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# torrentclient.cpp Example File
network/torrent/torrentclient.cpp

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     #include "connectionmanager.h"
     #include "filemanager.h"
     #include "metainfo.h"
     #include "torrentclient.h"
     #include "torrentserver.h"
     #include "trackerclient.h"
     #include "peerwireclient.h"
     #include "ratecontroller.h"

     #include <QtCore>
     #include <QNetworkInterface>

     // These constants could also be configurable by the user.
     static const int ServerMinPort = 6881;
     static const int ServerMaxPort = /* 6889 */ 7000;
     static const int BlockSize = 16384;
     static const int MaxBlocksInProgress = 5;
     static const int MaxBlocksInMultiMode = 2;
     static const int MaxConnectionPerPeer = 1;
     static const int RateControlWindowLength = 10;
     static const int RateControlTimerDelay = 1000;
     static const int MinimumTimeBeforeRevisit = 30;
     static const int MaxUploads = 4;
     static const int UploadScheduleInterval = 10000;
     static const int EndGamePieces = 5;

     class TorrentPiece {
     public:
         int index;
         int length;
         QBitArray completedBlocks;
         QBitArray requestedBlocks;
         bool inProgress;
     };

     class TorrentClientPrivate
     {
     public:
         TorrentClientPrivate(TorrentClient *qq);

         // State / error
         void setError(TorrentClient::Error error);
         void setState(TorrentClient::State state);
         TorrentClient::Error error;
         TorrentClient::State state;
         QString errorString;
         QString stateString;

         // Where to save data
         QString destinationFolder;
         MetaInfo metaInfo;

         // Announce tracker and file manager
         QByteArray peerId;
         QByteArray infoHash;
         TrackerClient trackerClient;
         FileManager fileManager;

         // Connections
         QList<PeerWireClient *> connections;
         QList<TorrentPeer *> peers;
         bool schedulerCalled;
         void callScheduler();
         bool connectingToClients;
         void callPeerConnector();
         int uploadScheduleTimer;

         // Pieces
         QMap<int, PeerWireClient *> readIds;
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *> payloads;
         QMap<int, TorrentPiece *> pendingPieces;
         QBitArray completedPieces;
         QBitArray incompletePieces;
         int pieceCount;

         // Progress
         int lastProgressValue;
         qint64 downloadedBytes;
         qint64 uploadedBytes;
         int downloadRate[RateControlWindowLength];
         int uploadRate[RateControlWindowLength];
         int transferRateTimer;

         TorrentClient *q;
     };

     TorrentClientPrivate::TorrentClientPrivate(TorrentClient *qq)
         : trackerClient(qq), q(qq)
     {
         error = TorrentClient::UnknownError;
         state = TorrentClient::Idle;
         errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Unknown error");
         stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Idle");
         schedulerCalled = false;
         connectingToClients = false;
         uploadScheduleTimer = 0;
         lastProgressValue = -1;
         pieceCount = 0;
         downloadedBytes = 0;
         uploadedBytes = 0;
         memset(downloadRate, 0, sizeof(downloadRate));
         memset(uploadRate, 0, sizeof(uploadRate));
         transferRateTimer = 0;
     }

     void TorrentClientPrivate::setError(TorrentClient::Error errorCode)
     {
         this->error = errorCode;
         switch (error) {
         case TorrentClient::UnknownError:
             errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Unknown error");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::TorrentParseError:
             errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Invalid torrent data");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::InvalidTrackerError:
             errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Unable to connect to tracker");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::FileError:
             errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "File error");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::ServerError:
             errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Unable to initialize server");
             break;
         }
         emit q->error(errorCode);
     }

     void TorrentClientPrivate::setState(TorrentClient::State state)
     {
         this->state = state;
         switch (state) {
         case TorrentClient::Idle:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Idle");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Paused:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Paused");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Stopping:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Stopping");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Preparing:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Preparing");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Searching:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Searching");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Connecting:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Connecting");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::WarmingUp:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Warming up");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Downloading:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Downloading");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Endgame:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Finishing");
             break;
         case TorrentClient::Seeding:
             stateString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(TorrentClient, "Seeding");
             break;
         }
         emit q->stateChanged(state);
     }

     void TorrentClientPrivate::callScheduler()
     {
         if (!schedulerCalled) {
             schedulerCalled = true;
             QMetaObject::invokeMethod(q, "scheduleDownloads", Qt::QueuedConnection);
         }
     }

     void TorrentClientPrivate::callPeerConnector()
     {
         if (!connectingToClients) {
             connectingToClients = true;
             QTimer::singleShot(10000, q, SLOT(connectToPeers()));
         }
     }

     TorrentClient::TorrentClient(QObject *parent)
         : QObject(parent), d(new TorrentClientPrivate(this))
     {
         // Connect the file manager
         connect(&d->fileManager, SIGNAL(dataRead(int, int, int, const QByteArray &)),
                 this, SLOT(sendToPeer(int, int, int, const QByteArray &)));
         connect(&d->fileManager, SIGNAL(verificationProgress(int)),
                 this, SLOT(updateProgress(int)));
         connect(&d->fileManager, SIGNAL(verificationDone()),
                 this, SLOT(fullVerificationDone()));
         connect(&d->fileManager, SIGNAL(pieceVerified(int, bool)),
                 this, SLOT(pieceVerified(int, bool)));
         connect(&d->fileManager, SIGNAL(error()),
                 this, SLOT(handleFileError()));

         // Connect the tracker client
         connect(&d->trackerClient, SIGNAL(peerListUpdated(const QList<TorrentPeer> &)),
                 this, SLOT(addToPeerList(const QList<TorrentPeer> &)));
         connect(&d->trackerClient, SIGNAL(stopped()),
                 this, SIGNAL(stopped()));
     }

