# libkmid Library API Documentation

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# DeviceManager Class Reference

MIDI Device Manager class . Manages all MIDI devices and redirects MIDI events to each one as configured. More...

`#include <deviceman.h>`

Collaboration diagram for DeviceManager:

[legend]
List of all members.

## Public Member Functions

| DeviceManager (int def=-1)
| Constructor.
| ~DeviceManager (void)
| Destructor.
int | initManager (void)
| Initializes the MIDI Device Manager object.
int | checkInit (void)
| Checks if the device manager has been initialized (with ), and in case it wasn't, initializes it.
MidiOut * | chntodev (int chn)
| Obsolete.
MidiOut * | deviceForChannel (int chn)
| It's possible to send different MIDI channels to different MIDI devices, so that you can for example send channel 1 to an external synthesizer, channel 2 to a FM device and channel 10 to an AWE synth.
int | deviceNumberForChannel (int chn)
| Returns the device number associated with a given channel.
void | setDeviceNumberForChannel (int chn, int dev)
| Sets the device number associated with a given channel.
int | ok (void)
int | usingAlsa (void)
| Returns true if it's running ALSA and false if OSS is being run.
void | openDev (void)
| Open the devices.
void | closeDev (void)
| Closes the devices, and /dev/sequencer.
void | initDev (void)
| Calls MidiOut::initDev() in turn in each of the available devices.
void | noteOn (uchar chn, uchar note, uchar vel)
| Sends a Note On MIDI event.
void | noteOff (uchar chn, uchar note, uchar vel)
| Sends a Note Off MIDI event.
void | keyPressure (uchar chn, uchar note, uchar vel)
| Sends a Key Pressure (or Aftertouch) MIDI event.
void | chnPatchChange (uchar chn, uchar patch)
| Changes the patch (instrument) on a MIDI channel.
void | chnPressure (uchar chn, uchar vel)
| Changes the Pressure (Aftertouch) on a MIDI channel.
void | chnPitchBender (uchar chn, uchar lsb, uchar msb)
| Changes the Pitch Bender value on a MIDI channel.
void | chnController (uchar chn, uchar ctl, uchar v)
| Sends a Controller event to a MIDI channel.
void | sysEx (uchar *data, ulong size)
| Sends a SYStem EXclusive message to the default MIDI device (usually, external MIDI synths, as most internal synths do not support sysex messages).
void | wait (double ms)
| Sets the number of milliseconds at which the next event will be sent.
void | tmrSetTempo (int v)
| Sets the tempo which will be used to convert between ticks and milliseconds.
void | tmrStart (long int tpcn)
| Starts the timer.
void | tmrStop (void)
| Stops the timer.
void | tmrContinue (void)
| Continue the stopped timer .
void | allNotesOff (void)
| Sends an all notes off event.
void | sync (bool f=0)
| Synchronizes with the MIDI buffer.
void | setVolumePercentage (int i)
| Changes the "master" volume of the played events by altering next volume controller events.
int | defaultDevice (void)
| Returns the device to which the MIDI events will be sent.
void | setDefaultDevice (int i)
| Sets the device to send the MIDI events to.
int | setPatchesToUse (int *patchesused)
| Loads the patches you're going to use .
const char * | midiMapFilename (void)
| Returns the filename where the Midi Mapper was loaded from, or "" if no MIDI Mapper is in use.
void | setMidiMap (MidiMapper *map)
| Sets a MidiMapper object to use.
int | rate (void)
| Returns the SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE ioctl value.
int | midiPorts (void)
| Returns the number of MIDI ports available on the system.
int | synthDevices (void)
| Returns the number of internal synthesizers available on the system.
const char * | name (int i)
| Returns the name of the `i-th` device .
const char * | type (int i)
| Returns the type of device the `i-th` device is , in a user-friendly string .

## Protected Member Functions

void | seqbuf_dump (void)
void | seqbuf_clean (void)
void | checkAlsa (void)

## Protected Attributes

MidiOut ** | device
midi_info * | midiinfo
synth_info * | synthinfo
int | chn2dev [16]
int | n_synths
int | n_midi
int | n_total
int | m_rate
double | convertrate
int | timerstarted
double | lastwaittime
MidiMapper * | mapper_tmp
int | initialized
int | seqfd
int | default_dev
int | _ok
bool | alsa

## Detailed Description

MIDI Device Manager class . Manages all MIDI devices and redirects MIDI events to each one as configured.

This class is the one you should use to send MIDI events to any device, as it creates and manages the *Out classes.

This class is usually used by creating a DeviceManager object, then call openDev() and initDev() . Then, use numberOfMidiPorts(), numberOfSynthDevices(), name() and type() to choose which device to play MIDI events to and then use defaultDevice() to set the MIDI device to play.

