%%
%% This is file `mathtools.sty',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% mathtools.dtx  (with options: `package')
%% 
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%% 
%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
%% 
%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Morten H\o gholm.
%% 
%% This work consists of the files mathtools.dtx and mathtools.ins
%% and the derived file mathtools.sty.
%% 
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{mathtools}
  [2004/10/10 v1.01a mathematical typesetting tools (MH)]
\RequirePackage{keyval,calc}
\RequirePackage{mhsetup}[2004/10/10]
\MHInternalSyntaxOn
\def\MT_options_name:{mathtools}
\newcommand*\mathtoolsset[1]{\setkeys{\MT_options_name:}{#1}}
\MH_new_boolean:n {fixamsmath}
\DeclareOption{fixamsmath}{
  \MH_set_boolean_T:n {fixamsmath}
}
\DeclareOption{donotfixamsmathbugs}{
  \MH_set_boolean_F:n {fixamsmath}
}
\DeclareOption{allowspaces}{
  \MH_let:NwN \MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
              \relax
    \MH_let:NwN \MH_maybe_nospace_ifnextchar:Nnn \kernel@ifnextchar
}
\DeclareOption{disallowspaces}{
  \MH_let:NwN \MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
              \MHPrecedingSpacesOff
  \MH_let:NwN \MH_maybe_nospace_ifnextchar:Nnn \MH_nospace_ifnextchar:Nnn
}
\DeclareOption*{
  \PassOptionsToPackage{\CurrentOption}{amsmath}
}
\ExecuteOptions{fixamsmath,disallowspaces}
\ProcessOptions\relax
\MHInternalSyntaxOff
\RequirePackage{amsmath}[2000/07/18]
\MHInternalSyntaxOn
\AtEndOfPackage{\MHInternalSyntaxOff}
\def\MT_true_false_error:{
  \PackageError{mathtools}
    {You~ have~ to~ select~ either~ `true'~ or~ `false'}
    {I'll~ assume~ you~ chose~ `false'~ for~ now.}
}
\def\MT_define_tagform:nwnn #1[#2]#3#4{
  \@namedef{MT_tagform_#1:n}##1
    {\maketag@@@{#3\ignorespaces#2{##1}\unskip\@@italiccorr#4}}
}
\providecommand*\newtagform[1]{%
  \@ifundefined{MT_tagform_#1:n}
  {\@ifnextchar[%
    {\MT_define_tagform:nwnn #1}%
    {\MT_define_tagform:nwnn #1[]}%
  }{\PackageError{mathtools}
  {The~ tag~ form~ `#1'~ is~ already~ defined\MessageBreak
  You~ probably~ want~ to~ look~ up~ \@backslashchar renewtagform~
  instead}
  {I~ will~ just~ ignore~ your~ wish~ for~ now.}}
}
\newtagform{default}{(}{)}
\providecommand*\renewtagform[1]{%
  \@ifundefined{MT_tagform_#1:n}
  {\PackageError{mathtools}
  {The~ tag~ form~ `#1'~ is~ not~ defined\MessageBreak
  You~ probably~ want~ to~ look~ up~ \@backslashchar newtagform~ instead}
  {I~ will~ just~ ignore~ your~ wish~ for~ now.}}
  {\@ifnextchar[%
    {\MT_define_tagform:nwnn #1}%
    {\MT_define_tagform:nwnn #1[]}%
  }
}
\providecommand*\usetagform[1]{%
  \@ifundefined{MT_tagform_#1:n}
    {
      \PackageError{mathtools}{%
        You~ have~ chosen~ the~ tag~ form~ `#1'\MessageBreak
        but~ it~ appears~ to~ be~ undefined}
        {I~ will~ use~ the~ default~ tag~ form~ instead.}%
        \@namedef{tagform@}{\@nameuse{MT_tagform_default:n}}
      }
  { \@namedef{tagform@}{\@nameuse{MT_tagform_#1:n}} }
  \MH_if_boolean:nT {show_only_refs}{
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_prev_tagform:n \tagform@
    \def\tagform@##1{\MT_extended_tagform:n {##1}}
  }
}
\MH_new_boolean:n {manual_tag}
\MH_new_boolean:n {raw_maketag}
\MH_let:NwN \MT_AmS_tag_in_align: \tag@in@align
\def\tag@in@align{
  \global\MH_set_boolean_T:n {manual_tag}
  \MT_AmS_tag_in_align:
}
\def\tag@in@display#1#{
  \relax
  \global\MH_set_boolean_T:n {manual_tag}
  \tag@in@display@a{#1}
}
\def\MT_extended_tagform:n #1{
  \MH_set_boolean_F:n {raw_maketag}
  \if_meaning:NN \df@label\@empty
    \MH_if_boolean:nT {manual_tag}
      { \MH_if_boolean:nTF {show_manual_tags}
        { \MT_prev_tagform:n {#1} }
        { \stepcounter{equation}  }
      }
  \else:
    \MH_if_boolean:nTF {manual_tag}
      { \MH_if_boolean:nTF {show_manual_tags}
          { \MT_prev_tagform:n {#1} }
          { \@ifundefined{MT_r_\df@label}
              {  }
              { \MT_prev_tagform:n {#1} }
          }
      }
      { \@ifundefined{MT_r_\df@label}
          { }
          { \refstepcounter{equation}\MT_prev_tagform:n {#1} }
      }
  \fi:
  \global\MH_set_boolean_T:n {raw_maketag}
}
\def\MT_extended_maketag:n #1{
  \ifx\df@label\@empty
    \MT_maketag:n {#1}
  \else:
    \MH_if_boolean:nTF {raw_maketag}
      {
        \MH_if_boolean:nTF {show_manual_tags}
          { \MT_maketag:n {#1} }
          { \@ifundefined{MT_r_\df@label}