     TorrentClient::~TorrentClient()
     {
         qDeleteAll(d->peers);
         qDeleteAll(d->pendingPieces);
         delete d;
     }

     bool TorrentClient::setTorrent(const QString &fileName)
     {
         QFile file(fileName);
         if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly) || !setTorrent(file.readAll())) {
             d->setError(TorrentParseError);
             return false;
         }
         return true;
     }

     bool TorrentClient::setTorrent(const QByteArray &torrentData)
     {
         if (!d->metaInfo.parse(torrentData)) {
             d->setError(TorrentParseError);
             return false;
         }

         // Calculate SHA1 hash of the "info" section in the torrent
         QByteArray infoValue = d->metaInfo.infoValue();
         d->infoHash = QCryptographicHash::hash(infoValue, QCryptographicHash::Sha1);

         return true;
     }

     MetaInfo TorrentClient::metaInfo() const
     {
         return d->metaInfo;
     }

     void TorrentClient::setDestinationFolder(const QString &directory)
     {
         d->destinationFolder = directory;
     }

     QString TorrentClient::destinationFolder() const
     {
         return d->destinationFolder;
     }

     void TorrentClient::setDumpedState(const QByteArray &dumpedState)
     {
         // Recover partially completed pieces
         QDataStream stream(dumpedState);

         quint16 version = 0;
         stream >> version;
         if (version != 2)
             return;

         stream >> d->completedPieces;

         while (!stream.atEnd()) {
             int index;
             int length;
             QBitArray completed;
             stream >> index >> length >> completed;
             if (stream.status() != QDataStream::Ok) {
                 d->completedPieces.clear();
                 break;
             }

             TorrentPiece *piece = new TorrentPiece;
             piece->index = index;
             piece->length = length;
             piece->completedBlocks = completed;
             piece->requestedBlocks.resize(completed.size());
             piece->inProgress = false;
             d->pendingPieces[index] = piece;
         }
     }

     QByteArray TorrentClient::dumpedState() const
     {
         QByteArray partials;
         QDataStream stream(&partials, QIODevice::WriteOnly);

         stream << quint16(2);
         stream << d->completedPieces;

         // Save the state of all partially downloaded pieces into a format
         // suitable for storing in settings.
         QMap<int, TorrentPiece *>::ConstIterator it = d->pendingPieces.constBegin();
         while (it != d->pendingPieces.constEnd()) {
             TorrentPiece *piece = it.value();
             if (blocksLeftForPiece(piece) > 0 && blocksLeftForPiece(piece) < piece->completedBlocks.size()) {
                 stream << piece->index;
                 stream << piece->length;
                 stream << piece->completedBlocks;
             }
             ++it;
         }

         return partials;
     }

     qint64 TorrentClient::progress() const
     {
         return d->lastProgressValue;
     }

     void TorrentClient::setDownloadedBytes(qint64 bytes)
     {
         d->downloadedBytes = bytes;
     }

     qint64 TorrentClient::downloadedBytes() const
     {
         return d->downloadedBytes;
     }

     void TorrentClient::setUploadedBytes(qint64 bytes)
     {
         d->uploadedBytes = bytes;
     }

     qint64 TorrentClient::uploadedBytes() const
     {
         return d->uploadedBytes;
     }

     int TorrentClient::connectedPeerCount() const
     {
         int tmp = 0;
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
             if (client->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
                 ++tmp;
         }
         return tmp;
     }

     int TorrentClient::seedCount() const
     {
         int tmp = 0;
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
             if (client->availablePieces().count(true) == d->pieceCount)
                 ++tmp;
         }
         return tmp;
     }

     TorrentClient::State TorrentClient::state() const
     {
         return d->state;
     }

     QString TorrentClient::stateString() const
     {
         return d->stateString;
     }

     TorrentClient::Error TorrentClient::error() const
     {
         return d->error;
     }

     QString TorrentClient::errorString() const
     {
         return d->errorString;
     }

     QByteArray TorrentClient::peerId() const
     {
         return d->peerId;
     }

     QByteArray TorrentClient::infoHash() const
     {
         return d->infoHash;
     }

     void TorrentClient::start()
     {
         if (d->state != Idle)
             return;

         TorrentServer::instance()->addClient(this);

         // Initialize the file manager
         d->setState(Preparing);
         d->fileManager.setMetaInfo(d->metaInfo);
         d->fileManager.setDestinationFolder(d->destinationFolder);
         d->fileManager.setCompletedPieces(d->completedPieces);
         d->fileManager.start(QThread::LowestPriority);
         d->fileManager.startDataVerification();
     }

     void TorrentClient::stop()
     {
         if (d->state == Stopping)
             return;

         TorrentServer::instance()->removeClient(this);

         // Update the state
         State oldState = d->state;
         d->setState(Stopping);

         // Stop the timer
         if (d->transferRateTimer) {
             killTimer(d->transferRateTimer);
             d->transferRateTimer = 0;
         }

         // Abort all existing connections
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
             RateController::instance()->removeSocket(client);
             ConnectionManager::instance()->removeConnection(client);
             client->abort();
         }
         d->connections.clear();

         // Perhaps stop the tracker
         if (oldState > Preparing) {
             d->trackerClient.stop();
         } else {
             d->setState(Idle);
             emit stopped();
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::setPaused(bool paused)
     {
         if (paused) {
             // Abort all connections, and set the max number of
             // connections to 0. Keep the list of peers, so we can quickly
             // resume later.
             d->setState(Paused);
             foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections)
                 client->abort();
             d->connections.clear();
             TorrentServer::instance()->removeClient(this);
         } else {
             // Restore the max number of connections, and start the peer
             // connector. We should also quickly start receiving incoming
             // connections.
             d->setState(d->completedPieces.count(true) == d->fileManager.pieceCount()
                         ? Seeding : Searching);
             connectToPeers();
             TorrentServer::instance()->addClient(this);
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
     {
         if (event->timerId() == d->uploadScheduleTimer) {
             // Update the state of who's choked and who's not
             scheduleUploads();
             return;
         }

         if (event->timerId() != d->transferRateTimer) {
             QObject::timerEvent(event);
             return;
         }

