=for rcs $Id: Widget.pod,v 1.13 2003/08/28 08:50:47 dk Exp $

=head1 NAME

Prima::Widget - window management

=head1 DESCRIPTION 

Prima::Widget is a descendant of Prima::Component,
a class, especially crafted to reflect and govern
properties of a system-dependent window, such as its
position, hierarchy, outlook etc. Prima::Widget 
is mapped into the screen space as a rectangular area,
with distinct boundaries, pointer and sometimes
cursor, and a user-selectable input focus.

=head1 USAGE

Prima::Widget class and its descendants are
used widely throughout the toolkit, and, indeed
provide almost all its user interaction and input-output. 
The notification system, explained
in L<Prima::Object>, is employed in Prima::Widget
heavily, providing the programmer with unified
access to the system-generated events, that occur
when the user moves windows, clicks the mouse,
types the keyboard, etc. Descendants of Prima::Widget
use the internal, the direct method of overriding the notifications,
whereas end programs tend to use the toolkit widgets
equipped with anonymous subroutines ( see L<Prima::Object>
for the details). 

The class functionality is much more extensive
comparing to the other built-in classes, and therefore
the explanations are grouped in several topics. 

=head1 Creation and destruction

The widget creation syntax is the same as for the other Prima objects:

   Prima::Widget-> create(
      name => 'Widget',
      size => [ 20, 10],
      onMouseClick => sub { print "click\n"; },
      owner => $owner,
   );

In the real life, a widget must be almost always
explicitly told about its owner. The owner object 
is either a Prima::Widget descendant, in which case
the widget is drawn inside its inferior, or the
application object, and in the latter case a widget
becomes top-level. This is the reason why the C<insert>
syntax is much more often used, as it is more illustrative
and is more convenient for creating several widgets
in one call ( see L<Prima::Object> ).


   $owner-> insert( 'Prima::Widget',
      name => 'Widget',
      size => [ 20, 10],
      onMouseClick => sub { print "click\n"; },
   );

These two examples produce identical results.

As a descendant of Prima::Component, Prima::Widget
sends C<Create> notification when created ( more precisely,
after its init stage is finished. See L<Prima::Object> for
details). This notification is called and processed within
C<create()> call. In addition, another notification C<Setup>
is sent after the widget is created. This message is
I<posted>, so it is called within C<create()> but processed
in the application event loop. This means that the execution
time of C<Setup> is uncertain, as it is with all posted messages; its delivery time
is system-dependent, so its use must be considered with care.

After a widget is created, it is usually asked to render its content,
provided that the widget is visible. This request is delivered by 
means of C<Paint> notification.

When the life time of a widget is over, its method C<destroy()> is called,
often implicitly. If a widget gets destroyed because its owner also
does, it is guaranteed that the children widgets will be destroyed first,
and the owner afterwards. In such situation, widget can operate with 
a limited functionality both on itself and its owners ( see 
L<Prima::Object>, B<Creation> section ). 

=head1 Graphic content

A widget can use two different ways for representing its
graphic content to the user. The first method is 
event-driven, when the C<Paint> notification arrives, 
notifying the widget that it must re-paint itself.
The second is the 'direct' method, when the widget generates
graphic output unconditionally.

=head2 Event-driven rendering

A notification responsible for widget repainting is C<Paint>.
It provides a single ( besides the widget itself )
parameter, an object, where the drawing is performed. In an
event-driven call, it is always equals to the widget. However, if
a custom mechanism should be used that directly calls, for example,

   $widget-> notify('Paint', $some_other_widget);

for whatever purpose, it is recommended ( not required, though ),
to use this parameter, not the widget itself for painting and drawing
calls.

The example of C<Paint> callback is quite simple:

   Prima::Widget-> create(
       ...
       onPaint => sub {
          my ( $self, $canvas) = @_;
          $canvas-> clear;
          $canvas-> text_out("Clicked $self->{clicked} times", 10, 10);
       },
       onMouseClick => sub {
          $_[0]-> {clicked}++;
          $_[0]-> repaint;
       }, 
   );