Version:
  0.9.5 17/01/2000

Author:
  Antonio Larrosa Jimenez <larrosa@kde.org>

Definition at line 46 of file deviceman.h.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

DeviceManager::DeviceManager | ( | int | def = -1 | ) |

Constructor.

It just initializes internal variables, before playing any music, you should call initManager(), setMidiMap() (optional), openDev(), initDev(), setPatchesToUse() (not required, unless you're playing to a GUS device, which must load the patches), tmrStart(), and finally, play the music.

Definition at line 106 of file deviceman.cc.

References KGlobal::_instance, QString::find(), QString::isEmpty(), QString::mid(), KConfigBase::readBoolEntry(), KConfigBase::readNumEntry(), KConfigBase::readPathEntry(), and KConfigBase::setGroup().

DeviceManager::~DeviceManager | ( | void |  | ) |

| Destructor. It closes the device (calling closeDev() ) if it wasn't closed before. Definition at line 151 of file deviceman.cc. References closeDev().

## Member Function Documentation

int DeviceManager::initManager | ( | void |  | ) |

Initializes the MIDI Device Manager object.

The /dev/sequencer and/or /dev/snd/seq files are opened, available devices are analyzed and *Out objects are created. Then, the device files are closed.

Returns:
  0 if everything was OK, or -1 if there was an error and it couldn't be initialized (for example, because it couldn't open the /dev/sequencer file)

Definition at line 201 of file deviceman.cc.

References KStdAccel::close(), name(), KStdAccel::open(), and setMidiMap().

Referenced by checkInit().

int DeviceManager::checkInit | ( | void |  | ) |

Checks if the device manager has been initialized (with ), and in case it wasn't, initializes it.

Returns:
  0 if it was (or has just been) correctly initialized, and -1 if there was an error.

Definition at line 174 of file deviceman.cc.

References initManager().

Referenced by name(), openDev(), setPatchesToUse(), and type().

MidiOut* DeviceManager::chntodev | ( | int | chn | ) | `[inline]`

| Obsolete. Please use deviceForChannel() instead. Definition at line 205 of file deviceman.h. References deviceForChannel(). Referenced by chnController(), chnPatchChange(), chnPitchBender(), chnPressure(), keyPressure(), noteOff(), and noteOn().

MidiOut* DeviceManager::deviceForChannel | ( | int | chn | ) | `[inline]`

It's possible to send different MIDI channels to different MIDI devices, so that you can for example send channel 1 to an external synthesizer, channel 2 to a FM device and channel 10 to an AWE synth.

Returns:
  the device to which MIDI events goind to channel `chn` should be sent.

Definition at line 216 of file deviceman.h.

Referenced by chntodev().

int DeviceManager::deviceNumberForChannel | ( | int | chn | ) | `[inline]`

| Returns the device number associated with a given channel. Definition at line 222 of file deviceman.h.

void DeviceManager::setDeviceNumberForChannel | ( | int | chn,
|  | int | dev
| ) |

| Sets the device number associated with a given channel. Definition at line 819 of file deviceman.cc.

int DeviceManager::ok | ( | void |  | ) |

Returns:
  0 if there was a problem and 1 if everything was OK. Note that the return value is changed after you check it, so you can only check it once.

Definition at line 167 of file deviceman.cc.

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

int DeviceManager::usingAlsa | ( | void |  | ) | `[inline]`

| Returns true if it's running ALSA and false if OSS is being run. Definition at line 238 of file deviceman.h.

void DeviceManager::openDev | ( | void |  | ) |

Open the devices.

It first initializes the manager it that wasn't done yet (you should do it yourself, to be able to choose the MIDI output device, as it will be set to an external synth by default, if available).

Then /dev/sequencer is opened and the MIDI devices are opened (calling MidiOut::openDev() ).

See also:
  ok() to check if there was any problem

  closeDev()

  initDev()

Definition at line 396 of file deviceman.cc.

References checkInit(), MidiOut::closeDev(), MidiOut::ok(), KStdAccel::open(), and MidiOut::openDev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::closeDev | ( | void |  | ) |

Closes the devices, and /dev/sequencer.

See also:
  openDev()

Definition at line 447 of file deviceman.cc.

References KStdAccel::close(), MidiOut::closeDev(), and tmrStop().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and ~DeviceManager().

void DeviceManager::initDev | ( | void |  | ) |

Calls MidiOut::initDev() in turn in each of the available devices.

See also:
  MidiOut::initDev()

Definition at line 480 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::initDev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::noteOn | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | note,
|  | uchar | vel
| ) |

Sends a Note On MIDI event.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) to play the note on.
  note | the key of the note to play (0 to 127).
  vel | the velocity of the note (0 to 127).