              { }
              { \MT_maketag:n {#1}     }
          }
      }
      { \MT_maketag:n {#1} }
  \fi:
  \global\MH_set_boolean_F:n {manual_tag}
}
\def\MT_extended_eqref:n #1{
  \protected@write\@auxout{}
    {\string\MT@newlabel{#1}}
  \textup{\MT_prev_tagform:n {\ref{#1}}}
}
\newcommand*\refeq[1]{
  \textup{\ref{#1}}
}
\def\MT_extended_refeq:n #1{
  \protected@write\@auxout{}
    {\string\MT@newlabel{#1}}
  \textup{\ref{#1}}
}
\newcommand*\MT@newlabel[1]{  \global\@namedef{MT_r_#1}{}  }
\MH_new_boolean:n {show_only_refs}
\MH_new_boolean:n {show_manual_tags}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}{showmanualtags}[true]{
  \@ifundefined{boolean_show_manual_tags_#1:}
    { \MT_true_false_error:
      \@nameuse{boolean_show_manual_tags_false:}
    }
    { \@nameuse{boolean_show_manual_tags_#1:} }
}
\newcommand*\MT_showonlyrefs_true:{
  \MH_if_boolean:nF {show_only_refs}{
    \MH_set_boolean_T:n {show_only_refs}
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_incr_eqnum: \incr@eqnum
    \MH_let:NwN \incr@eqnum \@empty
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_array_parbox_restore: \@arrayparboxrestore
    \@xp\def\@xp\@arrayparboxrestore\@xp{\@arrayparboxrestore
      \MH_let:NwN \incr@eqnum \@empty
    }
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_prev_tagform:n \tagform@
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_eqref:n \eqref
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_refeq:n \refeq
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_maketag:n \maketag@@@
    \MH_let:NwN \maketag@@@ \MT_extended_maketag:n
    \def\tagform@##1{\MT_extended_tagform:n {##1}}
    \MH_let:NwN \eqref \MT_extended_eqref:n
    \MH_let:NwN \refeq \MT_extended_refeq:n
  }
}
\def\MT_showonlyrefs_false: {
  \MH_if_boolean:nT {show_only_refs}{
    \MH_set_boolean_F:n {show_only_refs}
    \MH_let:NwN \tagform@  \MT_prev_tagform:n
    \MH_let:NwN \eqref \MT_eqref:n
    \MH_let:NwN \refeq \MT_refeq:n
    \MH_let:NwN \maketag@@@ \MT_maketag:n
    \MH_let:NwN \incr@eqnum \MT_incr_eqnum:
    \MH_let:NwN \@arrayparboxrestore \MT_array_parbox_restore:
  }
}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}{showonlyrefs}[true]{
  \@nameuse{MT_showonlyrefs_#1:}
}
\renewcommand\nonumber{
  \if@eqnsw
    \if_meaning:NN \incr@eqnum\@empty
      \MH_if_boolean:nF {show_only_refs}
        {\addtocounter{equation}\m@ne}
    \fi:
  \fi:
  \MH_let:NwN \print@eqnum\@empty \MH_let:NwN \incr@eqnum\@empty
  \global\@eqnswfalse
}
\providecommand*\xleftrightarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 3095\MT_leftrightarrow_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\def\MT_leftrightarrow_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\leftarrow\relbar\rightarrow}
\providecommand*\xLeftarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0055{\Leftarrowfill@}{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xRightarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0055{\Rightarrowfill@}{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xLeftrightarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0055{\Leftrightarrowfill@}{#1}{#2}}
\def\MT_rightharpoondown_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\relbar\relbar\rightharpoondown}
\def\MT_rightharpoonup_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\relbar\relbar\rightharpoonup}
\def\MT_leftharpoondown_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\leftharpoondown\relbar\relbar}
\def\MT_leftharpoonup_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\leftharpoonup\relbar\relbar}
\providecommand*\xrightharpoondown[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0359\MT_rightharpoondown_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xrightharpoonup[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0359\MT_rightharpoonup_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xleftharpoondown[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 3095\MT_leftharpoondown_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xleftharpoonup[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 3095\MT_leftharpoonup_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\providecommand*\xleftrightharpoons[2][]{\mathrel{%
  \raise.22ex\hbox{%
    $\ext@arrow 3095\MT_leftharpoonup_fill:{\phantom{#1}}{#2}$}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{%
    $\ext@arrow 0359\MT_rightharpoondown_fill:{#1}{\phantom{#2}}$}%