The example uses several important features 
of the event-driven mechanism. First, no C<begin_paint()>/C<end_paint()>
brackets are used within the callback. These are called implicitly.
Second, when the custom refresh of the widget's graphic content is needed, 
no code like C<notify(q(Paint))> is used - C<repaint()> method is used instead. 
It must be noted, that the actual execution of C<Paint> callbacks 
might or might not occur inside the C<repaint()> call. This behavior is governed by
the C<::syncPaint> property.
C<repaint()> marks the whole widget's area to be refreshed, or I<invalidates>
the area. For the finer gradation of the area that should be repainted,
C<invalidate_rect()> and C<validate_rect()> pair of functions is used. Thus,

  $x-> repaint()

code is a mere alias to 

  $x-> invalidate_rect( 0, 0, $x-> size);

call. It must be realized, that the area, passed to C<invalidate_rect()>
only in its ideal ( but a quite often ) execution case will be pertained as a 
clipping rectangle when a widget executes its C<Paint> notification.
The user and system interactions can result in exposition of other
parts of a widget ( like, moving windows over a widget ), and the
resulting clipping rectangle can be different from the one that was
passed to C<invalidate_rect()>. Moreover, the clipping rectangle can become
empty as the result of these influences, and the notification will not
be called at all. 

Invalid rectangle is presented differently inside and outside
the drawing mode. The first, returned by C<::clipRect>, employs
inclusive-inclusive coordinates, whereas C<invalidate_rect()>, C<validate_rect()>
and C<get_invalid_rect()> - inclusive-exclusive coordinates. The ideal case
exemplifies the above said:

   $x-> onPaint( sub { 
      my @c = $_[0]-> clipRect; 
      print "clip rect:@c\n"; 
   });
   $x-> invalidate_rect( 10, 10, 20, 20);
   ...
   clip rect: 10 10 19 19

As noted above, C<::clipRect> property is set to
the clipping rectangle of the widget area that is needed to be refreshed,
and an event handler code can take advantage of this information,
increasing the efficiency of the painting procedure. 

Further assignments of C<::clipRect> property do not
make possible over-painting on the screen area that lies outside
the original clipping region. This is also valid for all paint
operations, however since the original clipping rectangle is
the full area of a canvas, this rule is implicit and unnecessary, because
whatever large the clipping rectangle is, drawing and painting
cannot be performed outside the physical boundaries of the canvas.

=head2 Direct rendering

The direct rendering, contrary to the event-driven,
is initiated by the program, not by the system. If a programmer
wishes to paint over a widget immediately, then 
C<begin_paint()> is called, and, if successful, the part 
of the screen occupied by the widget is accessible to the drawing
and painting routines.

This method is useful, for example, for graphic demonstration 
programs, that draw continuously without any input.
Another field is the screen drawing, which is performed
with Prima::Application class, that does not have C<Paint>
notification. Application's graphic canvas represents the whole screen,
allowing over-drawing the graphic content of other programs.

The event-driven rendering method adds 
implicit C<begin_paint()>/C<end_paint()> brackets ( plus some 
system-dependent actions ) and is a convenience
version of the direct rendering. Sometimes, however, the 
changes needed to be made to a widget's graphic context are
so insignificant, so the direct rendering method is preferable, 
because of the cleaner and terser code. As an example might serve
a simple progress bar, that draws a simple colored bar.
The event-driven code would be 
( in short, omitting many details ) as such:

   $bar = Widget-> create(
     width => 100,
     onPaint => sub {
        my ( $self, $canvas) = @_;
        $canvas-> color( cl::Blue);
        $canvas-> bar( 0, 0, $self-> {progress}, $self-> height);
        $canvas-> color( cl::Back);
        $canvas-> bar( $self-> {progress}, 0, $self-> size);
     },
   );
   ...
   $bar-> {progress} += 10;
   $bar-> repaint;
   # or, more efficiently, ( but clumsier )
   # $bar-> invalidate_rect( $bar->{progress}-10, 0, 
   #                 $bar->{progress}, $bar-> height);

And the direct driven:

   $bar = Widget-> create( width => 100 );
   ...
   $bar-> begin_paint;
   $bar-> color( cl::Blue);
   $bar-> bar( $progress, 0, $progress + 10, $bar-> height);
   $bar-> end_paint;
   $progress += 10;

The pros and contras are obvious: the event-driven rendered widget
correctly represents the status after an eventual repaint,
for example when the user sweeps a window over the progress bar
widget. The direct method cannot be that smart, but if the
status bar is an insignificant part of the program, the trade-off
of the functionality in favor to the code simplicity might be preferred.

