Руководство по PHP
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# Глава 9. Runtime Configuration

# The configuration file

The configuration file (called `php3.ini` in PHP 3, and simply `php.ini` as of PHP 4) is read when PHP starts up. For the server module versions of PHP, this happens only once when the web server is started. For the CGI and CLI version, it happens on every invocation.

The default location of `php.ini` is a compile time option (see the FAQ entry), but can be changed for the CGI and CLI version with the -c command line switch, see the chapter about using PHP from the command line. You can also use the environment variable PHPRC for an additional path to search for a `php.ini` file.

If `php-SAPI.ini` exists (where SAPI is used SAPI, so the filename is e.g. `php-cli.ini` or `php-apache.ini`), it's used instead of `php.ini`.

> Замечание: The Apache web server changes the directory to root at startup causing PHP to attempt to read `php.ini` from the root filesystem if it exists.

The `php.ini` directives handled by extensions are documented respectively on the pages of the extensions themselves. The list of the core directives is available in the appendix. Probably not all the PHP directives are documented in the manual though. For a completel list of directives available in your PHP version, please read your well commented `php.ini` file. Alternatively, you may find the the latest `php.ini` from CVS helpful too.

Пример 9-1. `php.ini` example
    ; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored
    [php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored
    ; Boolean values can be set to either:
    ;    true, on, yes
    ; or false, off, no, none
    register_globals = off
    track_errors = yes

    ; you can enclose strings in double-quotes
    include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php"

    ; backslashes are treated the same as any other character
    include_path = ".;c:\php\lib"

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