# Arbeta med paneler

Det här kapitlet beskriver hur man använder panelerna i över- och underkant av GNOME-skrivbordet, hur man anpassar objekten som visas på dem, och hur man lägger till nya paneler på skrivbordet.

## Introduktion

A panel is an area in the GNOME Desktop where you have access to certain actions and information, no matter what the state of your application windows. For example, in the default GNOME panels, you can launch applications, see the date and time, control the system sound volume, and more.

You can customize panels to your liking. You can change their behavior and appearance, and you can add or remove objects from your panels. You can create multiple panels, and choose different properties, objects, and backgrounds for each panel. You can also hide panels.

By default, the GNOME Desktop contains a panel at the top edge of the screen, and a panel at the bottom edge of the screen. The following sections describe these panels.

### Överkantspanel

By default, the top edge panel contains the following objects:

Din utgåva av GNOME kan har ändrat den här standardinställningen.

Panelprogrammet Menyrad

  The panel menubar contains the Applications, the Places, and the System menu. For more on the menu bar, see .

Web Browser Launcher

  Klicka på den här programstartaren för att öppna webbläsaren.

Panelprogrammet Notifieringsyta

  Displays icons from other applications that may require your attention, or that you may want to access without switching from your current application window. For more on this, see .

  Until an application adds an icon to the notification area, only a narrow bar is visible.

Panelprogrammet Klocka

  Clock shows the current time. Click on the time to open a small calendar. For more on this, see the Clock Applet Manual.

Panelprogrammet Volymkontroll

  Volume Control enables you to control the volume of the speaker on your system. For more on this, see the Volume Control Manual.

Window Selector icon

  Window Selector lists all your open windows. To give focus to a window, click on the window selector icon at the extreme right of the top edge panel, then select the window. For more on this, see .

### Nederkantspanel

By default, the bottom edge panel contains the following objects:

Din utgåva av GNOME kan har ändrat den här standardinställningen.

Knappen Visa skrivbord

  Klicka på den här knappen för att minimera alla öppna fönster och visa skrivbordet.

Panelprogrammet Fönsterlista

  Displays a button for each window that is open. Window List enables you to minimize and restore windows. For more on this, see the Window List manual.

Panelprogrammet Arbetsytebytare

  Enables you to switch between your workspaces. For more on workspaces, see .

## Hantera paneler

Följande sektioner beskriver hur du hanterar dina paneler.

To interact with a panel, you must click on the vacant space on the panel, rather than any of the objects it holds. You can also middle-click or right-click on one of the hide buttons to select the panel, if the panel has no vacant space. If the hide buttons are not visible on a panel, modify the properties of the panel so that the hide buttons are visible.

### Flytta en panel

Drag a panel to another side of the screen to move it there. Click on any vacant space on the panel to begin the drag.

A panel that is not set to expand to the full width of the screen can be dragged away from the edge of the screen and placed anywhere. See for details on how to set a panel's expand property.

### Panelegenskaper

You can change the properties of each panel, such as the position of the panel, the hide behavior, and the visual appearance.

To modify the properties of a panel, right-click on a vacant space on the panel, then choose Properties. The Panel Properties dialog contains two tabbed sections, General and Background.

#### General Properties Tab

In the General tab, you can modify panel size, position, and hiding properties. The following table describes the dialog elements on the General tabbed section:

Dialogelement | Beskrivning
--- | ---
Orientering | Select the position of the panel on your screen. Click on the required position for the panel.
Storlek | Use the spin box to specify the size of the panel.
Expand | By default, a panel expands to the full length of the edge of the screen where it is located. A panel that does not expand can be moved away from the screen edges to any part of the screen.
Autohide | Select this option if you want the panel to only be fully visible when the mouse pointer is over it. The panel hides off-screen along its principal edge, leaving a narrow part along the edge of the desktop. Move the mouse pointer over the visible part of the panel to make it move fully into the screen.
Show hide buttons | Select this option to display hide buttons at each end of your panel. Clicking on a hide button moves the panel lenthways, hiding it off-screen except for the hide button at the opposite end. Click this hide button to restore the panel to being fully visible.
Arrows on hide button | Select this option to display arrows on the hide buttons, if the hide button is enabled.

