PHP 手冊
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# Case 3: setting doc_root or user_dir

To include active content, like scripts and executables, in the web server document directories is sometimes considered an insecure practice. If, because of some configuration mistake, the scripts are not executed but displayed as regular HTML documents, this may result in leakage of intellectual property or security information like passwords. Therefore many sysadmins will prefer setting up another directory structure for scripts that are accessible only through the PHP CGI, and therefore always interpreted and not displayed as such.

Also if the method for making sure the requests are not redirected, as described in the previous section, is not available, it is necessary to set up a script doc_root that is different from web document root.

You can set the PHP script document root by the configuration directive doc_root in the configuration file, or you can set the environment variable PHP_DOCUMENT_ROOT. If it is set, the CGI version of PHP will always construct the file name to open with this doc_root and the path information in the request, so you can be sure no script is executed outside this directory (except for user_dir below).

Another option usable here is user_dir. When user_dir is unset, only thing controlling the opened file name is doc_root. Opening a URL like `http://my.host/~user/doc.php` does not result in opening a file under users home directory, but a file called `~user/doc.php` under doc_root (yes, a directory name starting with a tilde [~]).

If user_dir is set to for example `public_php`, a request like `http://my.host/~user/doc.php` will open a file called `doc.php` under the directory named `public_php` under the home directory of the user. If the home of the user is `/home/user`, the file executed is `/home/user/public_php/doc.php`.

user_dir expansion happens regardless of the doc_root setting, so you can control the document root and user directory access separately.

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