<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!-- Appendix: Licenses -->
<appendix id='appendix_licenses'>
  <title>The Licenses</title>
  
  <!-- X11 License-->
  <section id='appendix_licenses_x11'>
    <title>X11 License</title>
    
    <para>
      Most of the source code is licensed under the X11
      License. This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software
      license, compatible with the GNU GPL. XFree86 uses the same
      license. This is sometimes called the "MIT" license, but that term is
      misleading since MIT has used many licenses for software.
    </para>
    
    <para>COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE</para>
    <para>
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 Compaq Computer Corporation
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 Hewlett-Packard Company
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 IBM Corporation
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 Hummingbird Communications Ltd.
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
      Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001 The Open Group
    </para>
    
    <para>All rights reserved.</para>
    
    <para>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
      obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
      (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
      including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
      publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
      persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, provided that the
      above copyright notice(s) and this permission notice appear in all
      copies of the Software and that both the above copyright notice(s) and
      this permission notice appear in supporting documentation.
    </para>
    
    <para>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
      EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
      MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
      OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
      HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY
      SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
      RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
      CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
      CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
    </para>
    
    <para>Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright
      holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the
      sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written
      authorization of the copyright holder.
    </para>
    
    <para>X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group.</para>
    
  </section>
  <!-- X11 License -->
  
  <!-- GPL License-->
  <section id='appendix_licenses_gpl'>
    <title>GNU General Public License</title>
    
    <para>
      Part of the source code is licensed under the GNU General Public
      License (the GPL). This license allows you to use, copy, modify,
      and distribute the program and the source code. The GPL only
      applies to the program itself, not to this manual nor to any
      works created by people using the program.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara>
      <title>GNU General Public License</title>
      <para>Version 2, June 1991</para>
    </formalpara>
    <para>
      Copyright 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
      59 Temple Place, Suite 330,Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
    </para>
    <note>
      <para>
        Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
        of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
      </para>
    </note>
    
    <formalpara>
      <title>Preamble</title>
      <para>
        The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
        freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
        License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
        software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
        General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
        Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
        using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
        the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
        your programs, too.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    <para>
      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
      price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
      have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
      this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
      if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
      in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
    </para>
    <para>
      To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
      anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
      These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
      distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
    </para>
    <para>
      For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
      gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
      you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
      source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
      rights.
    </para>
    <para>
      We protect your rights with two steps:
      <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
        <listitem>
          <para>
            copyright the software, and
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
            distribute and/or modify the software.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </para>
    <para>
      Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
      that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
      software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
      want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
      that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
      authors' reputations.
    </para>
    <para>
      Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
      patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
      program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
      program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
      patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
    </para>
    <para>
      The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
      modification follow.
    </para>
    <formalpara>
      <title>
        GNU General Public License -- Terms and Conditions for Copying,
        Distribution and Modification
      </title>
      <para>
        <orderedlist numeration="arabic">
          <listitem>
            <para>
              This License applies to any program or other work which contains
              a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
              under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
              refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
              means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
              that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
              either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
              language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
              the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
            </para>
            <para>
              Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
              covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
              running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
              is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
              Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
              Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
              source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
              conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
              copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
              notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
              and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
              along with the Program.
            </para>
            <para>
              You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
              you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
              of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
              distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
              above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
              
              <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
                    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
                  </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
                    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
                    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
                    parties under the terms of this License.
                  </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
                    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
                    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
                    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
                    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
                    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
                    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
                    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
                    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
                    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
                  </para>
                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>
            </para>
            <para>
              These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
              identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
              and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
              themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
              sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
              distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
              on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
              this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
              entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
            </para>
            <para>
              Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
              your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
              exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
              collective works based on the Program.
            </para>
            <para>
              In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
              with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
              a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
              the scope of this License.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
              under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
              Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
              