#### Background Properties Tab

You can choose the type of background for the panel in the Background tab. The choices are as follows:

Dialogelement | Beskrivning
--- | ---
None (use system theme) | Select this option to have the panel use the settings in the Theme preference tool. This keeps your panel's background looking the same as the rest of the desktop and applications.
Solid color | Select this option to specify a single color for the panel background. Click on the Color button to display the color selector dialog. Choose the color that you require from the color selector dialog. Use the Style slider to specify the degree of transparency or opaqueness for the color. For example, to make the panel transparent, move the slider to the Transparent end.
Bakgrundsbild | Select this option to specify an image for the panel background. Click on the button to browse for the file. When you have selected the file, click OK.

You can also drag a color or image on to a panel to set the color or image as the background of the panel. You can drag a color or image from many applications. For example:

- You can drag a color from any color selector dialog.

- You can drag an image file from the Nautilus file manager to set it as the background of the panel.

- You can drag a color or a pattern from the Backgrounds and Emblems dialog in Nautilus file manager to a panel to set it as the background.

Klicka på Stäng för att stänga dialogrutan Panelegenskaper.

### Dölj en panel

You can hide or show panels. To hide a panel, use a hide button. If the hide buttons are not visible on a panel, modify the panel properties so that the hide buttons are visible.

Hide buttons are at either end of a panel. The hide buttons contain an optional arrow icon. The following illustration shows hide buttons.

A horizontal panel and a vertical panel, both with hide buttons.

To hide a panel, click on one of the hide buttons. The panel reduces in the direction of the arrow on the hide button. The hide button at the other end of the panel remains visible.

To show a hidden panel again, click on the visible hide button. The panel expands in the direction of the arrow on the hide button. Both hide buttons are now visible.

You can set a panel to autohide. When you set autohide, the panel hides automatically when the mouse is not pointing to the panel. The panel reappears when you point to the part of the screen where the panel resides. To set your panel to autohide, modify the properties of the panel.

### Lägg till en ny panel

To add a panel, right-click on a vacant space on any panel, then choose New Panel. The new panel is added to the GNOME Desktop. The new panel contains no objects. You can customize the new panel to suit your preferences.

### Ta bort en panel

To delete a panel from the GNOME Desktop, right-click on the panel that you want to delete, then choose Delete This Panel.

You must always have at least one panel in the GNOME Desktop. If you have only one panel in the GNOME Desktop, you cannot delete that panel.

## Panelobjekt

This section describes the objects that you can add to your panels, and use from your panels.

### Interagera med panelobjekt

You use the mouse buttons to interact with a panel object in the following ways:

Vänsterklick

  Startar panelobjektet.

Mittenklick

  Enables you to grab an object, then drag the object to a new location.

Högerklick

  Opens the panel object popup menu.

#### Välj ett panelprogram

Some restrictions apply on where you can click on an applet in order to display the panel object popup menu, or to move the applet, as follows:

- Some applets have popup menus of applet-specific commands that open when you right-click on particular parts of the applet. For example, the Window List applet has a vertical handle on the left side, and buttons that represent your windows on the right side. To open the panel object popup menu for the Window List applet, you must right-click on the handle. If you right-click on a button on the right side, a popup menu for the button opens.

- Some applets have areas that you cannot use to select the applet. For example, the Command Line applet has a field in which you enter commands. You cannot middle-click or right-click on this field to select the applet. Instead, middle-click or right-click on another part of the applet.

### Lägg till ett objekt till en panel

To add an object to a panel, perform the following steps:

1. Right-click on a vacant space on a panel to open the panel popup menu.

2. Välj Lägg till i panel.

   The Add to Panel dialog opens.The available panel objects are listed alphabetically, with launchers at the top.

   You can type a part of the name or description of an object in the find box. This will narrow the list to those objects that match what you type.

   To restore the full list, delete the text in the find box.

