#

## Issue SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS Writeup

    Status: Version 5 passed Jan 89 X3J13
    	Version 6 passed Mar 89 X3J13

    Issue:		SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS
    References:	SYMBOL-MACROLET (88-002R page 2-81)

    Related Issues: SYMBOL-MACROLET-DECLARE
    Category:	CHANGE
    Edit history:	29-July-88, Version 1 by Piazza
    		21-September-88, Version 2 by Piazza
    		22-September-88, Version 3 by Piazza
    		22-September-88, Version 4 by Piazza
    		30-Nov-88, Version 5 by Masinter
    		14-Mar-89, Version 6 by Steele

    Problem Description:

        The SYMBOL-MACROLET construct, introduced with CLOS in X3J13 document
        88-002R, profoundly alters the interpretation of symbols appearing as
        forms in a Common Lisp program--what previously was necessarily a variable
        might now be a symbol macro instead.  Macros which appear in the body of a
        SYMBOL-MACROLET form are currently unable to determine whether a symbol
        form is a variable or a symbol macro, and, if the latter, what the
        expansion of the symbol macro is.  Consequently, complex macros (such as
        SETF or PUSH) which depend on the form of their argument(s), are unable to
        produce their desired results in some cases, as in the following example:

    	    (let ((a (make-array 5))
    		  (i 0))
    	      (symbol-macrolet ((place  (aref a (incf i))))
    	        (push x place))
    	      i)		==> 2

        In addition, it would be both natural and nice to be able to write

      (with-slots (rho theta) point
        (declare (single-float rho theta))
        ...computation...)

        as well as DECLARE within SYMBOL-MACROLET forms.

    Proposal (SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS:SPECIAL-FORM):

        Change the definition of SYMBOL-MACROLET to specify that it is a special
        form, which affects the evaluation environment for symbols.  Enhance
        MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1 so that they can expand a symbol macro.
        Modify SETF et al to use the new MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1 to examine
        even symbol subforms.  Specify that the expansion of a symbol macro IS
        subject to further macro expansion in the same lexical environment as the
        symbol macro invocation, exactly analogous to normal macros. Clarify that
        within the body of a SYMBOL-MACROLET, SETQ of a symbol defined as
        a symbol macro will be treated as if it were a SETF.

        Furthermore PSETQ of a symbol defined as a symbol macro will
        behave as if it were a PSETF, and MULTIPLE-VALUE-SETQ will behave
        as if SETQ were used on each variable to be set.

        When MACROEXPAND or MACROEXPAND-1 sees a symbol macro, it calls
        the value of *MACROEXPAND-HOOK* in the same manner as for an
        ordinary macro.  The three values given to the hook function
        in this case will be an expansion function, a form (in this case
        the symbol naming the symbol macro), and an environment.  The
        only guaranteed property of the expansion function is that when
        it is applied to the form and the environment it will return the
        correct expansion of the symbol macro.  (In particular, nothing
        it said in this specification whether the expansion is conceptually
        stored in the expansion function, the environment, or both.)

    Rationale:

        The potential for interaction between macros is exactly why &environment
        arguments were originally added to macros.  Changing SYMBOL-MACROLET to be
        a special form, which communicates through the &environment arguments to
        macros with MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1, would allow PUSH and SETF
        (among others) to work with SYMBOL-MACROLET in the same way they work with
        MACROLET.

        This change cannot (reasonably) support the currently specified semantics
        that the expansion text is "outside" the scope of the symbol macro.  For
        indeed, when the symbol macro is expanded, (a copy of) the expansion is
        then within the scope of the SYMBOL-MACROLET, and should then be subject
        to further scrutiny.  The issue of "infinite expansion" of symbol macros is
        no more dangerous than that of normal macros.

    Current Practice:

        Portable Common Loops provides a code-walking implementation of
        SYMBOL-MACROLET as specified in 88-002R.  Symbolics Cloe has both a
        code-walking version of a SYMBOL-MACROLET macro and compiler support for
        a SYMBOL-MACROLET special form.

    Cost to Implementors:

        If SYMBOL-MACROLET is modified to be a special form, compilers and
        interpreters will have to change, as well as MACROEXPAND, MACROEXPAND-1,
        PUSH, INCF, DECF, and others.

    Cost to Users:

        If SYMBOL-MACROLET is converted to a special form, code-walking programs
        will have to be modified to handle SYMBOL-MACROLET correctly.  Those same
        programs would have to be modified to handle the other special forms
        specified in CLOS, anyway.

    Cost of Non-Adoption:

        SYMBOL-MACROLET will retain its confusing semantics, leading to bugs when
        it interacts with complex macros and forms which produce side-effects.

        Implementations which support ONCE-ONLY will break.  For that matter, any
        mechanism which examines code and assumes that "variables" have no side
        effects will break.

    Benefits:

        SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS:SPECIAL-FORM avoids the hairiest problems
        surrounding interaction of macros (like SETF) and side effects, and makes
        SYMBOL-MACROLET consistent with MACROLET.

    Aesthetics:

        If SYMBOL-MACROLET is made to be a special form, aesthetics are improved
        by making symbol macros consistent with normal macros.

    Discussion:

        A case could be made for adding a new function, SYMBOL-MACRO-FUNCTION, as
        a dual of MACRO-FUNCTION.  However, symbol macros are simpler than normal
        macros: a symbol macro is associated with a single expansion form, rather
        than an arbitrary function which computes the expansion.  For this reason,
        the augmented MACROEXPAND-1 proposed here can also fill the role of
        SYMBOL-MACRO-FUNCTION: the second value of (macroexpand-1 sym env) will be
        T if and only if sym is a symbol macro, while the first value gives the
        expansion of sym, if it has one.

        Rather than extending the existing MACROEXPAND and MACROEXPAND-1
       functions, new functions could be introduced to expand symbol macros.
       However, there seems to be no particular reason to do this.

         ----- End Forwarded Messages -----

Copyright 1996-2001, Xanalys Inc. All rights reserved.