<chapter id="general">
<title>General Accessibility Tips</title>
<para>A number of technologies can be of assistance to people with different types of disabilities. These are covered in this section. In particular:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Keyboard Desktop Navigation</emphasis> - allows users to navigate the desktop without using a mouse or pointer device.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Accessible Login</emphasis> - users can configure the login screen to be more accessible.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<section id="sysadmin-27">
<title>Accessible Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>accessible login feature</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>The GNOME Desktop includes an Accessible
Login feature. The Accessible Login feature enables users to: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Log in to the desktop even if the user cannot easily use the
screen, mouse, or keyboard in the usual way.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Launch assistive technologies at login time by associating
a user action with an assistive technology application. The user can perform
the user action from the standard keyboard, or from a keyboard, pointing device,
or switch device that is attached to the USB or PS/2 mouse port. These user
actions are called gestures.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Change the visual appearance of the login dialog before the
user logs in, for example, to use a high contrast theme for better visibility. </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<section id="sysadmin-34">
<title>To Enable Accessible Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>GDM</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>To configure GDM, perform the following steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Log in as the <literal>root</literal> user.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Open the file <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Search the file for the following line: </para>
<para>
<literal>#AddGtkModules=false</literal>
</para>
<para>and replace the line with the following:</para>
<para>
<literal>AddGtkModules=true</literal>
</para>
<para>This step enables the GtkModules.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Search the file for the following line: </para>
<para>
<literal>#GtkModulesList=gail:atk-bridge:dwellmouselistener:keymouselistener</literal>
</para>
<para>and delete the <literal>#</literal> from the start of the line so that
the line reads:</para>
<para>
<literal>GtkModulesList=gail:atk-bridge:dwellmouselistener:keymouselistener</literal>
</para>
<note>
<para>The above lines must be displayed as single lines in the <filename>gdm.conf</filename> file without line breaks. The formatting of this guide
may display the lines over two lines.</para>
</note>
<para>This step loads all of the GtkModules to enable assistive technologies
such as <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> and <application>Screen
Reader and Magnifier</application>. You can edit the line above further to
load only the GtkModules that you require to support the user base. For example: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If you need to use the <application>Screen Reader and Magnifier</application>, include <literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you need to use a pointing device without buttons or switches,
include <literal>gail</literal>, <literal>atk-bridge</literal>, and <literal>dwellmouselistener</literal>. </para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you use pointing devices with switches, alternative physical
keyboards, or switch and button devices, include <literal>keymouselistener</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> can operate
without <literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal> but with
a reduced feature set. </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>For optimum accessibility, include <literal>gail</literal> and <literal>atk-bridge</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Save the <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf</filename> file.</para>
<note>
<para>If you make any changes to the <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf</filename> file after you enable GDM, you can execute the following command
to restart GDM and activate the changes:</para>
<para>
<command>gdm-restart</command>
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Edit the file <filename>/etc/group</filename> and append the
following to the <literal>audio</literal> line:</para>
<para>
<literal>,gdm</literal>
</para>
<para>This step ensures that speech works with GDM.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Restart your system.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="sysadmin-29">
<title>To Start Assistive Technologies at Login</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>gestures</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>If you load the <literal>keymouselistener</literal> and <literal>dwellmouselistener</literal> GtkModules
in the GDM configuration file, you can assign user actions to launch specific
assistive technologies at login time. These user actions are called gestures.
The gesture associations are contained in the following GDM configuration
files: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>/etc/X11/gdm/modules/AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>/etc/X11/gdm/modules/AccessDwellMouseEvents</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<para>If you modify these files, you must restart your system before
the changes take effect.</para>
</note>
<para>The following sections contain examples of the gestures that you can
add to the GDM configuration files.</para>
<note>
<para>The gestures must be contained in a single line in the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file without line breaks. The formatting of
this guide might display the examples in the following sections over two lines. </para>
</note>
<section id="sysadmin-30">
<title>To Start Screen Reader Using a Keyboard Shortcut</title>
<para>Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate
keyboard shortcuts with assistive technologies. For example, the following
line enables you to press-and-hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>S</keycap></keycombo>
for one second to start <application>Screen Reader and Magnifier</application>
in speech and Braille mode:</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Control&gt;s 1 1000 10000 srcore --login --disable-magnifier
--enable-speech --enable-braille</literal>
</para>
</section>
<section id="sysadmin-41">
<title>To Start Magnifier Using a Keyboard Shortcut</title>
<para>Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate
keyboard shortcuts with assistive technologies. For example, the following
line enables you to press-and-hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>M</keycap></keycombo>
for one second to start <application>Screen Reader and Magnifier</application>
in magnifier mode:</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Control&gt;m 1 1000 10000 srcore --login --enable-magnifier
--disable-speech</literal>
</para>
</section>
<section id="sysadmin-31">
<title>To Start On-Screen Keyboard Using a Switch or Button Gesture</title>
<para>Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate
switch, key, or button gestures with assistive technologies. Since the primary
input device for many <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> users
is a switch or button, this is a good way to enable users to start <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> at login time. </para>
<para>If there is a tendency for a user to start an application unintentionally,
you can associate the gestures with multiple switch presses or minimum durations.