3. Either drag an object from the list to a panel, or select an object from the list and click Add to add it at the spot on the panel where you first right-clicked.

You can add also add any item in the Applications menu to the panel: right-click the menu item and choose Add this launcher to panel.

Each launcher corresponds to a `.desktop` file. You can drag the `.desktop` file on to your panels to add the launcher to the panel.

### Ändra egenskaper för ett objekt

Some panel objects, such as launchers and drawers, have a set of associated properties. The properties are different for each type of object. The properties specify details such as the following:

- The command that starts a launcher application.

- The location of the source files for a menu.

- The icon that represents the object.

To modify the properties of an object perform the following steps:

1. Right-click on the object to open the panel object popup menu, as shown in .

   #### Panel Object Popup Menu

   Panel object popup menu. Menu items: Properties, Remove From Panel, Lock, Move.

2. Choose Properties. Use the Properties dialog to modify the properties as required. The properties in the Properties dialog depend on which object you select in step 1.

3. Click OK to apply the changes, then close the Properties dialog.

### Flytta ett panelobjekt

You can move panel objects within a panel, and from one panel to another panel. You can also move objects between panels and drawers.

To move a panel object, middle-click and hold on the object and drag the object to a new location. When you release the middle mouse button, the object anchors at the new location.

Alternatively, you can use the panel object popup menu to move an object, as follows:

1. Right-click on the object, then choose Move.

2. Point to the new location for the object, then click any mouse button to anchor the object to the new location. This location can be on any panel that is currently in the GNOME Desktop.

Movement of a panel object affects the position of other objects on the panel. To control how objects move on a panel, you can specify a movement mode. To specify the movement mode, press one of the following keys as you move the panel object:

Tangent | Movement Mode | Beskrivning
--- | --- | ---
Ingen tangent | Switched movement | The object swaps places with other panel objects. Switched movement is the default movement mode.
Alt key | Free movement | The object jumps over other panel objects into the next vacant space on the panel.
Skift-tangent | Push movement | The object pushes other panel objects further along the panel.

### Lås ett panelobjekt

You can lock panel objects so that the objects stay in the same position on the panel. This feature is useful if you do not want some panel objects to change position when you move other panel objects.

To lock an object to the current location of the object in the panel, right-click on the object to open the panel object popup menu, then choose Lock. To unlock the object, right-click on the object, then choose Unlock.

### Ta bort ett panelobjekt

To remove an object from a panel right-click on the object to open the panel object popup menu, then choose Remove From Panel.

## Panelprogram

An applet is a small application whose user interface resides within a panel. You use the applet panel object to interact with the applet. For example, the following figure shows the following applets, from left to right:

- Window List: Displays the windows currently open on your system.

- CD Player: Enables you to control the compact disc player on your system.

- Volume Control: Enables you to control the volume of the speaker on your system.

Sample applets. The context describes the graphic.

## Programstartare

A launcher is an object that performs a specific action when you open it.

You can find launchers in the panels, in the panel menubar, and on the desktop. A launcher is represented by an icon in all of these locations.

Du kan använda en programstartare för att göra något av följande:

- Starta ett specifikt program.

- Kör ett kommando.

- Öppna en mapp.

- Öppna en webbläsare på en specifik sida på webben.

- Open special Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). The GNOME Desktop contains special URIs that enable you to access particular functions from the file manager.

You can modify the properties of a launcher. For example, the properties of a launcher include the name of the launcher, the icon that represents the launcher, and how the launcher runs. For more on this, see .

In certain situations, a launcher in a menu might not show an icon. For example, if it specifies no icon to display, or if the entire menu is set to show no icons.

### Lägg till en programstartare till en panel

Du kan lägga till en programstartare till en panel på ett av följande sätt:

- From the panel popup menu

  Right-click on any vacant space on the panel, then choose Add to Panel. The Add to Panel dialog opens.

  To create a new launcher, select Custom Application Launcher from the list. A Create Launcher dialog is displayed. For more information on the properties in this dialog, see .

  Alternatively, to add an existing launcher to the panel, select Application Launcher from the list. Choose the launcher that you want to add from the list of menu items.