  \kern-\wd0 \lower.22ex\box0}}
\providecommand*\xrightleftharpoons[2][]{\mathrel{%
  \raise.22ex\hbox{%
    $\ext@arrow 3095\MT_rightharpoonup_fill:{\phantom{#1}}{#2}$}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{%
    $\ext@arrow 0359\MT_leftharpoondown_fill:{#1}{\phantom{#2}}$}%
  \kern-\wd0 \lower.22ex\box0}}
\providecommand*\xhookleftarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 3095\MT_hookleft_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\def\MT_hookleft_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@\leftarrow\relbar{\relbar\joinrel\rhook}}
\providecommand*\xhookrightarrow[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 3095\MT_hookright_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\def\MT_hookright_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@{\lhook\joinrel\relbar}\relbar\rightarrow}
\providecommand*\xmapsto[2][]{%
  \ext@arrow 0395\MT_mapsto_fill:{#1}{#2}}
\def\MT_mapsto_fill:{%
  \arrowfill@{\mapstochar\relbar}\relbar\rightarrow}
\providecommand*\underbracket{
  \@ifnextchar[
    {\MT_underbracket_I:w}
    {\MT_underbracket_I:w[\l_MT_bracketheight_fdim]}}
\def\MT_underbracket_I:w[#1]{
  \@ifnextchar[
    {\MT_underbracket_II:w[#1]}
    {\MT_underbracket_II:w[#1][.7\fontdimen5\textfont2]}}
\def\MT_underbracket_II:w[#1][#2]#3{%
  \mathop{\vtop{\m@th\ialign{##
    \crcr
      $\hfil\displaystyle{#3}\hfil$%
    \crcr
      \noalign{\kern .2\fontdimen5\textfont2 \nointerlineskip}%
      \upbracketfill {#1}{#2}%
    \crcr}}}
  \limits}
\def\upbracketfill#1#2{%
  \sbox\z@{$\braceld$}
  \edef\l_MT_bracketheight_fdim{\the\ht\z@}%
  \upbracketend{#1}{#2}
  \leaders \vrule \@height \z@ \@depth #1 \hfill
  \upbracketend{#1}{#2}%
}
\def\upbracketend#1#2{\vrule \@height #2 \@width #1\relax}
\providecommand*\overbracket{
  \@ifnextchar[
    {\MT_overbracket_I:w}
    {\MT_overbracket_I:w[\l_MT_bracketheight_fdim]}}
\def\MT_overbracket_I:w[#1]{
  \@ifnextchar[
    {\MT_overbracket_II:w[#1]}
    {\MT_overbracket_II:w[#1][.7\fontdimen5\textfont2]}}
\def\MT_overbracket_II:w[#1][#2]#3{%
  \mathop{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##
        \crcr
          \downbracketfill{#1}{#2}%
        \crcr
          \noalign{\kern .2\fontdimen5\textfont2 \nointerlineskip}%
          $\hfil\displaystyle{#3}\hfil$
        \crcr}}}%
  \limits}
\def\downbracketfill#1#2{%
  \sbox\z@{$\braceld$}\edef\l_MT_bracketheight_fdim{\the\ht\z@}
  \downbracketend{#1}{#2}
  \leaders \vrule \@height #1 \@depth \z@ \hfill
  \downbracketend{#1}{#2}%
}
\def\downbracketend#1#2{\vrule \@width #1\@depth #2\relax}
\MH_let:NwN \LaTeXunderbrace \underbrace
\def\underbrace#1{\mathop{\vtop{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
   $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr
   \noalign{\kern.7\fontdimen5\textfont2\nointerlineskip}%
   \upbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern.5\fontdimen5\textfont2}}}}\limits}
\MH_let:NwN \LaTeXoverbrace \overbrace
\def\overbrace#1{\mathop{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
  \noalign{\kern.5\fontdimen5\textfont2}%
  \downbracefill\crcr
  \noalign{\kern.7\fontdimen5\textfont2\nointerlineskip}%
  $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\providecommand*\lparen{(}
\providecommand*\rparen{)}

\def\vcentcolon{\mathrel{\mathop\ordinarycolon}}
\begingroup
  \catcode`\:=\active
  \lowercase{\endgroup
    \ifnum\mathcode`\:=32768\relax
      \let\ordinarycolon= :%
    \else
      \mathchardef\ordinarycolon\mathcode`\: %
    \fi
    \let :\vcentcolon
  }
\MH_new_boolean:n {center_colon}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}{centercolon}[true]{
  \@ifundefined{MT_active_colon_#1:}
    { \MT_true_false_error:n
      \@nameuse{MT_active_colon_false:}
    }
    { \@nameuse{MT_active_colon_#1:} }
}
\def\MT_active_colon_true: {
  \MH_if_boolean:nF {center_colon}{
    \MH_set_boolean_T:n {center_colon}
    \edef\MT_active_colon_false:
      {\mathcode`\noexpand\:=\the\mathcode`\:\relax}
    \mathcode`\:=32768
  }
}
\AtBeginDocument{
  \providecommand*\dblcolon{\vcentcolon\mkern-.9mu\vcentcolon}
  \providecommand*\coloneqq{\vcentcolon\mkern-1.2mu=}
  \providecommand*\Coloneqq{\dblcolon\mkern-1.2mu=}
  \providecommand*\coloneq{\vcentcolon\mkern-1.2mu\mathrel{-}}
  \providecommand*\Coloneq{\dblcolon\mkern-1.2mu\mathrel{-}}
  \providecommand*\eqqcolon{=\mkern-1.2mu\vcentcolon}
  \providecommand*\Eqqcolon{=\mkern-1.2mu\dblcolon}