For example, the following line starts <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>
in inverse scanning mode when the user presses the switch that is defined
as Switch 2 three times within two seconds, for a minimum of 100 milliseconds
for each press:</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Switch2&gt;3 100 2000 gok --login --accessmethod=inversescanning
--scan-action=switch1 --select-action=switch2</literal>
</para>
<para>Users who use single switches may prefer to start <application>On-Screen
Keyboard</application> in automatic scanning mode. The following line starts <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in automatic scanning mode when the user
presses the switch on an alternative access device for more than four seconds:</para>
<para>
<literal>&lt;Switch&gt;1 4000 5000 gok --login --accessmethod=automaticscanning
--scan-action=switch1 --select-action=switch1</literal>
</para>
<para>For information about the <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>
operating modes, see the online Help for <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sysadmin-32">
<title>To Start On-Screen Keyboard Using a Motion-only Gesture</title>
<para>You can define gestures that involve only the motion of a pointing device
such as a mouse, or an alternative pointing device, such as a head pointer
or trackball. The syntax of the gesture does not change depending on whether
you are using a mouse or an alternative pointing device. Edit the <filename>AccessKeyMouseEvents</filename> file to associate motion gestures with assistive
technologies.</para>
<para>If the <literal>dwellmouselistener</literal> GtkModule is loaded, alternative
pointing devices are temporarily latched to the core pointer. This means that
if the user moves the alternative pointing device, the onscreen pointer moves.</para>
<para>For example, the following line starts <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application> in dwell mode when the user moves the onscreen pointer from
inside the login dialog through the top edge, back into the dialog through
the top edge, out of the dialog through the left edge, back into the dialog
through the left edge, and similarly through the bottom and right edges of
the dialog in a cross pattern:</para>
<para>
<literal>TTLLBBRR O 10000 gok --login --access-method=dwellselection
--input-device=MOUSE[3]</literal>
</para>
<para>Note that the <literal>--input-device</literal> parameter specified
in the gesture must match the name of the extended user input device, such
as a head pointer or trackball, as specified in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sysadmin-33">
<title>Additional Requirements for Accessible Login</title>
<para>To enable the Accessible Login feature to use alternative pointing devices
and switch devices such as sip-and-puff switches, wheelchair-mounted switches,
or trackballs, you might need to modify your X server system configuration
to recognize these devices. You can use most devices that emulate mouse buttons
with the Accessible Login feature and <application>On-Screen Keyboard</application>,
including USB single switches and mouse-like pointing devices.</para>
<note>
<para>You should not configure an alternative input device to control
the primary onscreen pointer. This might result in undesirable behavior or
cause situations from which the user of the alternate input device cannot
recover without using the primary keyboard or mouse. To prevent this problem,
please remove any occurrences of the attributes <literal>SendCore</literal>
or <literal>AlwaysCore</literal> from any of <literal>InputDevice</literal>
lines in the X Server configuration file.</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>



<section id="keynav-0">
<title>Keyboard Desktop Navigation</title>
<para>This section describes how to navigate the GNOME
Desktop from the keyboard only. Users
who have difficulty using a mouse or other pointing device can navigate and
use the desktop from the keyboard.</para>
<section id="keynav-1">
<title>Introduction to Keyboard Navigation</title>
<para>This section describes the essential keyboard shortcuts to enable you
to navigate the desktop from the keyboard. </para>
<para>You can customize some of the keyboard shortcuts that are described
in this chapter. The text indicates the shortcuts that you can customize.