- From any menu

  To add a launcher to a panel from any menu, perform one of the following steps:

  - Open a menu that contains the launcher. Drag the launcher on to the panel.

  - Open the menu that contains the launcher from the panel where you want the launcher to reside. Right-click on the title of the launcher. Choose Add this launcher to panel.

- Från filhanteraren

  To add a launcher to a panel from the file manager, find the `.desktop` file for the launcher in your file system, then drag the `.desktop` file to the panel.

### Ändra en programstartare

To modify the properties of a launcher in a panel, perform the following steps:

1. Right-click on the launcher to open the panel object popup menu.

2. Choose Properties. Use the Launcher Properties dialog to modify the properties as required. For more information on the Launcher Properties dialog, see .

3. Click Close to close the Launcher Properties dialog.

### Egenskaper för programstartare

When you create or edit a launcher, the following properties can be set:

Typ

  Use the drop-down list to specify whether this launcher starts an application or opens a document:

  Program

    Programstartaren startar ett program.

  Program i terminal

    Programstartaren startar ett program i en terminal.

  Arkiv

    Programstartaren öppnar en fil.

Namn

  This is displayed when you add the launcher to a menu or to the desktop.

Kommando

  For an application launcher, specify a command to execute when you click on the launcher. For sample commands, see .

Plats

  For a file launcher, specify the location of the file.

Kommentar

  This is displayed as a tooltip when you point to the launcher icon on the panel.

To choose an icon for the launcher, click on the No Icon button. An icon selector dialog is displayed. Choose an icon from the dialog.

To change the icon for the launcher, click on the button showing the current icon. An icon selector dialog is displayed. Choose an icon from the dialog.

#### Launcher Commands

The type of commands that you can enter in the Command field depend on the option that you choose from the Type drop-down combination box. If you choose Application from the Type drop-down combination box, you can enter a normal command. The following table shows some sample commands and the actions that the commands perform:

Sample Application Command | Åtgärd
--- | ---
`gedit` | Startar textredigeraren gedit.
`gedit /user123/loremipsum.txt` | Öppna filen `/user123/loremipsum.txt` i textredigeraren gedit.
`nautilus /user123/Projects` | Öppnar mappen `/user123/Projects` i ett filobjektsfönster.

If you choose Link from the Type drop-down combination box, you can enter a link command. The following table shows some sample link commands and the actions that the commands perform:

Sample Link Command | Åtgärd
--- | ---
`http://www.gnome.org` | Opens the GNOME website in your default browser.
`ftp://ftp.gnome.org` | Opens the GNOME FTP site in your default browser.

The command can contain the following special codes which will be replaced with the value specified in the following table:

Kod | Betydelse
--- | ---

`%f`

A single file name, even if multiple files are selected. The system reading the desktop entry should recognize that the program in question cannot handle multiple file arguments, and it should should probably spawn and execute multiple copies of a program for each selected file if the program is not able to handle additional file arguments. If files are not on the local file system (i.e. are on HTTP or FTP locations), the files will be copied to the local file system and %f will be expanded to point at the temporary file. Used for programs that do not understand the URL syntax.

`%F` | A list of files. Use for apps that can open several local files at once.
`%u` | En enda url.
`%U` | En lista av url:er.
`%d` | Directory containing the file that would be passed in a %f field.
`%D` | List of directories containing the files that would be passed in to a %F field.
`%n` | Ett enda filnamn (utan sökväg).
`%N` | En lista med filnamn (utan sökvägar).
`%i` | The Icon field of the desktop entry expanded as two parameters, first --icon and then the contents of the Icon field. Should not expand as any parameters if the Icon field is empty or missing.
`%c` | The translated Name field associated with the desktop entry.
`%k` | The location of the desktop file as either a URI (if for example gotten from the vfolder system) or a local filename or empty if no location is known.
`%v` | The name of the Device entry in the desktop file.

These are as defined by freedesktop.org's Desktop Entry Specification.

## Knappar

You can add buttons to your panels to provide quick access to common actions and functions.