See also:
  noteOff()

Definition at line 494 of file deviceman.cc.

References chntodev(), and MidiOut::noteOn().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::noteOff | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | note,
|  | uchar | vel
| ) |

Sends a Note Off MIDI event.

This is equivalent to send a Note On event with a vel value of 0.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) to play the note on.
  note | the key of the note to play (0 to 127).
  vel | the velocity of the note (0 to 127).

See also:
  noteOn()

Definition at line 499 of file deviceman.cc.

References chntodev(), and MidiOut::noteOff().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::keyPressure | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | note,
|  | uchar | vel
| ) |

Sends a Key Pressure (or Aftertouch) MIDI event.

This event changes the pressure over a key after this key has been played.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) where the note is being played.
  note | the key of the note (0 to 127).
  vel | the new velocity (or pressure) of the note (0 to 127).

Definition at line 504 of file deviceman.cc.

References chntodev(), and MidiOut::keyPressure().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::chnPatchChange | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | patch
| ) |

Changes the patch (instrument) on a MIDI channel.

See also:
  setPatchesToUse()

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) .
  patch | the General Midi patch (0 to 127) to use on the channel chn.

Definition at line 509 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::chnPatchChange(), and chntodev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::chnPressure | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | vel
| ) |

Changes the Pressure (Aftertouch) on a MIDI channel.

Keep in mind that some synthesizers don't like this events, and it's better not to send it.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) to change.
  vel | the velocity (0 to 127) to use on the channel chn.

Definition at line 514 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::chnPressure(), and chntodev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::chnPitchBender | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | lsb,
|  | uchar | msb
| ) |

Changes the Pitch Bender value on a MIDI channel.

This bends the tone of each note played on this channel.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) to use.
  lsb | and `msb` the less significant byte and the most significant byte (0 to 127 each) of the number by which notes will be bend. a 0x4000 value means not to bend.

Definition at line 519 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::chnPitchBender(), and chntodev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::chnController | ( | uchar | chn,
|  | uchar | ctl,
|  | uchar | v
| ) |

Sends a Controller event to a MIDI channel.

This can be used for example to change the volume, set a XG patch, etc. Look for any General Midi resource page on the net for more information about the available controller events.

For example, to set the tremolo value to a maximum on the MIDI channel number one, you should pass 1 to `chn`, 1 to `ctl` and 127 to `v`.

Parameters:

  chn | the MIDI channel (0 to 15) to send the event to.
  ctl | the controller (0 to 15) to send.
  v | the value (data) of the controller.

Definition at line 524 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::chnController(), and chntodev().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::sysEx | ( | uchar * | data,
|  | ulong | size
| ) |

Sends a SYStem EXclusive message to the default MIDI device (usually, external MIDI synths, as most internal synths do not support sysex messages).

Parameters:

  data | the array of bytes that comform the system exclusive message. Without the initial 0xF0 char, and including the final 0xF7 char (end of exclusive message)
  size | the size in bytes of the data to send

See also:
  setDefaultDevice()

Definition at line 529 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::sysex().

void DeviceManager::wait | ( | double | ms | ) |

Sets the number of milliseconds at which the next event will be sent.

This way, you can schedule notes and events to send to the MIDI device.

See also:
  tmrStart()

Definition at line 535 of file deviceman.cc.

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::tmrSetTempo | ( | int | v | ) |

| Sets the tempo which will be used to convert between ticks and milliseconds. Definition at line 551 of file deviceman.cc. Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::tmrStart | ( | long int | tpcn | ) |

| Starts the timer. You must call tmrStart before using wait() Definition at line 563 of file deviceman.cc. Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::tmrStop | ( | void |  | ) |

| Stops the timer. This will be called by closeDev() before closing the device Definition at line 589 of file deviceman.cc. Referenced by closeDev(), and MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::tmrContinue | ( | void |  | ) |

| Continue the stopped timer . It is the same than starting a new timer, but without resetting it. Definition at line 610 of file deviceman.cc.

void DeviceManager::allNotesOff | ( | void |  | ) |

| Sends an all notes off event. Definition at line 824 of file deviceman.cc. References MidiOut::allNotesOff(). Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

void DeviceManager::sync | ( | bool | f = 0 | ) |

Synchronizes with the MIDI buffer.

Midi events are put into a buffer, along with timer delays (see wait() ). sync returns when the buffer is empty.

Parameters:

  f | if false, it syncronizes by waiting for the buffer to be sent. If true, it forces the synchronization by clearing the buffer inmediately. The "force" method is, of course, not recommended, except in rare situations.

Definition at line 630 of file deviceman.cc.