See <xref linkend="keynav-36"/> for information about how to customize keyboard
shortcuts. </para>
<section id="keynav-2">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>essential</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>caret navigation mode</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts that you
can use to navigate the desktop. The keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate
specific elements and controls are described in the appropriate sections of
this chapter.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next element or control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Reverse the navigation direction and give focus to the previous element or
control. In general, the <keycap>Shift</keycap> key reverses the navigation
direction.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the next element or control, if the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key has
a specific purpose in a control. For example, if you press <keycap>Tab</keycap>
in a text box, the system inserts a tab space.</para>
<para>To give focus to
the previous element or control, press <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Navigate within an element or
control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Activate the element or control
that has focus. For example, if the current control is a button, this action
is the equivalent of clicking on the button with a mouse.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close a window, menu, or drawer.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>F7</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Switch to caret navigation mode. Caret navigation
mode enables you to use the keyboard to select text. For more information
about caret navigation mode, see <xref linkend="keynav-52"/>.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-3">
<title>Global Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>global</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you
can use from any part of the GNOME Desktop. </para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open the <guimenu>Main Applications Menu</guimenu>.</para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the <guilabel>Run Application </guilabel>dialog.</para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Print Screen</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Start the screenshot application
and take a screenshot of the entire screen. </para>
<para>You can customize
this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Print Screen</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Start the screenshot application and take a screenshot of the window that
currently has focus.</para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F1</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>If the focused element is an
application window or dialog, this keyboard shortcut opens the Help for the
application.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>If
the focused element is a panel or application window, this keyboard shortcut
switches the display of tooltips for the window or panel objects on and off.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
a popup menu for the element that has focus, if a popup menu exists.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-4">
<title>Navigating the Desktop Background</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for desktop background</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The desktop background is the part of the GNOME
Desktop where there are no interface
items or applications, such as panels and windows. The following table lists
the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the desktop background
and the desktop background objects. A desktop background object is an icon
on the desktop background that you can use to open files, folders, or applications. </para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>D</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Temporarily hide all windows
and give focus to the desktop background.</para>
<para>To restore the windows,
press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>D</keycap></keycombo> again.</para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Display a popup window with icons that represent the desktop
background and the panels. Press-and-hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to switch the focus between
the desktop background and the panels. </para>
<para>You can customize this
keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<!--<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>When the desktop background or
a desktop background object has focus, give focus to the next desktop background
object in alphabetical order.</para>
</entry>
</row>-->
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>When the desktop background or
a desktop background object has focus, give focus to a neighboring desktop
background object.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>A sequence of characters
that matches the first n characters of a desktop background object name.</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>When the desktop background has
focus, give focus to the desktop background object whose name starts with
the specified sequence of characters.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F2</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Rename the desktop background
object that has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the popup menu for the desktop background object that has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the <guimenu>Desktop Background</guimenu> menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-5">
<title>Navigating Panels</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for panels</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A panel is an area from which you can run special programs,
applications, and panel applications. The most common panel is the panel that
stretches the full width of the bottom edge of the desktop. The following
table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate panels and
panel objects.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus
to a panel. This keyboard shortcut displays a popup window with icons that
represent the desktop background, panels, and drawers. Press-and-hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap>
to switch the focus between the desktop background, panels, and drawers. </para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next object
on the panel.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu when the Menu Panel has focus. Continue to press <keycap>F10</keycap> to switch focus between the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu
and the window list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Activate a panel object, for
example, open a menu or start a launcher.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the panel object popup menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the panel popup menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<section id="keynav-6">
<title>To Move a Panel Object</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to move a panel
object</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>You can move a focused panel object to
a different location on a panel or drawer, or you can move the object to the
next panel. To move a panel object, perform the following steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to give focus to the object.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Press <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo> to open
the panel object popup menu.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Use the arrow keys to select the <guimenuitem>Move</guimenuitem>
menu item.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed in the following
table to perform the move operation.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Move the object left and right on a horizontal panel or up and down on a vertical
panel.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move
the object and push any objects that you encounter in front of the object.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move
the object and swap position with any objects that you encounter in the move.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the object to the next panel.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Complete the move operation.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>The following examples demonstrate the effect of different move operations
on the objects in a panel.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="50*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="50*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Illustration</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Description</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_before.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: geyes icon, Volume Control icon, and Help icon.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Shows a panel with three panel
objects before a move operation takes place.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_arrows.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: geyes icon, Volume Control icon, and Help icon. </phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Shows the effect
of using the arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel
application on the panel. You can use the arrow keys to move the panel application