  \providecommand*\eqcolon{\mathrel{-}\mkern-1.2mu\vcentcolon}
  \providecommand*\Eqcolon{\mathrel{-}\mkern-1.2mu\dblcolon}
  \providecommand*\colonapprox{\vcentcolon\mkern-1.2mu\approx}
  \providecommand*\Colonapprox{\dblcolon\mkern-1.2mu\approx}
  \providecommand*\colonsim{\vcentcolon\mkern-1.2mu\sim}
  \providecommand*\Colonsim{\dblcolon\mkern-1.2mu\sim}
}
\MH_new_boolean:n {mult_firstline}
\MH_new_boolean:n {outer_mult}
\newcount\g_MT_multlinerow_int
\newdimen\l_MT_multwidth_dim
\newcommand*\MT_test_for_tcb_other:nnnnn [1]{
  \if:w t#1\relax
    \expandafter\MH_use_choice_i:nnnn
  \else:
    \if:w c#1\relax
      \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\MH_use_choice_ii:nnnn
    \else:
      \if:w b#1\relax
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
        \MH_use_choice_iii:nnnn
      \else:
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
        \MH_use_choice_iv:nnnn
      \fi:
    \fi:
  \fi:
}
\def\MT_mult_invisible_line: {
  \crcr
  \global\MH_set_boolean_F:n {mult_firstline}
  \hbox to \l_MT_multwidth_dim{}\crcr
  \noalign{\vskip-\baselineskip \vskip-\normallineskip}
}
\def\MT_mult_mathcr_atat:w [#1]{%
  \if_num:w 0=`{\fi: \iffalse}\fi:
  \MH_if_boolean:nT {mult_firstline}{
    \kern\l_MT_mult_left_fdim
    \MT_mult_invisible_line:
  }
  \crcr
  \noalign{\vskip#1\relax}
  \global\advance\g_MT_multlinerow_int\@ne
  \if_num:w \g_MT_multlinerow_int=\l_MT_multline_lastline_fint
    \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@\MT_mult_last_mathcr:w
  \fi:
}
\def\MT_mult_firstandlast_mathcr:w [#1]{%
  \if_num:w 0=`{\fi: \iffalse}\fi:
  \kern\l_MT_mult_left_fdim
  \MT_mult_invisible_line:
  \noalign{\vskip#1\relax}
  \kern\l_MT_mult_right_fdim
}
\def\MT_mult_last_mathcr:w [#1]{
  \if_num:w 0=`{\fi: \iffalse}\fi:\math@cr@@@
  \noalign{\vskip#1\relax}
  \kern\l_MT_mult_right_fdim}
\newcommand\MT_start_mult:N [1]{
  \MT_test_for_tcb_other:nnnnn {#1}
    { \MH_let:NwN \MT_next:\vtop }
    { \MH_let:NwN \MT_next:\vcenter }
    { \MH_let:NwN \MT_next:\vbox }
    {
      \PackageError{mathtools}
        {Invalid~ position~ specifier.~ I'll~ try~ to~ recover~ with~
        `c'}\@ehc
    }
  \collect@body\MT_mult_internal:n
}
\newcommand*\MT_shoveright:wn [2][0pt]{%
  #2\hfilneg
  \setlength\@tempdima{#1}
  \kern\@tempdima
}
\newcommand*\MT_shoveleft:wn [2][0pt]{%
  \hfilneg
  \setlength\@tempdima{#1}
  \kern\@tempdima
  #2
}
\newcommand*\MT_mult_internal:n [1]{
 \MH_if_boolean:nF {outer_mult}{\null\,}
  \MT_next:
  \bgroup
    \Let@
    \def\l_MT_multline_lastline_fint{0 }
    \chardef\dspbrk@context\@ne \restore@math@cr
    \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@\MT_mult_mathcr_atat:w
    \MH_let:NwN \shoveleft\MT_shoveleft:wn
    \MH_let:NwN \shoveright\MT_shoveright:wn
    \spread@equation
    \MH_set_boolean_F:n {mult_firstline}
    \MT_measure_mult:n {#1}
    \if_dim:w \l_MT_multwidth_dim<\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim
      \MH_setlength:dn \l_MT_multwidth_dim{\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim}
    \fi
    \MH_set_boolean_T:n {mult_firstline}
    \if_num:w \l_MT_multline_lastline_fint=\@ne
      \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@ \MT_mult_firstandlast_mathcr:w
    \fi:
    \ialign\bgroup
      \hfil\strut@$\m@th\displaystyle{}##$\hfil
      \crcr
      \hfilneg
      #1
}
\newcommand\MT_measure_mult:n [1]{
  \begingroup
    \g_MT_multlinerow_int\@ne
    \MH_let:NwN \label\MT_gobblelabel:w
    \MH_let:NwN \tag\gobble@tag
    \setbox\z@\vbox{
      \ialign{\strut@$\m@th\displaystyle{}##$
        \crcr
        #1
        \crcr
      }
    }
    \xdef\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim{\the\wdz@}
    \advance\g_MT_multlinerow_int\m@ne
    \xdef\l_MT_multline_lastline_fint{\number\g_MT_multlinerow_int}
  \endgroup
  \g_MT_multlinerow_int\@ne
}
\MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
\newcommand*\MT_multlined_second_arg:w [1][\@empty]{
  \MT_test_for_tcb_other:nnnnn {#1}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {
      \if_meaning:NN \@empty#1\@empty
      \else:
        \setlength \l_MT_multwidth_dim{#1}
      \fi:
    }
  \MT_start_mult:N \MT_mult_default_pos:
}
\newenvironment{multlined}[1][]
  {
  \MT_test_for_tcb_other:nnnnn {#1}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
    {
      \if_meaning:NN \@empty#1\@empty
      \else:
        \setlength \l_MT_multwidth_dim{#1}
      \fi:
    }
    \MT_multlined_second_arg:w
  }
  {
    \hfilneg  \endaligned
  }
\MHPrecedingSpacesOn
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {firstline-afterskip}{\def\l_MT_mult_left_fdim{#1}}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {lastline-preskip}{\def\l_MT_mult_right_fdim{#1}}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {multlined-width}{\setlength \l_MT_multwidth_dim{#1}}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {multlined-pos}{\def\MT_mult_default_pos:{#1}}
\setkeys{\MT_options_name:}{
  firstline-afterskip=\multlinegap,
  lastline-preskip=\multlinegap,
  multlined-width=0pt,
  multlined-pos=c,
}
\def\MT_gobblelabel:w #1{}
\newcommand*\DeclarePairedDelimiter[3]{%
  \@ifdefinable{#1}{
    \edef\MT_next: {\MH_cs_to_str:N #1}
    \@namedef{MT_delim_\MT_next: _star:}##1
        {\left#2 ##1 \right #3}%
    \@xp\@xp\@xp
      \newcommand
        \@xp\csname MT_delim_\MT_next: _nostar:\endcsname[2][\\@gobble]
        { \edef\MT_next: {\MH_cs_to_str:N ##1}
          \@nameuse {\MT_next: l} #2 ##2 \@nameuse {\MT_next: r} #3}
    \newcommand{#1}{
      \@ifstar
        {\@nameuse{MT_delim_\MH_cs_to_str:N #1 _star:}}
        {\@nameuse{MT_delim_\MH_cs_to_str:N #1 _nostar:}}
    }
  }
}
\def\MT_start_cases:nn #1#2{
  \RIfM@\else
      \nonmatherr@{\begin{\@currenvir}}%
  \fi
  \left\lbrace
  \vcenter \bgroup
      \Let@ \chardef\dspbrk@context\@ne \restore@math@cr
      \spread@equation
      \ialign\bgroup
        \strut@$\m@th\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&#1\strut@
        #2
        \crcr
}
\newcommand*\newcases[3]{
  \newenvironment{#1}
    {\MT_start_cases:nn {#2}{#3}}
    {\endaligned\right.}
}
\newcommand*\renewcases[3]{
  \renewenvironment{#1}
    {\MT_start_cases:nn {#2}{#3}}
    {\endaligned\right.}
}
\newcases{dcases}{\quad}{$\m@th\displaystyle{##}$\hfil}
\newcases{dcases*}{\quad}{{##}\hfil}
\def\MT_matrix_begin:N #1{%
  \hskip -\arraycolsep
  \MH_let:NwN \@ifnextchar \MH_nospace_ifnextchar:Nnn
  \array{*\c@MaxMatrixCols #1}}
\def\MT_matrix_end:{\endarray \hskip -\arraycolsep}
\MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
\newenvironment{matrix*}[1][c]
  {\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:}
\newenvironment{pmatrix*}[1][c]
  {\left(\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:\right)}
\newenvironment{bmatrix*}[1][c]
  {\left[\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:\right]}
\newenvironment{Bmatrix*}[1][c]
  {\left\lbrace\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:\right\rbrace}
\newenvironment{vmatrix*}[1][c]
  {\left\lvert\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:\right\rvert}
\newenvironment{Vmatrix*}[1][c]
  {\left\lVert\MT_matrix_begin:N #1}
  {\MT_matrix_end:\right\lVert}
\MHPrecedingSpacesOn
\newcommand*\smashoperator[2][lr]{
  \def\MT_smop_use:NNNNN {\@nameuse{MT_smop_smash_#1:NNNNN}}
  \toks@{#2}
  \expandafter\MT_smop_get_args:wwwNnNn
    \the\toks@\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@@nil
}
\def\MT_smop_remove_nil_vi:N #1\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil{#1}
\def\MT_smop_mathop:n {\mathop}
\def\MT_smop_limits: {\limits}
\MH_new_boolean:n {smop_one}
\MH_new_boolean:n {smop_two}
\def\MT_smop_get_args:wwwNnNn #1#2#3#4#5#6#7\@@nil{%
  \begingroup
    \def\MT_smop_arg_A: {#1} \def\MT_smop_arg_B: {#2}
    \def\MT_smop_arg_C: {#3} \def\MT_smop_arg_D: {#4}
    \def\MT_smop_arg_E: {#5} \def\MT_smop_arg_F: {#6}
    \def\MT_smop_arg_G: {#7}
    \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_A: \MT_smop_mathop:n
      \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_C:\MT_smop_limits:
        \def\MT_smop_final_arg_A:{#1{#2}}%
        \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_D: \@nnil
        \else:
          \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_one}
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_arg_D:
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_C: \MT_smop_arg_E:
          \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_F: \@nnil
          \else:
            \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_two}
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_arg_F:
            \edef\MT_smop_final_arg_E:
              {\expandafter\MT_smop_remove_nil_vi:N \MT_smop_arg_G: }
          \fi:
        \fi:
      \else:
        \def\MT_smop_final_arg_A:{#1{#2}}%
        \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_D: \@nnil