### Tvinga avslut-knappen

Tvinga avslut-ikon.

The Force Quit button enables you to select a window to terminate an application. This button is useful if you want to terminate an application that does not respond to your commands.

To terminate an application, click on the Force Quit button, then click on a window from the application that you want to terminate. If you do not want to terminate an application after you click on the Force Quit button, press Esc.

### Läs skärmen-knappen

Ikon för lås skärm

Lås skärmen-knappen låser din skärm och aktiverar din skärmsläckare. För att komma åt din session igen måste du ange ditt lösenord.

För att lägga till en Lås skärmen-knapp till en panel, högerklicka på ett ledigt utrymme på panelen. Välj Lägg till i panel, välj sedan Lås skärmen från dialogen Lägg till i panelen. Se för mer information om det här.

Högerklicka på Lås skärmen-knappen för att öppna en meny med kommandon relaterade till skärmsläckaren. beskriver tillgängliga kommandon i menyn.

#### Menyobjekt i Lås skärmen

Menyobjekt | Funktion
--- | ---
Aktivera skärmsläckare | Aktiverar omedelbart skärmsläckaren. Det här kommer även att låsa skärmen om du har ställt in Lås skärmen när skärmsläckaren är aktiv i skärmsläckarens inställningsverktyg.
Lås skärmen | Låser omedelbart skärmen. Det här kommandot genomför samma funktion som när du klickar på knappen Lås skärmen
Egenskaper | Öppnar skärmsläckarens inställningsverktyg, med vilken du kan konfigurera den typ av skärmsläckare som ska visas när du låser skärmen.

### Logga ut-knappen

Logga ut-ikon.

The Log Out button begins the process to log out of a GNOME session.

To add a Log Out button to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Actions Log Out. To log out of your session or shut down your system, click on the Log Out button.

### Kör-knappen

Kör program-ikon.

Du kan använda knappen Kör för att öppna dialogrutan Kör program.

To add a Run button to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Actions Run. To open the Run Application dialog, click on the Run button.

For more information on the Run Application dialog, see Working With Menus.

### Skärmbild-knappen

Skärmbildsikon.

Du kan använda knappen Skärmbild för att ta en skärmbild på din skärm.

To add a Screenshot button to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Actions Screenshot. To take a screenshot of your screen, click on the Screenshot button.

För mer information om hur man tar skärmbilder, se Arbeta med menyer.

### Sök-knappen

Sökverktygsikon.

You can use the Search button to open the Search Tool.

To add a Search button to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Actions Search. To open the Search Tool, click on the Search button.

For more information on the Search Tool, see the Search Tool Manual.

### Visa skrivbord-knappen

Visa skrivbord-ikon.

You can use the Show Desktop button to minimize all open windows and show the desktop.

To add a Show Desktop button to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Actions Show Desktop. To minimize all windows and show the desktop, click on the Show Desktop button.

## Menyer

Du kan lägga till följande typer av menyer till dina paneler:

- Main Menu: You can access almost all of the standard applications, commands, and configuration options from the Main Menu. To add a Main Menu to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel, then choose Add to Panel Main Menu. You can add as many Main Menu objects to your panels as you want.

- Menu Bar: You can access almost all of the standard applications, commands, and configuration options from the menus in the Menu Bar. The Menu Bar contains the Applications menu and the Actions menu. To add a Menu Bar to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel, then choose Add to Panel Menu Bar. You can add as many Menu Bar objects to your panels as you want.

- System menus: System menus contain the standard applications and tools that you can use in the GNOME Desktop. The Applications menu and Actions menu are system menus. To add a system menu to a panel, right-click on a launcher in the menu, then choose Entire menu Add this as menu to panel.

## Lådor

A drawer is an extension of a panel. You can open and close a drawer in the same way that you can show and hide a panel. A drawer can contain all panel objects, including launchers, menus, applets, other panel objects, and other drawers. When you open a drawer, you can use the objects in the same way that you use objects on a panel.

The following figure shows an open drawer that contains two panel objects.

Open drawer. The context describes the graphic.