left or right until you meet the next panel object.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_push.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: geyes icon, Volume Control icon, and Help icon.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Shows the effect
of using using <keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel application on the panel. You can use the <keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys to push the <application>Volume Control</application>
and <application>Help</application> panel objects ahead of the object that
you are moving.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/move_object_jump.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Portion of a panel with three objects displayed in the following order from left to right: Volume Control icon, Help icon, and geyes icon.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Shows the effect
of using <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys to move the <application>Geyes</application> panel application on the panel. You can use the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + arrow keys to swap position with the <application>Volume Control</application> and <application>Help</application> panel objects as you meet
the objects.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<note>
<para>Panel applications that are <guilabel>Locked</guilabel> cannot be moved.  To unlock a panel application, use the <guimenu>panel object</guimenu> menu and unselect <guimenuitem>Lock to Panel</guimenuitem>.</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="keynav-7">
<title>To Navigate Drawers</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drawers</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A drawer is a collapsible extension of a panel. The following
table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate into and out
of drawers. When you open a drawer, you can navigate the contents of the drawer
in the same way as you navigate a panel. See <xref linkend="keynav-5"/> for
information about how to navigate a panel.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open or close the drawer that has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Navigate into the drawer that
has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close the drawer and give focus
to the drawer object on the panel.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<!--<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the drawer object on the panel and leave the drawer open.</para>
</entry>
</row>-->
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-8">
<title>To Navigate Menus on Panels</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for menus on panels</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts
that you can use to navigate menus on panels.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open the menu that has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Navigate the menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select a menu item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the popup menu associated with a menu item, if one exists.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close a menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-9">
<title>To Navigate Panel Applications</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for panel applications</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A panel application is a small application that
resides on a panel. You can navigate to all panel applications and open the
panel application popup menu from the keyboard. However, if the panel application
does not contain controls that you can give focus to, you cannot navigate
the controls in the panel application. The following table lists the keyboard
shortcuts that you can use to navigate panel applications. </para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Activate the panel application control that has focus,
if applicable. Not all panel applications contain controls that you can activate.
If the panel application does not contain a control that you can activate,
the <keycap>spacebar</keycap> does nothing. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Navigate the controls on the
panel application.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open
the panel application popup menu. To navigate the menu, use the standard keyboard
shortcuts for navigating menus. See <xref linkend="keynav-24"/> for information
about how to navigate menus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-10">
<title>Navigating Your Workspaces</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for workspaces</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A workspace is a discrete area in which you
can work. You can have many workspaces on your desktop and you can switch
from one workspace to another. Each workspace can contain different windows
and processes. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can
use to navigate workspaces.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo>
+ arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next
or previous workspace. This keyboard shortcut displays a popup window with
icons that represent the workspaces. Press and hold <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> and continue to press the arrow keys to switch the focus between
the workspaces. </para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the window that has focus to the next or previous workspace.</para>
<para>You can customize this keyboard shortcut.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-11">
<title>Navigating Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for windows</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following sections describe the keyboard shortcuts that
you can use to navigate windows. A window is a rectangular frame on your screen
that displays an application.</para>
<note>
<para>You can customize all of the keyboard shortcuts that are associated
with navigating windows. See <xref linkend="keynav-10"/> for more information.</para>
</note>
<section id="keynav-12">
<title>To Give Focus to a Window</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to give focus to
a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Before you can use or modify a window,
you must give focus to the window. The following table lists the keyboard
shortcuts that you can use to give focus to a window.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Display a popup window with icons that represent
each window. Press-and-hold <keycap>Alt</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Tab</keycap> to move through the windows until you reach the window to which
you want to give focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Raise
each window in turn until you reach the window to which you want to give focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-13">
<title>To Control a Window</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to control a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>When a window has focus, you can perform various
actions on the window. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that
you can use to control the window that has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>spacebar</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open the <guimenu>Window</guimenu> Menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close
the window.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<emphasis>Solaris:</emphasis>
<keycap>Open</keycap>
</para>
<para><emphasis>Linux:</emphasis><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F9</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Minimize the window.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Maximize
the window.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Restore
a maximized window to the original size of the window.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-14">
<title>To Move a Window</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to move a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>When a window has focus, you can move the window
around the screen. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you
can use to move a window.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Start the move operation. The mouse pointer changes
to a cross. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the window 10 pixels at
a time in the direction of the arrow key.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move
the window one pixel at a time in the direction of the arrow key.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move
the window in the direction of the arrow key to align it with the edge of
the nearest window, panel, or screen edge.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Complete the move operation and
leave the window in the current position.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Cancel the move operation and
restore the window to the original position.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-15">
<title>To Resize a Window</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>to resize a window</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>When a window has focus, you can increase or
decrease the size of the window. The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts
that you can use to resize the window that has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F8</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Start the resize operation.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Resize the window in the direction
of the arrow keys.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Complete the resize operation