              <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
                    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
                    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
                  </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
                    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
                    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
                    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
                    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
                    customarily used for software interchange; or,
                  </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>
                    Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
                    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
                    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
                    received the program in object code or executable form with such
                    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
                  </para>
                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>
            </para>
            <para>
              The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
              making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
              code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
              associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
              control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
              special exception, the source code distributed need not include
              anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
              form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
              operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
              itself accompanies the executable.
            </para>
            <para>
              If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
              access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
              access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
              distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
              compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
              except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
              otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
              void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
              However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
              this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
              parties remain in full compliance.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
              signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
              distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
              prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
              modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
              Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
              all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
              the Program or works based on it.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
              Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
              original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
              these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
              restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
              You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
              this License.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
              infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
              conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
              otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
              excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
              distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
              License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
              may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
              license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
              all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
              the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
              refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
            </para>
            <para>
              If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
              any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
              apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
              circumstances.
            </para>
            <para>
              It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
              patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
              such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
              integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
              implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
              generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
              through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
              system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
              to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
              impose that choice.
            </para>
            <para>
              This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
              be a consequence of the rest of this License.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
              certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
              original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
              may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
              those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
              countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
              the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
              of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
              be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
              address new problems or concerns.
            </para>
            <para>
              Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
              specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
              later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
              either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
              Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
              this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
              Foundation.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
              programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
              to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
              Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
              make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
              of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
              of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          
          <listitem>
            <formalpara>
              <title>NO WARRANTY</title>
              <para>
                BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
                FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
                OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
                PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
                OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
                MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
                TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
                PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
                REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
              </para>
            </formalpara>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
              WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
              REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
              INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
              OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
              TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
              YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
              PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
              POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    <formalpara>
      <title>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</title>
      <para>
        If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
        possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
        free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    <para>
      To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
      to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
      convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
      the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
    </para>
    
    <programlisting><![CDATA[
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
      ]]></programlisting>
    
    <para>
      Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
    </para>
    <para>
      If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
      when it starts in an interactive mode:
    </para>
    
    <para>
      <computeroutput>
        Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
        Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
      </computeroutput>
    </para>
    
    <para>
      The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
      parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
      be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
      mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
    </para>
    <para>
      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
      school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
      necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
    </para>
    
    <programlisting><![CDATA[
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
'Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
    ]]>  </programlisting>
    
    <para>
      This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
      proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
      consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
      library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
      Public License instead of this License.
    </para>
    
  </section>
  <!-- GNU GPL -->
  
  <!-- GNU FDL License-->
  <section id='appendix_licenses_fdl'>
    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
    
    <para>This is a license intended for use on copylefted free
      documentation. We plan to adopt it for all GNU manuals. It is also
      suitable for other kinds of useful works (such as textbooks and
      dictionaries, for instance). Its applicability is not limited to
      textual works ("books").
    </para>
    
    <formalpara>
      <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
      <para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>
    </formalpara>
    <para>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
    </para>
    <note>
      <para>
        Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
        of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
      </para>
    </note>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-0">
      <title>PREAMBLE</title>
      
      <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
        other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
        assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
        or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
        Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
        to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
        modifications made by others.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
      works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
      complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
      designed for free software.
    </para>
    
    <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
      free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
      program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
      software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
      can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
      whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
      principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-1">
      <title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
      
      <para id="gfdl-doc">This License applies to any manual or other work, in
        any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
        it can be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
        grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
        that work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
        refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
        licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
        copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
        copyright law.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para id="gfdl-mod-ver">A "Modified Version" of the Document means any
      work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,
      or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or
      a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
      relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
      Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
      that could fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the
      Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may
      not explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
      historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
      legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
      regarding them.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-inv-sect">The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary
      Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
      Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
      this License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
      Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The
      Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not
      identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-cov-text">The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
      text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
      notice that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
      Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at
      most 25 words.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-transparent">A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
      machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
      available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the
      document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
      composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
      available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
      formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
      for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
      file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
      thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
      Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if used for any
      substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
      "Opaque".
    </para>
    
    <para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
      ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
      XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
      PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
      transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
      include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
      proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
      processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
      HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
      purposes only.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,
      the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
      legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
      For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
      Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
      title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
    </para>
    