Both methods can be effectively disabled using the paint locking
mechanism. The C<lock()> and C<unlock()> methods can be called several times,
stacking the requests. This feature is useful because many
properties implicitly call C<repaint()>, and if several of these properties
activate in a row, the unnecessary redrawing of the widget can be avoided.
The drawback is that the last C<unlock()> call triggers C<repaint()> unconditionally.

=head1 Geometry

=head2 Basic properties

A widget always has its position and size determined, even if
it is not visible on the screen. Prima::Widget provides several
properties with overlapping functionality, that govern the geometry 
of a widget. The base properties are C<::origin> and C<::size>,
and the derived are C<::left>, C<::bottom>, C<::right>, C<::top>,
C<::width>, C<::height> and C<::rect>. C<::origin> and C<::size>
operate with two integers, C<::rect> with four, others with one
integer value.

As the Prima toolkit coordinate space begins in the lower bottom
corner, the combination of C<::left> and C<::bottom> is same
as C<::origin>, and combination of C<::left>, C<::bottom>, C<::right> and
C<::top> - same as C<::rect>.

When a widget is moved or resized, correspondingly two notifications
occur: C<Move> and C<Size>. The parameters to both are old and new
position and size. The notifications occur irrespectable to whether the
geometry change was issued by the program itself or by the user.

=head2 Implicit size regulations

Concerning the size of a widget, two additional two-integer 
properties exist, C<::sizeMin> and C<::sizeMax>, that constrain the
extension of a widget in their boundaries. The direct call that
assigns values to the size properties that lie outside 
C<::sizeMin> and C<::sizeMax> boundaries, will fail - the widget 
extension will be adjusted to the boundary values, not to the
specified ones.

Change to widget's position and size can occur not only by an explicit
call to one of the geometry properties. The toolkit contains 
implicit rules, that can move and resize a widget corresponding to
the flags, given to the C<::growMode> property. The exact meaning 
of the C<gm::XXX> flags is not given here ( see description to 
C<::growMode> in API section ), but in short, it is possible with 
simple means to maintain widget's size and position regarding its
owner, when the latter is resized. By default, and the default behavior
corresponds to C<::growMode> 0, widget does not change neither its size
nor position when its owner is resized. It stays always in 'the left
bottom corner'. When, for example, a widget is expected to stay
in 'the right bottom corner', or 'the left top corner', the
C<gm::GrowLoX> and C<gm::GrowLoY> values must be used, correspondingly. 
When a widget is expected to cover, for example, its owner's 
lower part and change its width in accord with the owner's, 
( a horizontal scroll bar in an editor window is the example),
the C<gm::GrowHiX> value must be used.

When this implicit size change does occur, the C<::sizeMin> 
and C<::sizeMax> do take their part as well - they still do not allow
the widget's size excess their boundaries. However, this 
algorithm derives a problem, that is illustrated by the following 
setup. Imagine a widget with size-dependent C<::growMode> ( with
C<gm::GrowHiX> or C<gm::GrowHiY> bits set ) that must maintain certain relation between
the owner's size and its own. If the implicit size change would
be dependent on the actual widget size, derived as a result from the previous
implicit size action, then its size (and probably position) will be incorrect
after an attempt is made to change the widget's size to values outside
the size boundaries. 

Example: child widget has width 100, growMode set to C<gm::GrowHiX>
and sizeMin set to (95, 95). Its owner has width 200. 
If the owner widget changes gradually its width from 200 to 190
and then back, the following width table emerges:

                    Owner        Child  
  Initial state      200           100
  Shrink             195   -5       95
  Shrink             190   -5       95 - as it can not be less than 95.
  Grow               195   +5      100
  Grow               200   +5      105

That effect would exist if the differential-size algorithm would
be implemented, - the owner changes width by 5, and the child does the same.
The situation is fixed by introducing the I<virtual size> term.
The C<::size> property is derived from virtual size, and as
C<::size> cannot exceed the size boundaries, virtual size can.
It can even accept the negative values. With this intermediate stage
added, the correct picture occurs:

                    Owner        Child's       Child's
                                 virtual width  width
  Initial state      200           100           100     
  Shrink             195   -5       95            95
  Shrink             190   -5       90            95
  Grow               195   +5       95            95
  Grow               200   +5      100           100
 

Strictly speaking, the I<virtual size> must be declared a read-only property,
but currently it is implemented as a C<get_virtual_size()> function,
and it is planned to fix this discrepancy between the document
and the implementation in favor of the property syntax.