The arrow on the drawer icon indicates that the icon represents a drawer or menu.

You can add, move, and remove objects from drawers in the same way that you add, move, and remove objects from panels.

### Öppna och stäng en låda

To open a drawer, click on the drawer object in a panel. You can close a drawer in the following ways:

- Klicka på lådan.

- Click on the drawer hide button.

### Lägg till en låda till en panel

You can add a drawer to a panel in the following ways:

- From the panel popup menu

  Right-click on any vacant space on the panel, then choose Add to Panel Drawer.

- From any menu

  You can add a menu as a drawer object to a panel.

  To add a menu as a drawer to a panel, open the menu from the panel. Right-click on any launcher in the menu, then choose Entire menu Add this as drawer to panel.

### Lägg till ett objekt till en låda

You add an object to a drawer in the same way that you add objects to panels. For more information, see .

### Ändra lådans egenskaper

You can modify properties for each individual drawer. You can change features for each drawer, such as the visual appearance of the drawer and whether the drawer has hide buttons.

To modify properties for a drawer perform the following steps:

1. Right-click on the drawer, then choose Properties to display the Panel Properties dialog. The dialog displays the General tabbed section.

2. Select the properties for the drawer in the dialog. The following table describes the elements on the General tabbed section:

   Dialogelement | Beskrivning
   --- | ---
   Namn | Type a name for the panel. When you use shortcut keys to switch between your panels and the desktop, this panel name is displayed.
   Storlek | Välj storleken på panelen.
   Ikon | Choose an icon to represent the drawer. Click on the Icon button to display an icon selector dialog. Choose an icon from the dialog. Alternatively, click Browse to choose an icon from another directory. When you choose an icon, click OK.
   Show hide buttons | Select this option to display hide buttons on your panel.
   Arrows on hide button | Select this option to display arrows on the hide buttons, if the hide button is enabled.

3. You can use the Background tabbed section to set the background for the drawer. For information on how to complete the Background tabbed section, see the step on this topic in . You can also drag a color or image on to a drawer to set the color or image as the background of the drawer. For more information, see .

4. Klicka på Stäng för att stänga dialogrutan Panelegenskaper.

## Standardpanelobjekt

This section covers the panel objects that appear in the default GNOME desktop.

### Panelprogrammet Fönsterväljare

You can view a list of all windows that are currently open. You can also choose a window to give focus to. To view the window list, click on the Window Selector applet. The following figure shows an example of the Window Selector applet:

Window selector applet displayed from the top edge panel.

To give focus to a window, select the window from the Window Selector applet.

The Window Selector lists the windows in all workspaces. The windows in all workspaces other than the current workspace, are listed under a separator line.

### Panelprogrammet Notifieringsyta

Notifieringsyta-ikon.

The Notification Area applet displays icons from various applications to indicate activity in the application. For example, when you use the CD Player application to play a CD, a CD icon is displayed in the Notification Area applet. The graphic above illustrates the CD icon in the Notification Area applet.

To add a Notification Area applet to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel Utility Notification Area.

### Panelobjektet Huvudmeny

The Main Menu provides access to the Applications menu and many of the items in the System menu. You can access almost all of the standard applications, commands, and configuration options from the Main Menu.

You can add Main Menu buttons to your panels. Click on the Main Menu button to open the Main Menu.

#### Lägg till en huvudmeny till en panel

You can add as many Main Menu buttons as you want to your panels. To add a Main Menu to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel and choose Main Menu from the Add to Panel dialog.

### Menu Bar panel object

Panelprogrammet Menyrad. Menyer: Program, Platser, Skrivbord.

The Menu Bar provides access to the panel menubar, which contains the Applications, Places, and System menus. You can access almost all of the standard applications, commands, and configuration options from the Menu Bar. For more on using the panel menubar, see .

#### Lägg till en menyrad till en panel

You can add as many Menu Bar applets as you want to your panels. To add a Menu Bar to a panel, right-click on any vacant space on the panel. Choose Add to Panel and choose Menu Bar from the Add to Panel dialog.