and leave the window at the current size.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Cancel the resize operation and
restore the window to the original size.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-16">
<title>To Navigate Paned Windows</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for paned windows</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A paned window is a window that is split into
two or more panes. The Help browser is an example of an application
that uses paned windows. </para>
<para>The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that you can use
to navigate windows with panes.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F6</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next pane. The system gives focus to the control that last
had focus in the pane. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F8</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the first resize
handle in the window. The resize handle is displayed between the panes and
enables you to resize the panes. Press <keycap>F8</keycap> again to give focus
to the next resize handle.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>When the resize handle has focus, you can use the keyboard shortcuts
that are listed in the following table to modify the paned window.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the resize handle by a small
amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move
the resize handle by a large amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Reduce the size of the pane to
the left of the resize handle for vertical panes, or above the resize handle
for horizontal panes, to the minimum size allowed. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Increase the size of the pane
to the left of the resize handle for vertical panes, or above the resize handle
for horizontal panes, to the maximum size allowed. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Set the position of the resize
handle and return the focus to the last control that had focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Reset the position of the resize
handle to the original position and return the focus to the last control that
had focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-17">
<title>Navigating Applications</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for applications</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>An application is any program, utility, or other
software package that you run on your desktop. Applications comprise the following
standard user interface components: </para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Windows</term>
<listitem>
<para>A window is a rectangular
frame on your screen that displays an application. See <xref linkend="keynav-11"/>
for information about how to navigate windows.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Dialogs</term>
<listitem>
<para>A dialog is a popup window
in which you enter information or commands. See <xref linkend="keynav-19"/>
for information about how to navigate dialogs.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Controls</term>
<listitem>
<para>A control is an instrument
that you use to operate or guide the user interface. For example, buttons,
check boxes, menus, and text boxes are controls. See <xref linkend="keynav-23"/>
for detailed information about how to navigate the different types of controls
that are available.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>This section of the manual describes the essential keyboard
shortcuts that you can use to start using applications and dialogs. </para>
<section id="keynav-18">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts for Navigating Applications</title>
<anchor id="keynav-22"/>
<para>Since there are many applications that you can use in the GNOME
Desktop, this manual does not describe
the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate all of the different applications.
However, the basic keyboard shortcuts are common to all applications. Access
keys also provide an efficient way to navigate an application from the keyboard.
An access key is identified by an underlined letter on a menu or control.
In some cases, you must press <keycap>Alt</keycap> in combination with the
access key to perform an action.</para>
<para>The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts that you
can use to navigate applications. </para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F10</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open the first menu on the application menubar.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Alt</keycap> + access
key</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the menu
that is associated with the access key. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>access keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the menu item that is
associated with the access key.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>left arrow</keycap>
and <keycap>right arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Switch focus between the menus on the menubar.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>up arrow</keycap>
and <keycap>down arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move focus into a menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close the open menus and give
focus to the control that had focus before the menubar.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>O</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Open the file selector dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>S</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Open the Save dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>L</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Open a Location dialog to enable you to type
the name of the file that you want to open or save.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-19">
<title>Essential Keyboard Shortcuts for Navigating Dialogs</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for dialogs</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the essential keyboard shortcuts
that you can use to navigate dialogs. </para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>access key</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Activate or select a control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>If a tab name has focus, move to the next tabbed section of the dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>When a tab name has focus, move to the previous tabbed section of the dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close the dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Perform the default action for
the dialog. The default action is usually to apply the changes and close the
dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-20">
<title>Navigating the File Manager</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for file manager</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>By default, the file manager operates in <guilabel>Spatial</guilabel> mode.  This mode uses separate windows for each folder.  A separate mode, called <guilabel>Browser</guilabel> mode, exists that uses the same window for each folder.</para>
<note>
<para>For more information about different modes for the file manager, see <ulink url="ghelp:user-guide?nautilus-presentation">the user guide</ulink>.</para>
</note>
<section id="keynav-spatial">
<title>To Navigate a Folder</title>
<para>The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that enable you to navigate folders in 
the file manager.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select the next or previous file or folder in the direction of the arrow key.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the next or previous file or folder but do not select the item.  This allows multiple files to be selected.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the focused file or folder.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
<keycap>spacebar</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the item that currently has focus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>A sequence of characters
that matches the first <replaceable>n</replaceable> characters of a filename.</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the first file or folder that starts with the specified sequence of
characters.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the first file or folder within the current folder.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the last file or folder within the current folder.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>backspace</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the current folder's parent folder.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-navigational">
<title>To Navigate Browser Window Components</title>
<anchor id="keynav-21"/>
<para>When operating in browser mode, the file manager window contains several components
and there are different keyboard shortcuts defined to navigate each component. </para>

<para>The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that enable you
to navigate between  the components.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>F6</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Switch focus between the side
pane and the view pane.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>F10</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Open the side pane popup menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-52">
