\HeaderA{INSTALL}{Install Add-on Packages}{INSTALL}
\keyword{utilities}{INSTALL}
\begin{Description}\relax
Utility for installing add-on packages.
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
R CMD INSTALL [options] [-l lib] pkgs
\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{pkgs}] A space-separated list with the path names of the packages to be
installed.
\item[\code{lib}] the path name of the \R{} library tree to install to.
\item[\code{options}] a space-separated list of options through which in
particular the process for building the help files can be
controlled.  Options should only be given once.
Use \code{R CMD INSTALL --help} for the current list of options.

\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Details}\relax
If used as \code{R CMD INSTALL pkgs} without explicitly specifying
\code{lib}, packages are installed into the library tree rooted at the
first directory given in the environment variable \env{R\_LIBS} if
this is set and non-null, and to the default library tree (which is
rooted at \file{\$R\_HOME/library}) otherwise.

To install into the library tree \code{lib}, use
\code{R CMD INSTALL -l lib pkgs}.

Both \code{lib} and the elements of \code{pkgs} may be absolute or
relative path names of directories.  \code{pkgs} may also contain
names of package/bundle archive files of the form
\file{pkg\_version.tar.gz} as obtained from CRAN: these are then
extracted in a temporary directory.  Finally, binary package/bundle
archive files (as created by \code{R CMD build --binary} can be supplied.

Some package sources contain a \file{configure} script that can be
passed arguments or variables via the option \option{--configure-args}
and \option{--configure-vars}, respectively, if necessary.  The latter
is useful in particular if libraries or header files needed for the
package are in non-system directories.  In this case, one can use the
configure variables \code{LIBS} and \code{CPPFLAGS} to specify these
locations (and set these via \option{--configure-vars}), see section
\dQuote{Configuration variables} in \dQuote{R Installation and
Administration} for more information.  (If these are used more than
once on the command line, only the last instance is used.)  One can
bypass the configure mechanism using the option \option{--no-configure}.

If \option{--no-docs} is given, no help files are built.  Options
\option{--no-text}, \option{--no-html}, and \option{--no-latex} suppress
creating the text, HTML, and LaTeX versions, respectively.  The
default is to build help files in all three versions.

If the option \option{--save} is used, the installation procedure
creates a binary image of the package code, which is then loaded when
the package is attached, rather than evaluating the package source at
that time.  Having a file \file{install.R} in the package directory
makes this the default behavior for the package (option
\option{--no-save} overrides).  You may need  \option{--save} if your
package requires other packages to evaluate its own source.  If the
file \file{install.R} is non-empty, it should contain R expressions to
be executed when the package is attached, after loading the saved
image.  Options to be passed to R when creating the save image can be
specified via \option{--save=ARGS}.

Options \option{--lazy}, \option{--no-lazy}, \option{--lazy-data} and
\option{--no-lazy-data} control where the \R{} objects and the datasets
are made available for lazy loading.  (These options are overridden by
any values set in the \file{DESCRIPTION} file.)  The default is
\option{--no-lazy --no-lazy-data} except that lazy-loading is used for
package with more than 25kB of \R{} code and no saved image.

If the attempt to install the package fails, leftovers are removed.
If the package was already installed, the old version is restored.

Use \code{R CMD INSTALL --help} for more usage information.
\end{Details}
\begin{Section}{Packages using the methods package}
Packages that require the methods package, and that use functions such
as \code{\LinkA{setMethod}{setMethod}} or \code{\LinkA{setClass}{setClass}},
should be installed by creating a binary image.

The presence of a file named
\file{install.R} in the package's main directory causes an image to
be saved.  Note that the file is not in the \file{R} subdirectory: all
the code in that subdirectory is used to construct the binary image.

Normally, the file \file{install.R} will be empty; if it does contain
R expressions
these will be evaluated when the package is attached, e.g. by a call to
the function \code{\LinkA{library}{library}}.  (Specifically, the source code
evaluated for a package with a saved image consists of a suitable
definition of \code{.First.lib} to ensure loading of the saved
image, followed by the R code in file \file{install.R}, if any.)
\end{Section}
\begin{Note}\relax
Some binary distributions of \R{} have \code{INSTALL} in a separate
bundle, e.g. an \code{R-devel} RPM.
\end{Note}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\LinkA{REMOVE}{REMOVE}} and \code{\LinkA{library}{library}} for information on
using several library trees;
\code{\LinkA{update.packages}{update.packages}} for automatic update of packages using
the internet;
the section on \dQuote{Add-on packages} in \dQuote{R Installation and
Administration} and
the chapter on \dQuote{Creating R packages} in \dQuote{Writing \R{}
Extensions}
(see the \file{doc/manual} subdirectory of the \R{} source tree).
\end{SeeAlso}