        \else:
          \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_one}
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_arg_C:
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_C: \MT_smop_arg_D:
          \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_F: \@nnil
          \else:
            \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_two}
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_arg_E:
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_E: \MT_smop_arg_F:
          \fi:
        \fi:
      \fi:
    \else:
      \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_B:\MT_smop_limits:
        \def\MT_smop_final_arg_A:{#1}%
        \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_D: \@nnil
        \else:
          \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_one}
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_arg_C:
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_C: \MT_smop_arg_D:
          \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_F: \@nnil
          \else:
            \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_two}
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_arg_E:
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_E: \MT_smop_arg_F:
          \fi:
        \fi:
      \else:
        \def\MT_smop_final_arg_A:{#1}%
        \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_C: \@nnil
        \else:
          \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_one}
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_arg_B:
          \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_C: \MT_smop_arg_C:
          \if_meaning:NN \MT_smop_arg_D: \@nnil
          \else:
            \MH_set_boolean_T:n {smop_two}
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_arg_D:
            \MH_let:NwN \MT_smop_final_arg_E: \MT_smop_arg_E:
          \fi:
        \fi:
      \fi:
    \fi:
    \MH_if_boolean:nT {smop_one}{
      \MT_smop_measure:NNNNN
      \MT_smop_final_arg_A: \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_final_arg_C:
      \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_final_arg_E:
    }
    \MT_smop_use:NNNNN
      \MT_smop_final_arg_A: \MT_smop_final_arg_B: \MT_smop_final_arg_C:
      \MT_smop_final_arg_D: \MT_smop_final_arg_E:
  \endgroup
}
\def\MT_smop_needed_args:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5{%
  \displaystyle #1
  \MH_if_boolean:nT {smop_one}{
    \limits#2{\MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#3}}
    \MH_if_boolean:nT {smop_two}{
      #4{\MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#5}}
    }
  }
}
\def\MT_smop_measure:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5{%
  \MH_let:NwN \MT_saved_mathclap:Nn \MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn
  \MH_let:NwN \MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn \@secondoftwo
  \sbox\z@{$\m@th\MT_smop_needed_args:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5$}
  \MH_let:NwN \MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn \MT_saved_mathclap:Nn
  \sbox\tw@{$\m@th\displaystyle#1$}
  \@tempdima=.5\wd0
  \advance\@tempdima-.5\wd2
}
\def\MT_smop_smash_l:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5{
  \MT_smop_needed_args:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5\kern\@tempdima
}
\def\MT_smop_smash_r:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5{
  \kern\@tempdima\MT_smop_needed_args:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5
}
\def\MT_smop_smash_lr:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5{
  \MT_smop_needed_args:NNNNN #1#2#3#4#5
}
\def\MT_vphantom:Nn {\v@true\h@false\MT_internal_phantom:N}
\def\MT_hphantom:Nn {\v@false\h@true\MT_internal_phantom:N}
\def\MT_phantom:Nn {\v@true\h@true\MT_internal_phantom:N}
\def\MT_internal_phantom:N #1{
  \ifmmode
    \expandafter\mathph@nt\expandafter#1
  \else
    \expandafter\makeph@nt
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\adjustlimits[6]{
  \sbox\z@{$\m@th \displaystyle #1$}
  \sbox\tw@{$\m@th \displaystyle #4$}
  \@tempdima=\dp\z@ \advance\@tempdima-\dp\tw@
  \if_dim:w \@tempdima>\z@
    \mathop{#1}\limits#2{#3}
  \else:
    \mathop{#1\MT_vphantom:Nn \displaystyle{#4}}\limits
    #2{
        \def\finsm@sh{\ht\z@\z@ \box\z@}
        \mathsm@sh\scriptstyle{\MT_cramped_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#3}}