         // Calculate average upload/download rate
         qint64 uploadBytesPerSecond = 0;
         qint64 downloadBytesPerSecond = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < RateControlWindowLength; ++i) {
             uploadBytesPerSecond += d->uploadRate[i];
             downloadBytesPerSecond += d->downloadRate[i];
         }
         uploadBytesPerSecond /= qint64(RateControlWindowLength);
         downloadBytesPerSecond /= qint64(RateControlWindowLength);
         for (int i = RateControlWindowLength - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
             d->uploadRate[i + 1] = d->uploadRate[i];
             d->downloadRate[i + 1] = d->downloadRate[i];
         }
         d->uploadRate[0] = 0;
         d->downloadRate[0] = 0;
         emit uploadRateUpdated(int(uploadBytesPerSecond));
         emit downloadRateUpdated(int(downloadBytesPerSecond));

         // Stop the timer if there is no activity.
         if (downloadBytesPerSecond == 0 && uploadBytesPerSecond == 0) {
             killTimer(d->transferRateTimer);
             d->transferRateTimer = 0;
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::sendToPeer(int readId, int pieceIndex, int begin, const QByteArray &data)
     {
         // Send the requested block to the peer if the client connection
         // still exists; otherwise do nothing. This slot is called by the
         // file manager after it has read a block of data.
         PeerWireClient *client = d->readIds.value(readId);
         if (client) {
             if ((client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokingPeer) == 0)
                 client->sendBlock(pieceIndex, begin, data);
         }
         d->readIds.remove(readId);
     }

     void TorrentClient::fullVerificationDone()
     {
         // Update our list of completed and incomplete pieces.
         d->completedPieces = d->fileManager.completedPieces();
         d->incompletePieces.resize(d->completedPieces.size());
         d->pieceCount = d->completedPieces.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < d->fileManager.pieceCount(); ++i) {
             if (!d->completedPieces.testBit(i))
                 d->incompletePieces.setBit(i);
         }

         updateProgress();

         // If the checksums show that what the dumped state thought was
         // partial was in fact complete, then we trust the checksums.
         QMap<int, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->pendingPieces.begin();
         while (it != d->pendingPieces.end()) {
             if (d->completedPieces.testBit(it.key()))
                 it = d->pendingPieces.erase(it);
             else
                 ++it;
         }

         d->uploadScheduleTimer = startTimer(UploadScheduleInterval);

         // Start the server
         TorrentServer *server = TorrentServer::instance();
         if (!server->isListening()) {
             // Set up the peer wire server
             for (int i = ServerMinPort; i <= ServerMaxPort; ++i) {
                 if (server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, i))
                     break;
             }
             if (!server->isListening()) {
                 d->setError(ServerError);
                 return;
             }
         }

         d->setState(d->completedPieces.count(true) == d->pieceCount ? Seeding : Searching);

         // Start the tracker client
         d->trackerClient.start(d->metaInfo);
     }

     void TorrentClient::pieceVerified(int pieceIndex, bool ok)
     {
         TorrentPiece *piece = d->pendingPieces.value(pieceIndex);

         // Remove this piece from all payloads
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.begin();
         while (it != d->payloads.end()) {
             if (it.value()->index == pieceIndex)
                 it = d->payloads.erase(it);
             else
                 ++it;
         }

         if (!ok) {
             // If a piece did not pass the SHA1 check, we'll simply clear
             // its state, and the scheduler will re-request it
             piece->inProgress = false;
             piece->completedBlocks.fill(false);
             piece->requestedBlocks.fill(false);
             d->callScheduler();
             return;
         }

         // Update the peer list so we know who's still interesting.
         foreach (TorrentPeer *peer, d->peers) {
             if (!peer->interesting)
                 continue;
             bool interesting = false;
             for (int i = 0; i < d->pieceCount; ++i) {
                 if (peer->pieces.testBit(i) && d->incompletePieces.testBit(i)) {
                     interesting = true;
                     break;
                 }
             }
             peer->interesting = interesting;
         }

         // Delete the piece and update our structures.
         delete piece;
         d->pendingPieces.remove(pieceIndex);
         d->completedPieces.setBit(pieceIndex);
         d->incompletePieces.clearBit(pieceIndex);

         // Notify connected peers.
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
             if (client->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState
                 && !client->availablePieces().testBit(pieceIndex)) {
                 client->sendPieceNotification(pieceIndex);
             }
         }

         // Notify the tracker if we've entered Seeding status; otherwise
         // call the scheduler.
         int completed = d->completedPieces.count(true);
         if (completed == d->pieceCount) {
             if (d->state != Seeding) {
                 d->setState(Seeding);
                 d->trackerClient.startSeeding();
             }
         } else {
             if (completed == 1)
                 d->setState(Downloading);
             else if (d->incompletePieces.count(true) < 5 && d->pendingPieces.size() > d->incompletePieces.count(true))
                 d->setState(Endgame);
             d->callScheduler();
         }

         updateProgress();
     }

     void TorrentClient::handleFileError()
     {
         if (d->state == Paused)
             return;
         setPaused(true);
         emit error(FileError);
     }

     void TorrentClient::connectToPeers()
     {
         d->connectingToClients = false;

         if (d->state == Stopping || d->state == Idle || d->state == Paused)
             return;

         if (d->state == Searching)
             d->setState(Connecting);