=head2 Geometry managers

The concept of geometry managers is imported from Tk, which in turn
is a port of Tcl-Tk. The idea behind it is that a widget size and
position is governed by one of the managers, which operate depending 
on the specific options given to the widget. The selection is operated
by C<::geometry> property, and is one of C<gt::XXX> constants. The native
( and the default ) geometry manager is the described above grow-mode 
algorithm ( C<gt::GrowMode> ). The currently implemented Tk managers are
packer ( C<gt::Pack> ) and placer ( C<gt::Place>). Each has its own set of
options and methods, and their manuals are provided separately in
L<Prima::Widget::pack> and L<Prima::Widget::place> ( the manpages are also imported from Tk ).

Another concept that comes along with geometry managers is the 'geometry request size'.
It is realized as a two-integer property C<::geomSize>, which reflects the size
selected by some intrinsic widget knowledge, and the idea is that C<::geomSize> it
is merely a request to a geometry manager, whereas the latter changes C<::size> 
accordingly. For example, a button might set its 'intrinsic' width in accord with
the width of text string displayed in it. If the default width for such a button is not overridden,
it is assigned with such a width. By default, under C<gt::GrowMode> geometry manager,
setting C<::geomSize> ( and its two semi-alias properties C<::geomWidth> and C<::geomHeight> ) 
also changes the actual widget size.Moreover, when the size is passed to the Widget 
initialization code, C<::size> properties are used to initialize C<::geomSize>. Such design
minimizes the confusion between the two properties, and also minimizes the direct usage
of C<::geomSize>, limiting it for selecting advisory size in widget internal code.

The geometry request size is useless under C<gt::GrowMode> geometry 
manager, but Tk managers use it extensively. 

=head2 Relative coordinates

Another geometry issue, or rather a programming technique
must be mentioned - the I<relative coordinates>. It is
the well-known problem, when a dialog window, developed
with one font looks garbled on another system with another 
font. The relative coordinates solve the problem; the solution
provides the C<::designScale> two-integer property, the
width and height of the font, that was used when the dialog
window was designed. With this property supplied, the position
and size supplied when a widget is actually created, are transformed in
proportion between the designed and the actual font metrics.

The relative coordinates can be used only when passing the
geometry properties values, and only before the creation stage,
before a widget is created, because the scaling calculations 
perform in Prima::Widget::C<profile_check_in()> method.

In order to employ the relative coordinates scheme, the owner
( or the I<dialog> ) widget must set its C<::designScale>
to the font metrics and C<::scaleChildren> property to 1.
Widgets, created with owner that meets these requirements,
participate in the relative coordinates scheme. If
a widget must be excluded from the relative geometry applications,
either the owner's property C<::scaleChildren> must be set to 0,
or the widget's C<::designScale> must be set to C<undef>.
As the default C<::designScale> value is C<undef>, no default implicit
relative geometry schemes are applied.

The C<::designScale> property is auto-inherited;
its value is copied to the children widgets, unless
the explicit C<::designScale> was given during the widget's
creation. This is used when such a child widget serves as an owner
for some other grand-children widgets; the inheritance scheme 
allows the grand- ( grand- etc ) children to participate in
the relative geometry scheme.

Note: it is advised to test such applications with the Prima::Stress
module, which assigns a random font as the default, so the testing
phase does not involve tweaking of the system settings.

=head1 Z-order 

In case when two widgets overlap, one of these is drawn
in full, whereas the another only partly. Prima::Widget
provides management of the I<Z-axis> ordering, but since
Z-ordering paradigm can hardly be fit into the 
properties scheme, the toolkit uses methods instead.

A widget can use four query methods: C<first()>, C<last()>, C<next()>, 
and C<prev()>. These return, correspondingly, the first and the last
widgets in Z-order stack, and the direct neighbors of a widget
( $widget-> next-> prev always equals to the $widget itself, given
that $widget-> next exists ).

The last widget is the topmost one, the one that is drawn fully.
The first is the most obscured one, given that all the widgets
overlap.