<title>Navigating Help Content in Caret Navigation Mode</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for Help content</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>caret navigation mode</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table describes how to navigate HTML-based
help content in caret navigation mode in the <application>Yelp</application>
help browser. Caret navigation is a mode of operation in an application which
enables you to use the keyboard to select text.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>F7</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Switch to caret navigation mode. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>left arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move one character to the left.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>right arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move one character to the right.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>up arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move up one line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>down arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move down one line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + left arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move to the beginning of the previous word.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> + right arrow</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move to the end of the next word.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Scroll up one page of content.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Scroll down one page of content.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move to the beginning of the current line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move to the end of the current line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> + arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move from the current
position to the destination position and select all text between the two positions.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move focus to the next focusable control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Move focus to the
previous focusable control.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para>
<keycap>Enter</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Activate a button or submit a form.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-23">
<title>Navigating Standard Elements and Controls</title>
<para>The following sections describe how to navigate and use standard user
interface elements and controls from the keyboard.</para>
<section id="keynav-24">
<title>To Navigate Menus</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for menus</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you
can use to navigate menus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>up arrow</keycap> and <keycap>down
arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next
or previous menu item on a menu.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>If the menu item
that has focus is a submenu, open the submenu and give focus to the first
menu item on the submenu.</para>
<para>If the menu item that has focus is not
a submenu, open the next menu on the menubar.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>If the menu item
that has focus is a submenu item, switch the focus back to the submenu.</para>
<para>If the menu item that has focus is not a submenu item, open the previous menu
on the menubar.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the focused menu item
and close the open menus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>access key</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the menu item that is
associated with the access key and close the open menus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the focused menu item
and close the open menus except when the menu item is a check box or radio
button. If the menu item is a check box or radio button, the menu does not
close.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close the open menus.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-25">
<title>To Navigate Buttons</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for buttons</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A button is a control that you use to start an action. Most
buttons are rectangular and contain a text label. </para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-39">
<title>Sample Button</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/button.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Close button.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate buttons.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Activate the button that has focus. This is the equivalent
of clicking on the button.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Activate the button that has
focus or, if no button has focus, perform the default action for the dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-26">
<title>To Navigate Radio Buttons</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for radio buttons</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A radio button is a control that you use to
select one of several mutually-exclusive options. </para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-40">
<title>Sample Radio Button</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/radio_button.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Two sample radio buttons.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate a set of radio buttons.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select the next or previous radio button and deselect the other radio buttons
in the group.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-27">
<title>To Navigate Check Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for check boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A check box is a control that you use to select
or deselect an option.</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-41">
<title>Sample Check Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/check_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample check box.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate a check box.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select or deselect the check box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-28">
<title>To Navigate Text Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for text boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Text boxes are controls in which you type text.</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-42">
<title>Sample Single Line Text Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/text_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample text box with one input line.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate a single line text box.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor one character to the left.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor one character
to the right.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>left arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the start of the current word. Press-and-hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>left arrow</keycap> to position
the cursor at the start of the previous word.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>right arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the end of the current word. Press-and-hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>right arrow</keycap> to position
the cursor at the end of the next word.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the start
of the line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the end
of the line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>left arrow</keycap></keycombo> or <keycap>right arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select one character at a time to the left or right of
the cursor.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>left arrow</keycap></keycombo> or <keycap>right arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select one word at a time to
the left or right of the cursor.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select all text to the left of the cursor.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select
all text to the right of the cursor.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select all text in the text box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>In addition to the keyboard shortcuts listed in the previous table,
use the keyboard shortcuts in the following table to navigate multi-line text
boxes.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the top of the current view. Press <keycap>Page Up</keycap> again to position the cursor at the top of the previous view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the end
of the current view. Press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> again to position the
cursor at the end of the previous view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>up arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the start of the current paragraph. Press-and-hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press the <keycap>up arrow</keycap> key to position
the cursor at the start of the previous paragraph.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the end of the current paragraph. Press-and-hold <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and continue to press the <keycap>down arrow</keycap> key to