         // Find the list of peers we are not currently connected to, where
         // the more interesting peers are listed more than once.
         QList<TorrentPeer *> weighedPeers = weighedFreePeers();

         // Start as many connections as we can
         while (!weighedPeers.isEmpty() && ConnectionManager::instance()->canAddConnection()
                && (qrand() % (ConnectionManager::instance()->maxConnections() / 2))) {
             PeerWireClient *client = new PeerWireClient(ConnectionManager::instance()->clientId(), this);
             RateController::instance()->addSocket(client);
             ConnectionManager::instance()->addConnection(client);

             initializeConnection(client);
             d->connections << client;

             // Pick a random peer from the list of weighed peers.
             TorrentPeer *peer = weighedPeers.takeAt(qrand() % weighedPeers.size());
             weighedPeers.removeAll(peer);
             peer->connectStart = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toTime_t();
             peer->lastVisited = peer->connectStart;

             // Connect to the peer.
             client->setPeer(peer);
             client->connectToHost(peer->address, peer->port);
         }
     }

     QList<TorrentPeer *> TorrentClient::weighedFreePeers() const
     {
         QList<TorrentPeer *> weighedPeers;

         // Generate a list of peers that we want to connect to.
         uint now = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toTime_t();
         QList<TorrentPeer *> freePeers;
         QMap<QString, int> connectionsPerPeer;
         foreach (TorrentPeer *peer, d->peers) {
             bool busy = false;
             foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
                 if (client->state() == PeerWireClient::ConnectedState
                     && client->peerAddress() == peer->address
                     && client->peerPort() == peer->port) {
                     if (++connectionsPerPeer[peer->address.toString()] >= MaxConnectionPerPeer) {
                         busy = true;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (!busy && (now - peer->lastVisited) > uint(MinimumTimeBeforeRevisit))
                 freePeers << peer;
         }

         // Nothing to connect to
         if (freePeers.isEmpty())
             return weighedPeers;

         // Assign points based on connection speed and pieces available.
         QList<QPair<int, TorrentPeer *> > points;
         foreach (TorrentPeer *peer, freePeers) {
             int tmp = 0;
             if (peer->interesting) {
                 tmp += peer->numCompletedPieces;
                 if (d->state == Seeding)
                     tmp = d->pieceCount - tmp;
                 if (!peer->connectStart) // An unknown peer is as interesting as a seed
                     tmp += d->pieceCount;

                 // 1/5 of the total score for each second below 5 it takes to
                 // connect.
                 if (peer->connectTime < 5)
                     tmp += (d->pieceCount / 10) * (5 - peer->connectTime);
             }
             points << QPair<int, TorrentPeer *>(tmp, peer);
         }
         qSort(points);

         // Minimize the list so the point difference is never more than 1.
         typedef QPair<int,TorrentPeer*> PointPair;
         QMultiMap<int, TorrentPeer *> pointMap;
         int lowestScore = 0;
         int lastIndex = 0;
         foreach (PointPair point, points) {
             if (point.first > lowestScore) {
                 lowestScore = point.first;
                 ++lastIndex;
             }
             pointMap.insert(lastIndex, point.second);
         }

         // Now make up a list of peers where the ones with more points are
         // listed many times.
         QMultiMap<int, TorrentPeer *>::ConstIterator it = pointMap.constBegin();
         while (it != pointMap.constEnd()) {
             for (int i = 0; i < it.key() + 1; ++i)
                 weighedPeers << it.value();
             ++it;
         }

         return weighedPeers;
     }

     void TorrentClient::setupIncomingConnection(PeerWireClient *client)
     {
         // Connect signals
         initializeConnection(client);

         // Initialize this client
         RateController::instance()->addSocket(client);
         d->connections << client;

         client->initialize(d->infoHash, d->pieceCount);
         client->sendPieceList(d->completedPieces);

         emit peerInfoUpdated();

         if (d->state == Searching || d->state == Connecting) {
             int completed = d->completedPieces.count(true);
             if (completed == 0)
                 d->setState(WarmingUp);
             else if (d->incompletePieces.count(true) < 5 && d->pendingPieces.size() > d->incompletePieces.count(true))
                 d->setState(Endgame);
         }

         if (d->connections.isEmpty())
             scheduleUploads();
     }

     void TorrentClient::setupOutgoingConnection()
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());

         // Update connection statistics.
         foreach (TorrentPeer *peer, d->peers) {
             if (peer->port == client->peerPort() && peer->address == client->peerAddress()) {
                 peer->connectTime = peer->lastVisited - peer->connectStart;
                 break;
             }
         }

         // Send handshake and piece list
         client->initialize(d->infoHash, d->pieceCount);
         client->sendPieceList(d->completedPieces);

         emit peerInfoUpdated();

         if (d->state == Searching || d->state == Connecting) {
             int completed = d->completedPieces.count(true);
             if (completed == 0)
                 d->setState(WarmingUp);
             else if (d->incompletePieces.count(true) < 5 && d->pendingPieces.size() > d->incompletePieces.count(true))
                 d->setState(Endgame);
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::initializeConnection(PeerWireClient *client)
     {
         connect(client, SIGNAL(connected()),
                 this, SLOT(setupOutgoingConnection()));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(disconnected()),
                 this, SLOT(removeClient()));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),
                 this, SLOT(removeClient()));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(piecesAvailable(const QBitArray &)),
                 this, SLOT(peerPiecesAvailable(const QBitArray &)));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(blockRequested(int, int, int)),
                 this, SLOT(peerRequestsBlock(int, int, int)));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(blockReceived(int, int, const QByteArray &)),
                 this, SLOT(blockReceived(int, int, const QByteArray &)));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(choked()),
                 this, SLOT(peerChoked()));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(unchoked()),
                 this, SLOT(peerUnchoked()));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)),
                 this, SLOT(peerWireBytesWritten(qint64)));
         connect(client, SIGNAL(bytesReceived(qint64)),
                 this, SLOT(peerWireBytesReceived(qint64)));
     }

     void TorrentClient::removeClient()
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = static_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());