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play(), and MidiStatus::sendData().

void DeviceManager::setVolumePercentage | ( | int | i | ) |

Changes the "master" volume of the played events by altering next volume controller events.

The parameter `i` should be in the range of 0 (nothing is heard) to 150 (music is played at a 150% of the original volume).

Keep in mind that as most MIDI files already play music at near the maximum volume, an `i` value greater than 100 is very probably ignored most of the times.

Definition at line 808 of file deviceman.cc.

References MidiOut::setVolumePercentage().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

int DeviceManager::defaultDevice | ( | void |  | ) |

Returns the device to which the MIDI events will be sent.

Returns -1 if there's no available device.

See also:
  setDefaultDevice()

Definition at line 764 of file deviceman.cc.

void DeviceManager::setDefaultDevice | ( | int | i | ) |

Sets the device to send the MIDI events to.

By using midiPorts(), synthDevices(), name() and type(), you should choose which device to use (note that they are numbered with midi ports being first and synth devices next)

See also:
  defaultDevice()

Definition at line 769 of file deviceman.cc.

int DeviceManager::setPatchesToUse | ( | int * | patchesused | ) |

Loads the patches you're going to use .

This has effect only for GUS cards, although, if you use this function when defaultDevice() is not a GUS device, it will be ignored.

The parameter is an int [256] array, which contain the following:

The first 0..127 integers, are the number of times each General MIDI patch will be used, and -1 when the corresponding patch won't be used.

The 128..255 integers are the number of times each drum voice (each note on the drum channel) will be used, and -1 when the corresponding percussion won't be used.

This is done this way so that if the user has very little memory on his GUS card, and not all patches will be loaded, they are at least reordered, so that it first loads the one you're going to use most.

In case you don't worry about such users, or you don't know "a priori" the number of notes you're going to play, you can just use 1 for each patch you want to load and -1 in the rest.

See also:
  GUSOut::setPatchesToUse()

  GUSOut::loadPatch()

Returns:
  0 if ok, and -1 if there wasn't enough memory to load the patches in the card's memory.

Definition at line 794 of file deviceman.cc.

References checkInit(), and GUSOut::setPatchesToUse().

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

const char * DeviceManager::midiMapFilename | ( | void |  | ) |

Returns the filename where the Midi Mapper was loaded from, or "" if no MIDI Mapper is in use.

See also:
  setMidiMap()

Definition at line 776 of file deviceman.cc.

void DeviceManager::setMidiMap | ( | MidiMapper * | map | ) |

Sets a MidiMapper object to use.

This object should already have loaded the configuration. See the description of MidiMapper for more information.

See also:
  MidiMapper::MidiMapper()

  midiMapFilename()

Definition at line 784 of file deviceman.cc.

Referenced by initManager().

int DeviceManager::rate | ( | void |  | ) | `[inline]`

| Returns the SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE ioctl value. Definition at line 491 of file deviceman.h.

int DeviceManager::midiPorts | ( | void |  | ) | `[inline]`

Returns the number of MIDI ports available on the system.

It's common that users have MIDI ports available, but there are no external synthesizers connected to these ports, so sending MIDI events to these ports will not produce any music in this case.

See also:
  synthDevices()

  setDefaultDevice()

Definition at line 502 of file deviceman.h.

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

int DeviceManager::synthDevices | ( | void |  | ) | `[inline]`

Returns the number of internal synthesizers available on the system.

Some of these devices will need special configuration, for example, to load sound patches.

See also:
  midiPorts()

  setDefaultDevice()

  setPatchesToUse()

Definition at line 513 of file deviceman.h.

Referenced by MidiPlayer::play().

const char * DeviceManager::name | ( | int | i | ) |

| Returns the name of the `i-th` device . In case the DeviceManager wasn't yet initialized ( see checkInit() ), the return value is NULL, and in case the parameter has a value out of the valid range ( 0 to midiPorts() + synthDevices() ) it returns an empty string. Definition at line 716 of file deviceman.cc. References checkInit(), and MidiOut::deviceName(). Referenced by initManager().

const char * DeviceManager::type | ( | int | i | ) |

| Returns the type of device the `i-th` device is , in a user-friendly string . For example, "External Midi Port" for midi ports, "FM" for FM synthesizers, "GUS" for Gravis Ultrasound devices, etc. Definition at line 734 of file deviceman.cc. References checkInit().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

- deviceman.h
- deviceman.cc

This file is part of the documentation for kdelibs Version 3.1.5.
Documentation copyright © 1996-2002 the KDE developers.
Generated on Wed Jan 28 13:28:35 2004 by doxygen 1.3.4 written by Dimitri van Heesch, © 1997-2001