Z-order can also be changed at runtime ( but not during widget's 
creation). There are three methods: C<bring_to_front()>, that sets the
widget last in the order, making it topmost, C<send_to_back()>, that
does the reverse, and C<insert_behind()>, that sets a widget behind
the another widget, passed as an argument.

Changes to Z-order trigger C<ZOrderChanged> notification.

=head1 Parent-child relationship

By default, if a widget is a child to a widget
or window, it maintains two features: it is clipped by its
owner's boundaries and is moved together as the owner widget moves.
It is said also that a I<child> is inferior to its I<parent>. However,
a widget without a parent still does have a valid owner.
Instead of implementing I<parent> property, the C<::clipOwner>
property was devised. It is 1 by default, and if it is 1, then
owner of a widget is its parent, at the same time. However, when it is 0, many 
things change. The widget is neither clipped nor moved together
with its parent. The widget become parentless, or, more strictly
speaking, the screen becomes its parent. Moreover, 
the widget's origin offset is calculated then not from the owner's 
coordinates but from the screen, and mouse events in the 
widget do not transgress implicitly to the owner's top-level window
eventual decorations.

The same results are produced if a widget is inserted in 
the application object, which does not have screen visualization.
A widget that belongs to the application object, can not reset its C<::clipOwner>
value to 1.

The C<::clipOwner> property opens a possibility for the toolkit widgets
to live inside other programs' windows. If the C<::parentHandle> is
changed from its default C<undef> value to a valid system window handle, 
the widget becomes child to this window, which can belong to any application
residing on the same display. This option is dangerous, however:
normally widgets never get destroyed by no reason. A top-level window
is never destroyed before its C<Close> notification grants the destruction.
The case with C<::parentHandle> is special, because a widget, inserted into an alien application,
must be prepared to be destroyed at any moment. It is recommended to
use prior knowledge about such the application, and, even better, use
one or another inter-process communication scheme to interact with it.

A widget does not need to undertake anything special to become an 'owner'.
Any widget, that was set in C<::owner> property on any other widget,
becomes owner automatically. Its C<get_widgets()> method returns non-empty
widget list. C<get_widgets()> serves same purpose as Prima::Component::C<get_components()>,
but returns only Prima::Widget descendants.

A widget can change its owner at any moment. The C<::owner> property is both
readable and writable, and if a widget is visible during the owner change, it
is immediately appeared under different coordinates and different 
clipping condition after the property change, given that 
its C<::clipOwner> is set to 1.

=head1 Visibility

A widget is visible by default. Visible means that
it is shown on the screen if it is not shadowed by
other widgets or windows. The visibility
is governed by the C<::visible> property, and its
two convenience aliases, C<show()> and C<hide()>.

When a widget is invisible, its geometry is not discarded;
the widget pertains its position and size, and is subject to
all previously discussed implicit sizing issues. When change
to C<::visible> property is made, the screen is not updated 
immediately, but in the next event loop invocation, because uncovering of
the underlying area of a hidden widget, and repainting of a new-shown widget
both depend onto the event-driven rendering functionality. If the graphic
content must be updated, C<update_view()> must be called, but
there's a problem. It is obvious that if a widget is shown,
the only content to be updated is its own. When a widget
becomes hidden, it may uncover more than one widget, depending on 
the geometry, so it is unclear what widgets must be updated.
For the practical reasons, it is enough to get one event loop
passed, by calling C<yield()> method of the C<$::application> object. 
The other notifications may pass here as well, however.

There are other kinds of visibility. A widget might be visible,
but one of its owners might not. Or, a widget and its owners
might be visible, but they might be over-shadowed by the other
windows. These conditions are returned by C<showing()> and C<exposed()>
functions. These return boolean values corresponding to the 
condition described. So, if a widget is 'exposed', it is
'showing' and 'visible'; C<exposed()> returns always 0 if a widget
is either not 'showing' or not 'visible'. If a widget is 'showing',
then it is always 'visible'. C<showing()> returns always 0 if a widget is
invisible.

Visibility changes trigger C<Hide> and C<Show> notifications.

=head1 Focus

One of the key points of any GUI is that only one window at a time
can possess a I<focus>. The widget is I<focused>, if the user's keyboard
input is directed to it. The toolkit adds another layer in the focusing
scheme, as often window managers do, highlighting the decorations of
a top-level window over a window with the input focus.