         // Remove the host from our list of known peers if the connection
         // failed.
         if (client->peer() && client->error() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectionRefusedError)
             d->peers.removeAll(client->peer());

         // Remove the client from RateController and all structures.
         RateController::instance()->removeSocket(client);
         d->connections.removeAll(client);
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.find(client);
         while (it != d->payloads.end() && it.key() == client) {
             TorrentPiece *piece = it.value();
             piece->inProgress = false;
             piece->requestedBlocks.fill(false);
             it = d->payloads.erase(it);
         }

         // Remove pending read requests.
         QMapIterator<int, PeerWireClient *> it2(d->readIds);
         while (it2.findNext(client))
             d->readIds.remove(it2.key());

         // Delete the client later.
         disconnect(client, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(removeClient()));
         client->deleteLater();
         ConnectionManager::instance()->removeConnection(client);

         emit peerInfoUpdated();
         d->callPeerConnector();
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerPiecesAvailable(const QBitArray &pieces)
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());

         // Find the peer in our list of announced peers. If it's there,
         // then we can use the piece list into to gather statistics that
         // help us decide what peers to connect to.
         TorrentPeer *peer = 0;
         QList<TorrentPeer *>::Iterator it = d->peers.begin();
         while (it != d->peers.end()) {
             if ((*it)->address == client->peerAddress() && (*it)->port == client->peerPort()) {
                 peer = *it;
                 break;
             }
             ++it;
         }

         // If the peer is a seed, and we are in seeding mode, then the
         // peer is uninteresting.
         if (pieces.count(true) == d->pieceCount) {
             if (peer)
                 peer->seed = true;
             emit peerInfoUpdated();
             if (d->state == Seeding) {
                 client->abort();
                 return;
             } else {
                 if (peer)
                     peer->interesting = true;
                 if ((client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::InterestedInPeer) == 0)
                     client->sendInterested();
                 d->callScheduler();
                 return;
             }
         }

         // Update our list of available pieces.
         if (peer) {
             peer->pieces = pieces;
             peer->numCompletedPieces = pieces.count(true);
         }

         // Check for interesting pieces, and tell the peer whether we are
         // interested or not.
         bool interested = false;
         int piecesSize = pieces.size();
         for (int pieceIndex = 0; pieceIndex < piecesSize; ++pieceIndex) {
             if (!pieces.testBit(pieceIndex))
                 continue;
             if (!d->completedPieces.testBit(pieceIndex)) {
                 interested = true;
                 if ((client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::InterestedInPeer) == 0) {
                     if (peer)
                         peer->interesting = true;
                     client->sendInterested();
                 }

                 QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.find(client);
                 int inProgress = 0;
                 while (it != d->payloads.end() && it.key() == client) {
                     if (it.value()->inProgress)
                         inProgress += it.value()->requestedBlocks.count(true);
                     ++it;
                 }
                 if (!inProgress)
                     d->callScheduler();
                 break;
             }
         }
         if (!interested && (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::InterestedInPeer)) {
             if (peer)
                 peer->interesting = false;
             client->sendNotInterested();
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerRequestsBlock(int pieceIndex, int begin, int length)
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());

         // Silently ignore requests from choked peers
         if (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokingPeer)
             return;

         // Silently ignore requests for pieces we don't have.
         if (!d->completedPieces.testBit(pieceIndex))
             return;

         // Request the block from the file manager
         d->readIds.insert(d->fileManager.read(pieceIndex, begin, length),
                           qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender()));
     }

     void TorrentClient::blockReceived(int pieceIndex, int begin, const QByteArray &data)
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());
         if (data.size() == 0) {
             client->abort();
             return;
         }

         // Ignore it if we already have this block.
         int blockBit = begin / BlockSize;
         TorrentPiece *piece = d->pendingPieces.value(pieceIndex);
         if (!piece || piece->completedBlocks.testBit(blockBit)) {
             // Discard blocks that we already have, and fill up the pipeline.
             requestMore(client);
             return;
         }

         // If we are in warmup or endgame mode, cancel all duplicate
         // requests for this block.
         if (d->state == WarmingUp || d->state == Endgame) {
             QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.begin();
             while (it != d->payloads.end()) {
                 PeerWireClient *otherClient = it.key();
                 if (otherClient != client && it.value()->index == pieceIndex) {
                     if (otherClient->incomingBlocks().contains(TorrentBlock(pieceIndex, begin, data.size())))
                         it.key()->cancelRequest(pieceIndex, begin, data.size());
                 }
                 ++it;
             }
         }

         if (d->state != Downloading && d->state != Endgame && d->completedPieces.count(true) > 0)
             d->setState(Downloading);

         // Store this block
         d->fileManager.write(pieceIndex, begin, data);
         piece->completedBlocks.setBit(blockBit);
         piece->requestedBlocks.clearBit(blockBit);

         if (blocksLeftForPiece(piece) == 0) {
             // Ask the file manager to verify the newly downloaded piece
             d->fileManager.verifyPiece(piece->index);

             // Remove this piece from all payloads
             QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.begin();
             while (it != d->payloads.end()) {
                 if (!it.value() || it.value()->index == piece->index)
                     it = d->payloads.erase(it);
                 else
                     ++it;
             }
         }