position the cursor at the end of the next paragraph.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor one view width to the left.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor one view width to the right.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position the cursor at the start of the text box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Position
the cursor at the end of the text box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the next control on the dialog.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the start of the current view. Press-and-hold <keycap>Shift</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Page Up</keycap> to extend the
selection to the start of the previous view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the end of the current view. Press-and-hold <keycap>Shift</keycap> and continue to press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> to extend the selection
to the end of the next view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the start of the line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select
the text to the end of the line.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>up arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the start of the paragraph, then to
the start of the previous paragraph.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the end of the paragraph, then to the
end of the next paragraph.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the start of the text box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the text to the end of the text box.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-29">
<title>To Navigate Spin Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for spin boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A spin box is a control that allows you to type
a numeric value or select a value from a list of all possible values. </para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-43">
<title>Sample Spin Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/spin_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample spin box. Contains a text box and up and down arrows.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate the text box area of
a spin box are listed in <xref linkend="keynav-28"/>. The following table lists
the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate the up and down arrows
in the spin box.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>up arrow</keycap> or <keycap>down arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Increase or decrease the
value of the spin box by a small amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Page Up</keycap>
or <keycap>Page Down</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Increase or decrease the value of the spin box by a large amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-30">
<title>To Navigate Drop-Down Lists</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drop-down lists</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A drop-down list is a control that you use to
select one of several available items. The drop-down list contains a button
that you use to display the available items. </para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-44">
<title>Sample Drop-Down List</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/dropdown_list_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample drop-down list.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate a drop-down list.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>This key performs one of the following functions:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If the drop-down list is not open, this key opens the drop-down
list.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the drop-down list is open, this key accepts the current
selection and closes the list. </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the previous list item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the next list item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Esc</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Close the list without changing
the selection.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-31">
<title>To Navigate Drop-Down Combination Boxes</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for drop-down combination
boxes</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A drop-down combination box is a text box
with a drop-down list attached. </para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-45">
<title>Sample Drop-Down Combination Box</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/dropdown_combination_box.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample drop-down combination box. Contains a text box and an arrow button that you click to display the drop-down list.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>When the text box has focus, use the keyboard shortcuts that are listed
in <xref linkend="keynav-28"/> to navigate the text box area. When the text
box has focus, you can also use the keyboard shortcuts in the following table
to navigate the drop-down list area.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select the previous item from the drop-down list without
displaying the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the next item from the
drop-down list without displaying the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo> (Solaris only)</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Open the drop-down list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>When the drop-down list has focus, you can use the keyboard shortcuts
that are listed in the following table to navigate the drop-down list.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>up arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select the previous list item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>down arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the next list item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the first item on the
list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the last item on the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the item at the top of
the current list view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the item at the bottom
of the current list view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Accept the current selection
and close the drop-down list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Scroll to the left of the list, if required.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Scroll to the right of the list, if required.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-32">
<title>To Navigate Sliders</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for sliders</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>A slider is a control that you use to set a value in a continuous
range of values.</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-46">
<title>Sample Slider</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/slider.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Sample slider. Displays a slider control that you can move left or right.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>The following table describes the keyboard shortcuts that you can use
to navigate a slider.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>left arrow</keycap> or <keycap>up arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Move the slider left or
up by a small amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>right arrow</keycap>
or <keycap>down arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the slider right or down by a small amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the slider left or up a
large amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the slider right or down
a small amount.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the slider to the maximum
value.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Move the slider to the minimum
value.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-33">
<title>To Navigate Tabbed Sections</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for tabbed sections</secondary>
</indexterm>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-47">
<title>Sample Dialog with Tabbed Sections</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/tabbed_section.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Editing profile dialog from the GNOME Terminal application. Contains six tabbed sections.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>Windows and dialogs are sometimes divided into logical sections that
are displayed one section at a time on the window or dialog. The divisions
are called tabbed sections that are identified by a tab with a text label. </para>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate the tabbed sections of a window or dialog when a tab name has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>left arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the previous tabbed section.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>right arrow</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next tabbed
section.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Tab</keycap> or<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>down arrow</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the first control on the active tabbed section.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate the tabbed sections of a window or dialog when a control on a tabbed
section has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo>
or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the previous tabbed section. </para>