Prima::Widget property C<::focused> governs the focused state of a
widget. It is sometimes too powerful to be used. Its more often
substitutes, C<::selected> and C<::current> properties provide
more respect to widget hierarchy. 

C<::selected> property sets focus to a widget if it
is allowed to be focused, by the usage
of the C<::selectable> property. With this granted, the focus
is passed to the widget or to the one of its ( grand-) children.
So to say, when 'selecting' a window with a text field by clicking
on a window, one does not expect the window to be focused, but the text
field. To achieve this goal and reduce unnecessary coding, the 
C<::current> property is introduced. With all equal conditions,
a widget that is 'current' gets precedence in getting selected
over widgets that are not 'current'.

De-selecting, in its turn, leaves the system in such a state when no window
has input focus. There are two convenience shortcuts
C<select()> and C<deselect()> defined, aliased to selected(1) and selected(0),
correspondingly.

As within the GUI space, there can be only one 'focused' widget,
so within the single widget space, there can be only one 'current' widget.
A widget can be marked as a current by calling C<::current> 
( or, identically, C<::currentWidget> on the owner widget ).
The reassignments are performed automatically when a widget is focused.
The reverse is also true: if a widget
is explicitly marked as 'current', and belongs to the widget tree with the
focus in one of its widgets, then the focus passed to the 'current' widget,
or down to hierarchy if it is not selectable.

These relations between current widget pointer and focus allow the toolkit
easily implement the focusing hierarchy. The focused widget is
always on the top of the chain of its owner widgets, each of
whose is a 'current' widget. If, for example, a window that 
contains a widget that contains a focused button,
become un-focused, and then user selects the window again,
then the button will become focused automatically.

Changes to focus produce C<Enter> and C<Leave> notifications.

Below discussed mouse- and keyboard- driven focusing schemes.
Note that all of these work via C<::selected>, and do not 
focus the widgets with C<::selectable> property set to 0.

=head2 Mouse-aided focusing

Typically, when the user clicks the left mouse button 
on a widget, the latter becomes focused.
One can note that not all widgets become focused after
the mouse click - scroll bars are the examples. Another kind
of behavior is the described above window with the text field -
clicking mouse on a window focuses a text field.

Prima::Widget has the C<::selectingButtons> property, a combination
of mb::XXX ( mouse buttons ) flags. If the bits corresponding to the 
buttons are set, then click of this button will automatically 
call C<::selected(1)> ( not C<::focused(1)> ). 

Another boolean property, C<::firstClick> determines the behavior 
when the mouse button action is up to focus a widget, but the widget's 
top-level window is not active. The default value of C<::firstClick> is 1, 
but if set otherwise, the user
must click twice to a widget to get it focused. The property 
does not influence anything if the top-level window was already active
when the click event occured.

Due to some vendor-specific GUI designs, it is hardly possibly to force selection
of one top-level window when the click was on the another.
The window manager or the OS can interfere, although this does not always
happen, and produce different results on different platforms. Since
the primary goal of the toolkit is portability, such functionality
must be considered with care.
Moreover, when the user selects a window by clicking not on the 
toolkit-created widgets, but on the top-level window decorations,
it is not possible to discern the case from any other kind of focusing.

=head2 Keyboard focusing

The native way to navigate between the toolkit widgets are 
tab- and arrow- navigation. The tab ( and its reverse, shift-tab )
key combinations circulate the focus between the widgets in same 
top-level group ( but not inside the same owner widget group ). The arrow keys,
if the focused widget is not interested in these keystrokes, move
the focus in the specified direction, if it is possible. The methods that
provide the navigations are available and called C<next_tab()> and 
C<next_positional()>, correspondingly ( see API for the details).

When C<next_positional()> operates with the geometry of the widgets,
C<next_tab()> uses the C<::tabStop> and C<::tabOrder> properties.
C<::tabStop>, the boolean property, set to 1 by default, tells
if a widget is willing to participate in tab-aided focus
circulation. If it doesn't, C<next_tab()> never uses it in its iterations.
C<::tabOrder> value is an integer, unique within the sibling widgets 
( sharing same owner ) list, and is used as simple tag when the next
tab-focus candidate is picked up. The default C<::tabOrder> value is -1,
which changes automatically after widget creation to a unique value.