         // Fill up the pipeline.
         requestMore(client);
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerWireBytesWritten(qint64 size)
     {
         if (!d->transferRateTimer)
             d->transferRateTimer = startTimer(RateControlTimerDelay);

         d->uploadRate[0] += size;
         d->uploadedBytes += size;
         emit dataSent(size);
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerWireBytesReceived(qint64 size)
     {
         if (!d->transferRateTimer)
             d->transferRateTimer = startTimer(RateControlTimerDelay);

         d->downloadRate[0] += size;
         d->downloadedBytes += size;
         emit dataSent(size);
     }

     int TorrentClient::blocksLeftForPiece(const TorrentPiece *piece) const
     {
         int blocksLeft = 0;
         int completedBlocksSize = piece->completedBlocks.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < completedBlocksSize; ++i) {
             if (!piece->completedBlocks.testBit(i))
                 ++blocksLeft;
         }
         return blocksLeft;
     }

     void TorrentClient::scheduleUploads()
     {
         // Generate a list of clients sorted by their transfer
         // speeds.  When leeching, we sort by download speed, and when
         // seeding, we sort by upload speed. Seeds are left out; there's
         // no use in unchoking them.
         QList<PeerWireClient *> allClients = d->connections;
         QMultiMap<int, PeerWireClient *> transferSpeeds;
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, allClients) {
             if (client->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState
                 && client->availablePieces().count(true) != d->pieceCount) {
                 if (d->state == Seeding) {
                     transferSpeeds.insert(client->uploadSpeed(), client);
                 } else {
                     transferSpeeds.insert(client->downloadSpeed(), client);
                 }
             }
         }

         // Unchoke the top 'MaxUploads' downloaders (peers that we are
         // uploading to) and choke all others.
         int maxUploaders = MaxUploads;
         QMapIterator<int, PeerWireClient *> it(transferSpeeds);
         it.toBack();
         while (it.hasPrevious()) {
             PeerWireClient *client = it.previous().value();
             bool interested = (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::PeerIsInterested);

             if (maxUploaders) {
                 allClients.removeAll(client);
                 if (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokingPeer)
                     client->unchokePeer();
                 --maxUploaders;
                 continue;
             }

             if ((client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokingPeer) == 0) {
                 if ((qrand() % 10) == 0)
                     client->abort();
                 else
                     client->chokePeer();
                 allClients.removeAll(client);
             }
             if (!interested)
                 allClients.removeAll(client);
         }

         // Only interested peers are left in allClients. Unchoke one
         // random peer to allow it to compete for a position among the
         // downloaders.  (This is known as an "optimistic unchoke".)
         if (!allClients.isEmpty()) {
             PeerWireClient *client = allClients[qrand() % allClients.size()];
             if (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokingPeer)
                 client->unchokePeer();
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::scheduleDownloads()
     {
         d->schedulerCalled = false;

         if (d->state == Stopping || d->state == Paused || d->state == Idle)
             return;

         // Check what each client is doing, and assign payloads to those
         // who are either idle or done.
         foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections)
             schedulePieceForClient(client);
     }

     void TorrentClient::schedulePieceForClient(PeerWireClient *client)
     {
         // Only schedule connected clients.
         if (client->state() != QTcpSocket::ConnectedState)
             return;

         // The peer has choked us; try again later.
         if (client->peerWireState() & PeerWireClient::ChokedByPeer)
             return;

         // Make a list of all the client's pending pieces, and count how
         // many blocks have been requested.
         QList<int> currentPieces;
         bool somePiecesAreNotInProgress = false;
         TorrentPiece *lastPendingPiece = 0;
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.find(client);
         while (it != d->payloads.end() && it.key() == client) {
             lastPendingPiece = it.value();
             if (lastPendingPiece->inProgress) {
                 currentPieces << lastPendingPiece->index;
             } else {
                 somePiecesAreNotInProgress = true;
             }
             ++it;
         }

         // Skip clients that already have too many blocks in progress.
         if (client->incomingBlocks().size() >= ((d->state == Endgame || d->state == WarmingUp)
                                                 ? MaxBlocksInMultiMode : MaxBlocksInProgress))
             return;

         // If all pieces are in progress, but we haven't filled up our
         // block requesting quota, then we need to schedule another piece.
         if (!somePiecesAreNotInProgress || client->incomingBlocks().size() > 0)
             lastPendingPiece = 0;
         TorrentPiece *piece = lastPendingPiece;

         // In warmup state, all clients request blocks from the same pieces.
         if (d->state == WarmingUp && d->pendingPieces.size() >= 4) {
             piece = d->payloads.value(client);
             if (!piece) {
                 QList<TorrentPiece *> values = d->pendingPieces.values();
                 piece = values.value(qrand() % values.size());
                 piece->inProgress = true;
                 d->payloads.insert(client, piece);
             }
             if (piece->completedBlocks.count(false) == client->incomingBlocks().size())
                 return;
         }

         // If no pieces are currently in progress, schedule a new one.
         if (!piece) {
             // Build up a list of what pieces that we have not completed
             // are available to this client.
             QBitArray incompletePiecesAvailableToClient = d->incompletePieces;

             // Remove all pieces that are marked as being in progress
             // already (i.e., pieces that this or other clients are
             // already waiting for). A special rule applies to warmup and
             // endgame mode; there, we allow several clients to request
             // the same piece. In endgame mode, this only applies to
             // clients that are currently uploading (more than 1.0KB/s).
             if ((d->state == Endgame && client->uploadSpeed() < 1024) || d->state != WarmingUp) {
                 QMap<int, TorrentPiece *>::ConstIterator it = d->pendingPieces.constBegin();
                 while (it != d->pendingPieces.constEnd()) {
                     if (it.value()->inProgress)
                         incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.clearBit(it.key());
                     ++it;
                 }
             }