<para>This keyboard shortcut does not work if the focused control uses <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo> for another purpose.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo> or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the next tabbed section.</para>
<para>This keyboard shortcut
does not work if the focused control uses <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo> for another purpose.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the next control outside the tabbed sections.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-34">
<title>To Navigate Lists</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>for lists</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you
can use to navigate multi-column lists when a column header has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>left arrow</keycap> or <keycap>right
arrow</keycap></para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the previous
or next column header.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>spacebar</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Activate the header. This action
usually sorts the list by the column header.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the list contents.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that you can use to
navigate lists when the contents of the list has focus.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para>arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Select the next or previous row or column.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Up</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the top
row of the list contents that are in view. Press <keycap>Page Up</keycap>
again to select the top row of the previous view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Page Down</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the bottom row of the
list contents that are in view. Press <keycap>Page Down</keycap> again to
select the bottom row of the next view.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Home</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the first row in the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>End</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the last row in the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Shift</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>For
lists that support multi-line selections, add the next or previous row or
column to the current selection.</para>
<para>For lists that only allow single
line selections, select the next or previous row or column.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select all the rows between the current selection and the top row of the view. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select all the rows between the current selection and the bottom row of the
view. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select all the rows between the current selection and the first row in the
list. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select
all the rows between the current selection and the last row in the list. </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>Ctrl</keycap> +
arrow keys</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the next row or column but do not extend the selection.  Further items can be selected by pressing the <keycap>spacebar</keycap></para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Up</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the top row in the view but do not extend the selection.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Page Down</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the bottom row in the view but do not extend the selection.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Home</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give focus to the first row in the list but do not extend the selection.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the last row in the list but do not extend the selection.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Return</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Activate the item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>For
lists that support multiline selections, select all rows in the list.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Give
focus to the column header, if applicable.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="keynav-35">
<title>To Navigate Trees</title>
<para>A tree is a user interface control that contains sections that you can
expand and collapse. A tree usually represents a hierarchical structure.</para>
<figure id="keynav-FIG-48">
<title>Sample Tree Structure</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/tree.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Categories tree from the gedit Preferences dialog. Contains three subcategories.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>To navigate trees, you can use the same keyboard shortcuts that are
listed in <xref linkend="keynav-34"/>. In addition, the following table lists
the keyboard shortcuts you can use for the tree items.</para>
<informaltable frame="topbot">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colname="colspec0" colwidth="33*"/>
<colspec colname="colspec1" colwidth="67*"/>
<thead>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry valign="top">
<para>Keys</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Function</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry valign="top">
<para><keycap>+</keycap> (plus)</para>
</entry>
<entry valign="top">
<para>Expand the focused item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para><keycap>-</keycap> (minus)</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Collapse the focused
item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0" valign="top">
<para>
<keycap>Back Space</keycap>
</para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1" valign="top">
<para>Select the parent item.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry colname="colspec0">
<para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F</keycap></keycombo></para>
</entry>
<entry colname="colspec1">
<para>Display a search dialog if the tree supports searching. You can type the
name of the tree item that you want to find.</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
</section>
<section id="keynav-36">
<title>Customizing Your Keyboard Shortcuts</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>keyboard shortcuts</primary>
<secondary>customizing</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Use the <application>Keyboard Shortcuts</application> preference
tool to display the default keyboard shortcuts that you use to navigate the GNOME
Desktop. You can customize the default
keyboard shortcuts to meet your requirements. You can also create hot keys.
Hot keys are keyboard shortcuts that start applications. </para>
<para>To start the <application>Keyboard Shortcuts</application> preference
tool, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Desktop shortcuts</guilabel> table lists the keyboard shortcut that is associated
with each action.</para>
<section id="keynav-49">
<title>To Customize Keyboard Shortcuts on Solaris Systems</title>
<para>To customize a keyboard shortcut on a Solaris system, perform the following
steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the action for which you want to customize the keyboard
shortcut. The row is highlighted.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the keyboard shortcut in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel>
column. The text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column. </para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Press the keys that you want to associate with the action.
The new keyboard shortcut is displayed in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel>
column.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>To disable a keyboard shortcut, perform the following steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the action for which you want to disable the keyboard
shortcut. The row is highlighted.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the keyboard shortcut in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel>
column. The text <quote>Type a new accelerator, or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column. </para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Press <keycap>Back Space</keycap>. The keyboard shortcut is
disabled.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="keynav-50">
<title>To Customize Keyboard Shortcuts on Linux Systems</title>
<para>To customize a keyboard shortcut on a Linux system, perform the following
steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the action for which you want to customize the keyboard
shortcut. The row is highlighted and the text <quote>Type a new accelerator,
or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Press the keys that you want to associate with the action.
The new keyboard shortcut is displayed in the <guilabel>Shortcut</guilabel>
column.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>To disable a keyboard shortcut, perform the following steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Click on the action for which you want to disable the keyboard
shortcut. The row is highlighted and the text <quote>Type a new accelerator,
or press Backspace to clear</quote> is displayed in the Shortcut column.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Press <keycap>Back Space</keycap>. The keyboard shortcut is
disabled.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>