        \MT_vphantom:Nn \scriptstyle
          {\MT_cramped_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#6}}
    }
  \fi:
  \if_dim:w \@tempdima>\z@
    \mathop{#4\MT_vphantom:Nn \displaystyle{#1}}\limits
    #5
    {
      \MT_vphantom:Nn \scriptstyle
        {\MT_cramped_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#3}}
      \def\finsm@sh{\ht\z@\z@ \box\z@}
      \mathsm@sh\scriptstyle{\MT_cramped_internal:Nn \scriptstyle{#6}}
    }
  \else:
    \mathop{#4}\limits#5{#6}
  \fi:
}
\def\shortintertext#1{%
  \ifvmode\else\\\@empty\fi
  \noalign{%
    \penalty\postdisplaypenalty\vskip\abovedisplayshortskip
    \vbox{\normalbaselines
      \if_dim:w \linewidth=\columnwidth
      \else:
        \parshape\@ne \@totalleftmargin \linewidth
      \fi:
      \noindent#1\par}%
    \penalty\predisplaypenalty\vskip\abovedisplayshortskip%
  }%
}
\providecommand*\clap[1]{\hb@xt@\z@{\hss#1\hss}}
\providecommand*\mathllap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_mathllap:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_mathllap:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\providecommand*\mathrlap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_mathrlap:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_mathrlap:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\providecommand*\mathclap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_mathclap:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_mathclap:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\def\MT_mathllap:Nn #1#2{{}\llap{$\m@th#1{#2}$}}
\def\MT_mathrlap:Nn #1#2{{}\rlap{$\m@th#1{#2}$}}
\def\MT_mathclap:Nn #1#2{{}\clap{$\m@th#1{#2}$}}
\providecommand*\mathmbox{\mathpalette\MT_mathmbox:nn}
\def\MT_mathmbox:nn #1#2{\mbox{$\m@th#1#2$}}
\providecommand*\mathmakebox{
  \@ifnextchar[  \MT_mathmakebox_I:w
                 \mathmbox}
\def\MT_mathmakebox_I:w[#1]{%
  \@ifnextchar[  {\MT_mathmakebox_II:w[#1]}
                 {\MT_mathmakebox_II:w[#1][c]}}
\def\MT_mathmakebox_II:w[#1][#2]{
  \mathpalette{\MT_mathmakebox_III:w[#1][#2]}}
\def\MT_mathmakebox_III:w[#1][#2]#3#4{%
  \@begin@tempboxa\hbox{$\m@th#3#4$}%
    \setlength\@tempdima{#1}%
    \hbox{\hb@xt@\@tempdima{\csname bm@#2\endcsname}}%
  \@end@tempboxa}
\def\mathsm@sh#1#2{%
  \setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}{}\finsm@sh}
\providecommand*\cramped[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_cramped_internal:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_cramped_internal:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\def\MT_cramped_internal:Nn #1#2{
  \sbox\z@{$\m@th#1\nulldelimiterspace=\z@\radical\z@{#2}$}
    \ifx#1\displaystyle
      \dimen@=\fontdimen8\textfont3
      \advance\dimen@ .25\fontdimen5\textfont2
    \else
      \dimen@=1.25\fontdimen8
      \ifx#1\textstyle\textfont
      \else
        \ifx#1\scriptstyle
          \scriptfont
        \else
          \scriptscriptfont
        \fi
      \fi
      3
    \fi
    \advance\dimen@-\ht\z@ \ht\z@=-\dimen@
    \box\z@
}
\providecommand*\crampedllap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_cramped_llap_internal:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_cramped_llap_internal:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\def\MT_cramped_llap_internal:Nn #1#2{
  {}\llap{\MT_cramped_internal:Nn #1{#2}}
}
\providecommand*\crampedclap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\def\MT_cramped_clap_internal:Nn #1#2{
  {}\clap{\MT_cramped_internal:Nn #1{#2}}
}
\providecommand*\crampedrlap[1][\@empty]{
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
    \expandafter \mathpalette \expandafter \MT_cramped_rlap_internal:Nn
  \else
    \expandafter \MT_cramped_rlap_internal:Nn \expandafter #1
  \fi
}
\def\MT_cramped_rlap_internal:Nn #1#2{
  {}\rlap{\MT_cramped_internal:Nn #1{#2}}
}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\prescript}[3]{
  \@mathmeasure\z@\scriptstyle{\MT_prescript_sup:{#1}}
  \@mathmeasure\tw@\scriptstyle{\MT_prescript_sub:{#2}}
  \if_dim:w \wd\tw@>\wd\z@
    \setbox\z@\hbox to\wd\tw@{\hfil\unhbox\z@}
  \else:
    \setbox\tw@\hbox to\wd\z@{\hfil\unhbox\tw@}
  \fi:
  \mathop{}
  \mathopen{\vphantom{\MT_prescript_arg:{#3}}}^{\box\z@}\sb{\box\tw@}
  \MT_prescript_arg:{#3}
}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {prescript-sup-format}{\def\MT_prescript_sup:{#1}}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {prescript-sub-format}{\def\MT_prescript_sub:{#1}}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}