             // Remove all pieces that the client cannot download.
             incompletePiecesAvailableToClient &= client->availablePieces();

             // Remove all pieces that this client has already requested.
             foreach (int i, currentPieces)
                 incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.clearBit(i);

             // Only continue if more pieces can be scheduled. If no pieces
             // are available and no blocks are in progress, just leave
             // the connection idle; it might become interesting later.
             if (incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.count(true) == 0)
                 return;

             // Check if any of the partially completed pieces can be
             // recovered, and if so, pick a random one of them.
             QList<TorrentPiece *> partialPieces;
             QMap<int, TorrentPiece *>::ConstIterator it = d->pendingPieces.constBegin();
             while (it != d->pendingPieces.constEnd()) {
                 TorrentPiece *tmp = it.value();
                 if (incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.testBit(it.key())) {
                     if (!tmp->inProgress || d->state == WarmingUp || d->state == Endgame) {
                         partialPieces << tmp;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 ++it;
             }
             if (!partialPieces.isEmpty())
                 piece = partialPieces.value(qrand() % partialPieces.size());

             if (!piece) {
                 // Pick a random piece 3 out of 4 times; otherwise, pick either
                 // one of the most common or the least common pieces available,
                 // depending on the state we're in.
                 int pieceIndex = 0;
                 if (d->state == WarmingUp || (qrand() & 4) == 0) {
                     int *occurrances = new int[d->pieceCount];
                     memset(occurrances, 0, d->pieceCount * sizeof(int));

                     // Count how many of each piece are available.
                     foreach (PeerWireClient *peer, d->connections) {
                         QBitArray peerPieces = peer->availablePieces();
                         int peerPiecesSize = peerPieces.size();
                         for (int i = 0; i < peerPiecesSize; ++i) {
                             if (peerPieces.testBit(i))
                                 ++occurrances[i];
                         }
                     }

                     // Find the rarest or most common pieces.
                     int numOccurrances = d->state == WarmingUp ? 0 : 99999;
                     QList<int> piecesReadyForDownload;
                     for (int i = 0; i < d->pieceCount; ++i) {
                         if (d->state == WarmingUp) {
                             // Add common pieces
                             if (occurrances[i] >= numOccurrances
                                 && incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.testBit(i)) {
                                 if (occurrances[i] > numOccurrances)
                                     piecesReadyForDownload.clear();
                                 piecesReadyForDownload.append(i);
                                 numOccurrances = occurrances[i];
                             }
                         } else {
                             // Add rare pieces
                             if (occurrances[i] <= numOccurrances
                                 && incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.testBit(i)) {
                                 if (occurrances[i] < numOccurrances)
                                     piecesReadyForDownload.clear();
                                 piecesReadyForDownload.append(i);
                                 numOccurrances = occurrances[i];
                             }
                         }
                     }

                     // Select one piece randomly
                     pieceIndex = piecesReadyForDownload.at(qrand() % piecesReadyForDownload.size());
                     delete [] occurrances;
                 } else {
                     // Make up a list of available piece indices, and pick
                     // a random one.
                     QList<int> values;
                     int incompletePiecesAvailableToClientSize = incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.size();
                     for (int i = 0; i < incompletePiecesAvailableToClientSize; ++i) {
                         if (incompletePiecesAvailableToClient.testBit(i))
                             values << i;
                     }
                     pieceIndex = values.at(qrand() % values.size());
                 }

                 // Create a new TorrentPiece and fill in all initial
                 // properties.
                 piece = new TorrentPiece;
                 piece->index = pieceIndex;
                 piece->length = d->fileManager.pieceLengthAt(pieceIndex);
                 int numBlocks = piece->length / BlockSize;
                 if (piece->length % BlockSize)
                     ++numBlocks;
                 piece->completedBlocks.resize(numBlocks);
                 piece->requestedBlocks.resize(numBlocks);
                 d->pendingPieces.insert(pieceIndex, piece);
             }

             piece->inProgress = true;
             d->payloads.insert(client, piece);
         }

         // Request more blocks from all pending pieces.
         requestMore(client);
     }

     void TorrentClient::requestMore(PeerWireClient *client)
     {
         // Make a list of all pieces this client is currently waiting for,
         // and count the number of blocks in progress.
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.find(client);
         int numBlocksInProgress = client->incomingBlocks().size();
         QList<TorrentPiece *> piecesInProgress;
         while (it != d->payloads.end() && it.key() == client) {
             TorrentPiece *piece = it.value();
             if (piece->inProgress || (d->state == WarmingUp || d->state == Endgame))
                 piecesInProgress << piece;
             ++it;
         }

         // If no pieces are in progress, call the scheduler.
         if (piecesInProgress.isEmpty() && d->incompletePieces.count(true)) {
             d->callScheduler();
             return;
         }

         // If too many pieces are in progress, there's nothing to do.
         int maxInProgress = ((d->state == Endgame || d->state == WarmingUp)
                              ? MaxBlocksInMultiMode : MaxBlocksInProgress);
         if (numBlocksInProgress == maxInProgress)
             return;

         // Starting with the first piece that we're waiting for, request
         // blocks until the quota is filled up.
         foreach (TorrentPiece *piece, piecesInProgress) {
             numBlocksInProgress += requestBlocks(client, piece, maxInProgress - numBlocksInProgress);
             if (numBlocksInProgress == maxInProgress)
                 break;
         }