    <para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit
      of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
      parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.
      (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
      "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To
      "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
      means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
      definition.
    </para>
    
    <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
      which states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
      Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
      but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
      these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
      meaning of this License.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-2">
      <title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
      
      <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
        commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
        copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
        the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
        conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
        technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
        of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
        compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
        number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
      and you may publicly display copies.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-3">
      <title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
      
      <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
        have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
        Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
        copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
        Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
        cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
        publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present the full title
        with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.  You may add
        other material on the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited
        to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
        satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
        respects.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
      legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
      reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
      pages.
    </para>
    
    <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
      numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
      Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
      Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
      network-using public has access to download using public-standard
      network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
      added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably
      prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
      to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
      stated location until at least one year after the last time you
      distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers)
      of that edition to the public.
    </para>
    
    <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
      the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
      give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
      Document.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-4">
      <title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
      
      <para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
        under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
        release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
        Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
        distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
        possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the
        Modified Version:
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <orderedlist id="gfdl-modif-cond" numeration="upperalpha">
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a
          title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
          versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
          section of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous
          version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more
          persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
          authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
          than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of
          the Modified Version, as the publisher.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
          modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
          license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
          <link linkend="gfdl-addendum">Addendum</link> below.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
          Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
          license notice.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its
          Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
          Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,
          create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
          Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
          Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
          Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
          likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
          versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History"
          section.  You may omit a network location for a work that was
          published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
          original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
          "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
          section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
          unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
          equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".
          Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
          "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
        </simpara>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
    
    <para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
      appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
      copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
      of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
      list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
      These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
    </para>
    
    <para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it
      contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
      parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
      been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
      standard.
    </para>
    
    <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
      and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
      list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
      Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
      arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already includes
      a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
      arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may
      not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission
      from the previous publisher that added the old one.
    </para>
    
    <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
      License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
      assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-5">
      <title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
      
      <para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
        this License, under the terms defined in <link linkend="gfdl-4">section
          4
        </link>
        above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
        combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original
        documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
        combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
        Warranty Disclaimers.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
      multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
      copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
      different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
      at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
      publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.  Make the
      same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
      in the license notice of the combined work.
    </para>
    
    <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
      "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
      Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
      "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must
      delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-6">
      <title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
      
      <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
        documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies
        of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
        included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
        License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
        respects.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
      distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
      copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
      License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
      document.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-7">
      <title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
      
      <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
        separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
        storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
        copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
        rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
        permit.  When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does
        not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
        derivative works of the Document.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
      copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
      the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
      that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
      equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.  Otherwise
      they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
      aggregate.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-8">
      <title>TRANSLATION</title>
      
      <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
        distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
        Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
        permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
        translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
        original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
        translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
        Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include
        the original English version of this License and the original versions
        of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between the
        translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
        disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
      "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
      Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
      title.
    </para>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-9">
      <title>TERMINATION</title>
      
      <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
        except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt
        to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
        automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
        parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License
        will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
        in full compliance.
      </para>
    </formalpara>
    
    <formalpara id="gfdl-10">
      <title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
      
      <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
        the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions
        will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
        detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
        <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/
      </ulink>
      .
    </para>
  </formalpara>
  
  <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
    number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of
    this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option
    of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
    or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
    Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
    number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
    as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  </para>
  
  <formalpara id="gfdl-addendum">
    <title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
      your documents
    </title>
    
    <para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
      of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
      license notices just after the title page:
    </para>
  </formalpara>
  
  <blockquote id="copyright-sample"><para>
      Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
      under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
      or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
      with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
      A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
      Free Documentation License".
    </para>
  </blockquote>
  
  <para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
    Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
  </para>
  
  <blockquote id="inv-cover-sample"><para>
      with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
      Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
    </para>
  </blockquote>
  
  <para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
    combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
    situation.
  </para>
  
  <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
    recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
    software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
    their use in free software.
  </para>
</section>

</appendix>
