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14.3.3.4 Standard option actions

The various option actions all have slightly different requirements and effects. Most actions have several relevant option attributes which you may specify to guide `optparse`'s behaviour; a few have required attributes, which you must specify for any option using that action.

- `store` [relevant: `type`, `dest`, `nargs`, `choices`]

  The option must be followed by an argument, which is converted to a value according to `type` and stored in `dest`. If `nargs` > 1, multiple arguments will be consumed from the command line; all will be converted according to `type` and stored to `dest` as a tuple. See the ``Option types'' section below.

  If `choices` is supplied (a list or tuple of strings), the type defaults to `choice`.

  If `type` is not supplied, it defaults to `string`.

  If `dest` is not supplied, `optparse` derives a destination from the first long option string (e.g., `"-foo-bar"` implies `foo_bar`). If there are no long option strings, `optparse` derives a destination from the first short option string (e.g., `"-f"` implies `f`).

  Example:

      parser.add_option("-f")
      parser.add_option("-p", type="float", nargs=3, dest="point")

  As it parses the command line

      -f foo.txt -p 1 -3.5 4 -fbar.txt

  `optparse` will set

      options.f = "foo.txt"
      options.point = (1.0, -3.5, 4.0)
      options.f = "bar.txt"

- `store_const` [required: `const`; relevant: `dest`]

  The value `const` is stored in `dest`.

  Example:

      parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
                        action="store_const", const=0, dest="verbose")
      parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose",
                        action="store_const", const=1, dest="verbose")
      parser.add_option("--noisy",
                        action="store_const", const=2, dest="verbose")

  If `"-noisy"` is seen, `optparse` will set

      options.verbose = 2

- `store_true` [relevant: `dest`]

  A special case of `store_const` that stores a true value to `dest`.

- `store_false` [relevant: `dest`]

  Like `store_true`, but stores a false value.

  Example:

      parser.add_option("--clobber", action="store_true", dest="clobber")
      parser.add_option("--no-clobber", action="store_false", dest="clobber")

- `append` [relevant: `type`, `dest`, `nargs`, `choices`]

  The option must be followed by an argument, which is appended to the list in `dest`. If no default value for `dest` is supplied, an empty list is automatically created when `optparse` first encounters this option on the command-line. If `nargs` > 1, multiple arguments are consumed, and a tuple of length `nargs` is appended to `dest`.

  The defaults for `type` and `dest` are the same as for the `store` action.

  Example:

      parser.add_option("-t", "--tracks", action="append", type="int")

  If `"-t3"` is seen on the command-line, `optparse` does the equivalent of:

      options.tracks = []
      options.tracks.append(int("3"))

  If, a little later on, `"-tracks=4"` is seen, it does:

      options.tracks.append(int("4"))

- `append_const` [required: `const`; relevant: `dest`]

  Like `store_const`, but the value `const` is appended to `dest`; as with `append`, `dest` defaults to `None`, and an an empty list is automatically created the first time the option is encountered.

- `count` [relevant: `dest`]

  Increment the integer stored at `dest`. If no default value is supplied, `dest` is set to zero before being incremented the first time.

  Example:

      parser.add_option("-v", action="count", dest="verbosity")

  The first time `"-v"` is seen on the command line, `optparse` does the equivalent of:

      options.verbosity = 0
      options.verbosity += 1

  Every subsequent occurrence of `"-v"` results in

      options.verbosity += 1

- `callback` [required: `callback`; relevant: `type`, `nargs`, `callback_args`, `callback_kwargs`]

  Call the function specified by `callback`, which is called as

      func(option, opt_str, value, parser, *args, **kwargs)

  See section 14.3.4, Option Callbacks for more detail.

- `help`

  Prints a complete help message for all the options in the current option parser. The help message is constructed from the `usage` string passed to OptionParser's constructor and the `help` string passed to every option.

  If no `help` string is supplied for an option, it will still be listed in the help message. To omit an option entirely, use the special value `optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`.

  `optparse` automatically adds a `help` option to all OptionParsers, so you do not normally need to create one.

  Example:

      from optparse import OptionParser, SUPPRESS_HELP

      parser = OptionParser()
      parser.add_option("-h", "--help", action="help"),
      parser.add_option("-v", action="store_true", dest="verbose",
                        help="Be moderately verbose")
      parser.add_option("--file", dest="filename",
                        help="Input file to read data from"),
      parser.add_option("--secret", help=SUPPRESS_HELP)

  If `optparse` sees either `"-h"` or `"-help"` on the command line, it will print something like the following help message to stdout (assuming `sys.argv[0]` is `"foo.py"`):

      usage: foo.py [options]

      options:
        -h, --help        Show this help message and exit
        -v                Be moderately verbose
        --file=FILENAME   Input file to read data from

  After printing the help message, `optparse` terminates your process with `sys.exit(0)`.

- `version`

  Prints the version number supplied to the OptionParser to stdout and exits. The version number is actually formatted and printed by the `print_version()` method of OptionParser. Generally only relevant if the `version` argument is supplied to the OptionParser constructor. As with `help` options, you will rarely create `version` options, since `optparse` automatically adds them when needed.