->key=0; }

    if (!(iter%skip)) {
      // Compute the tensor field T, used to drive the diffusion
      //---------------------------------------------------------
      
      // When using PDE for flow visualization
      if (flow.data) cimg_mapXY(flow,x,y) {
        const float
          u = flow(x,y,0,0),
          v = flow(x,y,0,1),
          n = (float)std::sqrt((double)(u*u+v*v)),
          nn = (n!=0)?n:1;
        T(x,y,0) = u*u/nn;
        T(x,y,1) = u*v/nn;
        T(x,y,2) = v*v/nn;
      } else {
        
        // Compute structure tensor field G
        const CImgl<> grad = img.get_gradientXY(3);
        if (alpha!=0) cimgl_map(grad,l) grad[l].blur((float)alpha);
        cimg_mapXYV(img,x,y,k) {
          const float ix = grad[0](x,y,k), iy = grad[1](x,y,k);
          G(x,y,0) += ix*ix;
          G(x,y,1) += ix*iy;
          G(x,y,2) += iy*iy;
        }
        if (sigma!=0) G.blur((float)sigma);
        
        // When using PDE for image restoration, inpainting or zooming
        T.fill(0);
        if (!mask.data) cimg_mapXY(G,x,y) {
          G.get_tensor(x,y).symeigen(val,vec);
          const float
            l1 = (float)std::pow(1.0f+val[0]+val[1],-a1),
            l2 = (float)std::pow(1.0f+val[0]+val[1],-a2),
            ux = vec[0],
            uy = vec[1];
          T(x,y,0) = l1*ux*ux + l2*uy*uy;
          T(x,y,1) = l1*ux*uy - l2*ux*uy;
          T(x,y,2) = l1*uy*uy + l2*ux*ux;
        }
        else cimg_mapXY(G,x,y) if (mask(x,y)) {
          G.get_tensor(x,y).symeigen(val,vec);
          const float
            ux = vec[0],
            uy = vec[1];
          T(x,y,0) = ux*ux;
          T(x,y,1) = ux*uy;
          T(x,y,2) = uy*uy;
        }
      }
    }

    // Compute the PDE velocity and update the iterated image
    //--------------------------------------------------------
    CImg_3x3(I,float);
    veloc.fill(0);
    cimg_mapV(img,k) cimg_map3x3(img,x,y,0,k,I) {
      const float 
        a = T(x,y,0), 
        b = T(x,y,1),
        c = T(x,y,2),
        ixx = Inc+Ipc-2*Icc, 
        iyy = Icn+Icp-2*Icc,
        ixy = 0.25f*(Ipp+Inn-Ipn-Inp);
      veloc(x,y,k) = a*ixx + 2*b*ixy + c*iyy;
    }
    if (dt>0) {
      const CImgStats stats(veloc,false);
      xdt = dt/cimg::max(std::fabs(stats.min),std::fabs(stats.max));
    } else xdt=-dt;
    img+=veloc*xdt;
    img.cut((float)initial_stats.min,(float)initial_stats.max);

    // Display and save iterations
    if (disp && !(iter%visu)) {
      if (!view_t) img.display(*disp);
      else {
        const unsigned char white[3] = {255,255,255};
        CImg<unsigned char> visu = img.get_resize(disp->dimx(),disp->dimy()).normalize(0,255);
        CImg<> isophotes(img.dimx(),img.dimy(),1,2,0);
        cimg_mapXY(img,x,y) if (!mask.data || mask(x,y)) {
          T.get_tensor(x,y).symeigen(val,vec);
          isophotes(x,y,0) = vec[2];
          isophotes(x,y,1) = vec[3];
        }
        visu.draw_quiver(isophotes,white,10,9,0,0.5f).display(*disp);
      }
    }
    if (save && file_o && !(iter%save)) img.save(file_o,iter);
    if (disp) disp->resize().display(img);
  }

  // Save result and exit.
  if (file_o) img.save(file_o);
  return 0;
}
