GIT-FORMAT-PATCH(1)

NAME
git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission

SYNOPSIS

git-format-patch [-n | -k] [-o <dir> | --stdout] [--thread]
                   [--attach[=<boundary>] | --inline[=<boundary>]]
                   [-s | --signoff] [<common diff options>]
                   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
                   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
                   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
                   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
                   [ <since> | <revision range> ]

DESCRIPTION
Prepare each commit with its patch in one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format. The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or for use with git-am(1). There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.

1.  A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history that leads to the <since> to be output.

2.  Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in git-rev-parse(1)) means the commits in the specified range. A single commit, when interpreted as a <revision range> expression, means "everything that leads to that commit", but if you write git format-patch <commit>, the previous rule applies to that command line and you do not get "everything since the beginning of the time". If you want to format everything since project inception to one commit, say "git format-patch --root <commit>" to make it clear that it is the latter case. By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as the filename. With the --numbered-files option, the output file names will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended. The names of the output files are printed to standard output, unless the --stdout option is specified. If -o is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise they are created in the current working directory. If -n is specified, instead of "[PATCH] Subject", the first line is formatted as "[PATCH n/m] Subject". If given --thread, git-format-patch will generate In-Reply-To and References headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear as replies to the first mail; this also generates a Message-Id header to reference.

OPTIONS

-p  Generate patch (see section on generating patches)

-u  Synonym for "-p".

-U<n>
    Shorthand for "--unified=<n>".

--unified=<n>
    Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the usual three. Implies "-p".

--raw
    Generate the raw format.

--patch-with-raw
    Synonym for "-p --raw".

--stat[=width[,name-width]]
    Generate a diffstat. You can override the default output width for 80-column terminal by "--stat=width". The width of the filename part can be controlled by giving another width to it separated by a comma.

--numstat
    Similar to --stat, but shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For binary files, outputs two - instead of saying 0 0.

--shortstat
    Output only the last line of the --stat format containing total number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted lines.

--summary
    Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as creations, renames and mode changes.

--patch-with-stat
    Synonym for "-p --stat".

-z  NUL-line termination on output. This affects the --raw output field terminator. Also output from commands such as "git-log" will be delimited with NUL between commits.

--name-only
    Show only names of changed files.

--name-status
    Show only names and status of changed files.

--color
    Show colored diff.

--no-color
    Turn off colored diff, even when the configuration file gives the default to color output.

--color-words
    Show colored word diff, i.e. color words which have changed.

--no-renames
    Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration file gives the default to do so.

--check
    Warn if changes introduce trailing whitespace or an indent that uses a space before a tab.

--full-index
    Instead of the first handful characters, show full object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index" line when generating a patch format output.

--binary
    In addition to --full-index, output "binary diff" that can be applied with "git apply".

--abbrev[=<n>]
    Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is independent of --full-index option above, which controls the diff-patch output format. Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.

-B  Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.

-M  Detect renames.

-C  Detect copies as well as renames. See also --find-copies-harder.

--diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]
    Select only files that are Added (A), Copied (C), Deleted (D), Modified (M), Renamed (R), have their type (mode) changed (T), are Unmerged (U), are Unknown (X), or have had their pairing Broken (B). Any combination of the filter characters may be used. When * (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all paths are selected if there is any file that matches other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.

--find-copies-harder
    For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only if the original file of the copy was modified in the same changeset. This flag makes the command inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of copy. This is a very expensive operation for large projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one -C option has the same effect.

-l<num>
    -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This option prevents rename/copy detection from running if the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified number.

-S<string>
    Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.

--pickaxe-all
    When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that changeset, not just the files that contain the change in <string>.

--pickaxe-regex
    Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX regex to match.

-O<orderfile>
    Output the patch in the order specified in the <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.

-R  Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or on-disk file to tree contents.

--text
    Treat all files as text.

-a  Shorthand for "--text".

--ignore-space-at-eol
    Ignore changes in white spaces at EOL.

--ignore-space-change
    Ignore changes in amount of white space. This ignores white space at line end, and consider all other sequences of one or more white space characters to be equivalent.

-b  Shorthand for "--ignore-space-change".

--ignore-all-space
    Ignore white space when comparing lines. This ignores difference even if one line has white space where the other line has none.

-w  Shorthand for "--ignore-all-space".

--exit-code
    Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1). That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and 0 means no differences.

--quiet
    Disable all output of the program. Implies --exit-code.

--ext-diff
    Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an external diff driver with gitlink:gitattributes(5), you need to use this option with gitlink:git-log(1) and friends.

--no-ext-diff
    Disallow external diff drivers. For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also [1]diffcore documentation.

-<n>
    Limits the number of patches to prepare.

-o|--output-directory <dir>
    Use <dir> to store the resulting files, instead of the current working directory.

-n|--numbered
    Name output in [PATCH n/m] format.

--start-number <n>
    Start numbering the patches at <n> instead of 1.

--numbered-files
    Output file names will be a simple number sequence without the default first line of the commit appended. Mutually exclusive with the --stdout option.

-k|--keep-subject
    Do not strip/add [PATCH] from the first line of the commit log message.

-s|--signoff
    Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message, using the committer identity of yourself.

--stdout
    Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format, instead of creating a file for each one.

--attach[=<boundary>]
    Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of which is the commit message and the patch itself in the second part, with "Content-Disposition: attachment".

--inline[=<boundary>]
    Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of which is the commit message and the patch itself in the second part, with "Content-Disposition: inline".

--thread
    Add In-Reply-To and References headers to make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the first. Also generates the Message-Id header to reference.

--in-reply-to=Message-Id
    Make the first mail (or all the mails with --no-thread) appear as a reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to provide a new patch series.

--ignore-if-in-upstream
    Do not include a patch that matches a commit in <until>..<since>. This will examine all patches reachable from <since> but not from <until> and compare them with the patches being generated, and any patch that matches is ignored.

--subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix>
    Instead of the standard [PATCH] prefix in the subject line, instead use [<Subject-Prefix>]. This allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be combined with the --numbered option.

--suffix=.<sfx>
    Instead of using .patch as the suffix for generated filenames, use specified suffix. A common alternative is --suffix=.txt. Note that you would need to include the leading dot . if you want a filename like 0001-description-of-my-change.patch, and the first letter does not have to be a dot. Leaving it empty would not add any suffix.

CONFIGURATION
You can specify extra mail header lines to be added to each message in the repository configuration. You can also specify new defaults for the subject prefix and file suffix.

[format]
        headers = "Organization: git-foo\n"
        subjectprefix = CHANGE
        suffix = .txt

EXAMPLES

git-format-patch -k --stdout R1..R2 | git-am -3 -k
    Extract commits between revisions R1 and R2, and apply them on top of the current branch using git-am to cherry-pick them.

git-format-patch origin
    Extract all commits which are in the current branch but not in the origin branch. For each commit a separate file is created in the current directory.

git-format-patch --root origin
    Extract all commits which that leads to origin since the inception of the project.

git-format-patch -M -B origin
    The same as the previous one. Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites intelligently to produce a renaming patch. A renaming patch reduces the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review it. Note that the "patch" program does not understand renaming patches, so use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.

git-format-patch -3
    Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them as e-mailable patches.

SEE ALSO
git-am(1), git-send-email(1)

AUTHOR
Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>

DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.

GIT
Part of the git(7) suite

REFERENCES

1. diffcore documentation
    diffcore.html