Posing
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## Posing

Relevant to Blender v2.31

Once you have a rigged and skinned Gus you can start playing with him as if he were a doll, moving his bones and viewing the results.

1. Select the armature only, then select `Pose Mode` from the "Mode" Menu (Figure 4.59, “The toggle button to switch to pose mode in the 3D Window toolbar.”). This option only appears if an armature is selected.

Figure 4.59. The toggle button to switch to pose mode in the 3D Window toolbar.

2. The armature will turn blue. You are in Pose Mode. If you now select a bone it will turn cyan, not pink, and if you move it (GKEY), or rotate it (RKEY), the body will deform!

Figure 4.60. You are in pose mode now!

### Original position

Blender remembers the original position of the bones. You can set your armature back by pressing the `RestPos` button in the Armature Edit Buttons (Figure 4.52, “The Edit Buttons window for an armature.”).

### Forward and Inverse Kinematics

While handling bones in pose mode you will notice that they act as rigid, inextensible bodies with spherical joints at the end. You can actually grab only the first bone of a chain and all the other will follow it. All subsequent bones in the chain cannot be grabbed and moved, you can only rotate them, so that the selected bone rotates with respect to the previous bone in the chain while all the subsequent bones of the chain follow its rotation.

This procedure, called Forward Kinematics (FK) is easy to follow, but it makes precise location of the last bone of the chain difficult. We can use another method, Inverse Kinematics (IK) where you actually define the position of the last bone in the chain, and all the other assume a position, automatically computed by Blender, to keep the chain without gaps. Hence precise positioning of hands and feet is much easier.

We'll make Gus walk by defining four different poses relative to four different stages of a stride. Blender will do the work of creating a fluid animation.

1. First, verify that you are at frame 1 of the timeline. The frame number appears in a NumButton on the right of the Buttons Window Toolbar (Figure 4.61, “The current frame Num Button in the Buttons window Toolbar.”). If it is not set to 1, set it to 1 now.

Figure 4.61. The current frame Num Button in the Buttons window Toolbar.

2. Now, by rotating only one bone at a time (RKEY), we'll raise UpLeg.L and bend LoLeg.L backwards while raising Arm.R a little and lowering Arm.L a little, as shown in Figure 4.62, “Our first pose.”.

Figure 4.62. Our first pose.

3. Select all bones with AKEY. With the mouse pointer on the 3D Window, press IKEY. A menu pops up (Figure 4.63, “Storing the pose to the frame.”). Select `LocRot` from this menu. This will get the position and orientation of all bones and store it in a pose at frame 1. This pose represents Gus in the middle of his stride, while moving his left leg forward and above the ground.

Figure 4.63. Storing the pose to the frame.

4. Now move to frame 11 either by entering the number in the NumButton or by pressing UPARROW. Then move Gus to a different position, like Figure 4.64, “Our second pose.”, with his left leg forward and right leg backward, both slightly bent. Gus is walking in place!

Figure 4.64. Our second pose.

5. Select all bones again and press IKEY to store this pose at frame 11.

6. We now need a third pose at frame 21, with the right leg up, because we are in the middle of the other half of the stride. This pose is the mirror of the one we defined at frame 1. Therefore, return to frame 1 and, in the `Armature` Menu in the 3D Window header select the `Copy Pose` entry. (Figure 4.65, “Copying the pose to the buffer”). You have copied the current pose to the buffer.

Figure 4.65. Copying the pose to the buffer

7. Go to frame 21 and paste the pose with the `Paste Flipped Pose` option in the `Armature` Menu (Figure 4.66, “Pasting the copy as a new, flipped, pose.”). This button will paste the cut pose, exchanging the positions of bones with suffix .L with those of bones with suffix .R, effectively flipping it!

Figure 4.66. Pasting the copy as a new, flipped, pose.

The pose is there but it has not been stored yet! You must press IKEY with all bones selected.

8. Now apply the same procedure to copy the pose at frame 11 to frame 31, also flipping it.

9. To complete the cycle, we need to copy the pose at frame 1 without flipping to frame 41. Do so by copying it as usual, and by using `Paste Pose` entry. End the sequence by storing the pose with IKEY.

### Checking the animation

To preview your Animation, set the current frame to 1 and press ALT-A in the 3D window.

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