  {prescript-arg-format}{\def\MT_prescript_arg:{#1}}
\setkeys{\MT_options_name:}{
  prescript-sup-format={},
  prescript-sub-format={},
  prescript-arg-format={},
}
\def\@DeclareMathSizes #1#2#3#4#5{%
  \@defaultunits\dimen@ #2pt\relax\@nnil
  \if:w $#3$%
    \MH_let:cN {S@\strip@pt\dimen@}\math@fontsfalse
  \else:
    \@defaultunits\dimen@ii #3pt\relax\@nnil
    \@defaultunits\@tempdima #4pt\relax\@nnil
    \@defaultunits\@tempdimb #5pt\relax\@nnil
    \toks@{#1}%
    \expandafter\xdef\csname S@\strip@pt\dimen@\endcsname{%
      \gdef\noexpand\tf@size{\strip@pt\dimen@ii}%
      \gdef\noexpand\sf@size{\strip@pt\@tempdima}%
      \gdef\noexpand\ssf@size{\strip@pt\@tempdimb}%
      \the\toks@
    }%
  \fi:
}
\def\MT_mathic_true: {
  \MH_if_boolean:nF {math_italic_corr}{
    \MH_set_boolean_T:n {math_italic_corr}
    \MH_let:NwN \MT_begin_inlinemath: \(
    \renewcommand*\({\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else
      \ifhmode
        \if_dim:w \fontdimen\@ne\font>\z@
          \if_dim:w \lastskip>\z@
            \skip@\lastskip\unskip
            \@@italiccorr
            \hskip\skip@
          \else:
            \@@italiccorr
          \fi:
        \fi:
      \fi:
      $\fi:
    }
  }
}
\def\MT_mathic_false: {
  \MH_if_boolean:nT {math_italic_corr}{
    \MH_set_boolean_F:n {math_italic_corr}
    \MH_let:NwN \( \MT_begin_inlinemath:
  }
}
\MH_new_boolean:n {math_italic_corr}
\define@key{\MT_options_name:}{mathic}[true]{
  \@ifundefined{MT_mathic_#1:}
    { \MT_true_false_error:
      \@nameuse{MT_mathic_false:}
    }
    { \@nameuse{MT_mathic_#1:} }
}
\newenvironment{spreadlines}[1]{
  \setlength{\jot}{#1}
  \ignorespaces
}{ \ignorespacesafterend }
\MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
\newenvironment{MT_gathered_env}[1][c]{%
    \RIfM@\else
        \nonmatherr@{\begin{\@currenvir}}%
    \fi
    \null\,%
    \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi\fi \bgroup
        \Let@ \chardef\dspbrk@context\@ne \restore@math@cr
        \spread@equation
        \ialign\bgroup
            \MT_gathered_pre:
            \strut@$\m@th\displaystyle##$
            \MT_gathered_post:
            \crcr
}{%
  \endaligned
  \MT_gathered_env_end:
}
\MHPrecedingSpacesOn
\newcommand*\newgathered[4]{
  \newenvironment{#1}
    { \def\MT_gathered_pre:{#2}
      \def\MT_gathered_post:{#3}
      \def\MT_gathered_env_end:{#4}
      \MT_gathered_env
    }{\endMT_gathered_env}
}
\newcommand*\renewgathered[4]{
  \renewenvironment{#1}
    { \def\MT_gathered_pre:{#2}
      \def\MT_gathered_post:{#3}
      \def\MT_gathered_env_end:{#4}
      \MT_gathered_env
    }{\endMT_gathered_env}
}
\newgathered{lgathered}{}{\hfil}{}
\newgathered{rgathered}{\hfil}{}{}
\renewgathered{gathered}{\hfil}{\hfil}{}
\newcommand*\splitfrac[2]{%
  \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{1}%
    {\textstyle#1\quad\hfill}%
    {\textstyle\hfill\quad\mathstrut#2}%
}
\newcommand*\splitdfrac[2]{%
  \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{0}{#1\quad\hfill}{\hfill\quad\mathstrut #2}%
}
\MH_if_boolean:nT {fixamsmath}{
\def\place@tag{%
  \iftagsleft@
    \kern-\tagshift@
    \if@fleqn
      \if_num:w \xatlevel@=\tw@
        \kern-\@mathmargin
      \fi:
    \fi:
    \if:w 1\shift@tag\row@\relax
      \rlap{\vbox{%
        \normalbaselines
        \boxz@
        \vbox to\lineht@{}%
        \raise@tag
      }}%
    \else:
      \rlap{\boxz@}%
    \fi:
    \kern\displaywidth@
  \else:
    \kern-\tagshift@
    \if:w 1\shift@tag\row@\relax
      \llap{\vtop{%
        \raise@tag
        \normalbaselines
        \setbox\@ne\null
        \dp\@ne\lineht@
        \box\@ne
        \boxz@
      }}%
    \else:
      \llap{\boxz@}%
    \fi:
  \fi:
}
\def\x@calc@shift@lf{%
  \if_dim:w \eqnshift@=\z@
    \global\eqnshift@\@mathmargin\relax
      \alignsep@\displaywidth
      \advance\alignsep@-\totwidth@
      \if_num:w \@tempcntb=0
      \else:
        \global\divide\alignsep@\@tempcntb % original line
      \fi:
      \if_dim:w \alignsep@<\minalignsep\relax
        \global\alignsep@\minalignsep\relax
      \fi:
  \fi:
  \if_dim:w \tag@width\row@>\@tempdima
    \saveshift@1%
  \else:
    \saveshift@0%
  \fi:}%
}
\MaybeMHPrecedingSpacesOff
\renewcommand\aligned@a[1][c]{\start@aligned{#1}\m@ne}
\MHPrecedingSpacesOn
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `mathtools.sty'.