         // If we still didn't fill up the quota, we need to schedule more
         // pieces.
         if (numBlocksInProgress < maxInProgress && d->state != WarmingUp)
             d->callScheduler();
     }

     int TorrentClient::requestBlocks(PeerWireClient *client, TorrentPiece *piece, int maxBlocks)
     {
         // Generate the list of incomplete blocks for this piece.
         QVector<int> bits;
         int completedBlocksSize = piece->completedBlocks.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < completedBlocksSize; ++i) {
             if (!piece->completedBlocks.testBit(i) && !piece->requestedBlocks.testBit(i))
                 bits << i;
         }

         // Nothing more to request.
         if (bits.size() == 0) {
             if (d->state != WarmingUp && d->state != Endgame)
                 return 0;
             bits.clear();
             for (int i = 0; i < completedBlocksSize; ++i) {
                 if (!piece->completedBlocks.testBit(i))
                     bits << i;
             }
         }

         if (d->state == WarmingUp || d->state == Endgame) {
             // By randomizing the list of blocks to request, we
             // significantly speed up the warmup and endgame modes, where
             // the same blocks are requested from multiple peers. The
             // speedup comes from an increased chance of receiving
             // different blocks from the different peers.
             for (int i = 0; i < bits.size(); ++i) {
                 int a = qrand() % bits.size();
                 int b = qrand() % bits.size();
                 int tmp = bits[a];
                 bits[a] = bits[b];
                 bits[b] = tmp;
             }
         }

         // Request no more blocks than we've been asked to.
         int blocksToRequest = qMin(maxBlocks, bits.size());

         // Calculate the offset and size of each block, and send requests.
         for (int i = 0; i < blocksToRequest; ++i) {
             int blockSize = BlockSize;
             if ((piece->length % BlockSize) && bits.at(i) == completedBlocksSize - 1)
                 blockSize = piece->length % BlockSize;
             client->requestBlock(piece->index, bits.at(i) * BlockSize, blockSize);
             piece->requestedBlocks.setBit(bits.at(i));
         }

         return blocksToRequest;
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerChoked()
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());
         if (!client)
             return;

         // When the peer chokes us, we immediately forget about all blocks
         // we've requested from it. We also remove the piece from out
         // payload, making it available to other clients.
         QMultiMap<PeerWireClient *, TorrentPiece *>::Iterator it = d->payloads.find(client);
         while (it != d->payloads.end() && it.key() == client) {
             it.value()->inProgress = false;
             it.value()->requestedBlocks.fill(false);
             it = d->payloads.erase(it);
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::peerUnchoked()
     {
         PeerWireClient *client = qobject_cast<PeerWireClient *>(sender());
         if (!client)
             return;

         // We got unchoked, which means we can request more blocks.
         if (d->state != Seeding)
             d->callScheduler();
     }

     void TorrentClient::addToPeerList(const QList<TorrentPeer> &peerList)
     {
         // Add peers we don't already know of to our list of peers.
         QList<QHostAddress> addresses =  QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
         foreach (TorrentPeer peer, peerList) {
             if (addresses.contains(peer.address)
                 && peer.port == TorrentServer::instance()->serverPort()) {
                 // Skip our own server.
                 continue;
             }

             bool known = false;
             foreach (TorrentPeer *knownPeer, d->peers) {
                 if (knownPeer->port == peer.port
                     && knownPeer->address == peer.address) {
                     known = true;
                     break;
                 }
             }
             if (!known) {
                 TorrentPeer *newPeer = new TorrentPeer;
                 *newPeer = peer;
                 newPeer->interesting = true;
                 newPeer->seed = false;
                 newPeer->lastVisited = 0;
                 newPeer->connectStart = 0;
                 newPeer->connectTime = 999999;
                 newPeer->pieces.resize(d->pieceCount);
                 newPeer->numCompletedPieces = 0;
                 d->peers << newPeer;
             }
         }

         // If we've got more peers than we can connect to, we remove some
         // of the peers that have no (or low) activity.
         int maxPeers = ConnectionManager::instance()->maxConnections() * 3;
         if (d->peers.size() > maxPeers) {
             // Find what peers are currently connected & active
             QSet<TorrentPeer *> activePeers;
             foreach (TorrentPeer *peer, d->peers) {
                 foreach (PeerWireClient *client, d->connections) {
                     if (client->peer() == peer && (client->downloadSpeed() + client->uploadSpeed()) > 1024)
                         activePeers << peer;
                 }
             }

             // Remove inactive peers from the peer list until we're below
             // the max connections count.
             QList<int> toRemove;
             for (int i = 0; i < d->peers.size() && (d->peers.size() - toRemove.size()) > maxPeers; ++i) {
                 if (!activePeers.contains(d->peers.at(i)))
                     toRemove << i;
             }
             QListIterator<int> toRemoveIterator(toRemove);
             toRemoveIterator.toBack();
             while (toRemoveIterator.hasPrevious())
                 d->peers.removeAt(toRemoveIterator.previous());

             // If we still have too many peers, remove the oldest ones.
             while (d->peers.size() > maxPeers)
                 d->peers.takeFirst();
         }

         if (d->state != Paused && d->state != Stopping && d->state != Idle) {
             if (d->state == Searching || d->state == WarmingUp)
                 connectToPeers();
             else
                 d->callPeerConnector();
         }
     }

     void TorrentClient::trackerStopped()
     {
         d->setState(Idle);
         emit stopped();
     }

     void TorrentClient::updateProgress(int progress)
     {
         if (progress == -1 && d->pieceCount > 0) {
             int newProgress = (d->completedPieces.count(true) * 100) / d->pieceCount;
             if (d->lastProgressValue != newProgress) {
                 d->lastProgressValue = newProgress;
                 emit progressUpdated(newProgress);
             }
         } else if (d->lastProgressValue != progress) {
             d->lastProgressValue = progress;
             emit progressUpdated(progress);
         }
     }