=head1 User input

The toolkit responds to the two basic means of the user input - 
the keyboard and the mouse. Below described three aspects of
the input handling - the event-driven, the polling and
the simulated input issues. The event-driven
input is the more or less natural way of communicating with the user,
so when the user presses the key or moves the mouse, a system
event occurs and triggers the notification in one or more
widgets. Polling methods provide the immediate state of
the input devices; the polling is rarely employed, primarily 
because of its limited usability, and because the information
it provides is passed to the notification callbacks anyway. 
The simulated input is little more than C<notify()> call with 
specifically crafted parameters. It interacts with the system,
so the emulation can gain the higher level of similarity 
to the user actions. The simulated input functions allow
the notifications to be called right away, or I<post> it,
delaying the notification until the next event loop invocation.

=head2 Keyboard

=over

=item Event-driven

Keyboard input generates several notifications, where the most important are C<KeyDown>
and C<KeyUp>. Both have almost the same list of parameters ( see API ),
that contain the key code, its modifiers ( if any ) that were pressed and
an eventual character code. The algorithms that extract the meaning
of the key, for example, discretion between character and
functional keys etc are not described here. The reader is advised
to look at Prima::KeySelector module, which provides convenience 
functions for keyboard input values transformations, and to the
Prima::Edit and Prima::InputLine modules, the classes that
use extensively the keyboard input. But in short,
the key code is one of the C<kb::XXX> ( like, kb::F10, kb::Esc ) constants, 
and the modifier value is a combination of the C<km::XXX> ( km::Ctrl, km::Shift) 
constants. The notable exception is kb::None value, which
hints that the character code is of value. Some other C<kb::XXX>-marked keys
have the character code as well, and it is up to a programmer how to
treat these combinations. It is advised, however, to look at the key
code first, and then to the character code.

C<KeyDown> event has also the I<repeat> integer parameter, that
shows the repetitive count how many times the key was pressed.
Usually it is 1, but if a widget was not able to get its portion
of events between the key presses, its value can be higher.
If a code doesn't check for this parameter, some keyboard input
may be lost. If the code will be too much complicated by
introducing the repeat-value, one may consider setting the C<::briefKeys>
property to 0. C<::briefKeys>, the boolean property, is 1 by default.
If set to 0, it guarantees that the repeat value will always be 1,
but with the price of certain under-optimization. If the core C<KeyDown> processing
code sees repeat value greater than 1, it simply calls the notification again.

Along with these two notifications, the C<TranslateAccel> event 
is generated after C<KeyDown>, if the focused widget is not interested
in the key event. Its usage covers the needs of the other widgets
that are willing to read the user input, even being out of focus.
A notable example can be a button with a hot key, that reacts on
the key press when the focus is elsewhere within its top-level window. 
C<TranslateAccel> has same parameters as C<KeyDown>, except the REPEAT parameter.

Such out-of-focus input is also used with built-in menu keys translations.
If a descendant of Prima::AbstractMenu is in the reach of the widget tree
hierarchy, then it is checked whether it contains some hot keys that match
the user input. See L<Prima::Menu> for the details. In particular,
Prima::Widget has C<::accelTable> property, a mere slot for an object
that contains a table of hot keys mappings to custom subroutines.

=item Polling

The polling function for the keyboard is limited to the modifier
keys only. C<get_shift_state()> method returns the press state
of the modifier keys, a combination of C<km::XXX> constants.

=item Simulated input

There are two methods, corresponding to the major notifications -
C<key_up()> and C<key_down()>, that accept the same parameters as 
the C<KeyUp> and C<KeyDown> notifications do, plus the POST
boolean flag. See L<"API"> for details.

These methods are convenience wrappers for C<key_event()> 
method, which is never used directly.

=back

=head2 Mouse

=over

=item Event-driven

Mouse notifications are send in response when the user
moves the mouse, or presses and releases mouse buttons.
The notifications are logically grouped in two sets, the first contains
C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>, and C<MouseWheel>, and the second - 
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, end C<MouseLeave>.

The first set deals with button actions. Pressing, de-pressing, clicking
( and double-clicking ), the turn of mouse wheel correspond to the four
notifications. The notifications are sent together with the mouse pointer coordinates,
the button that was touched, and the eventual modifier keys that were pressed.
In addition, C<MouseClick> provides the boolean flag if the click was single or double,
and C<MouseWheel> - the Z-range of the wheel turn. These notifications occur
when the mouse event occurs within the geometrical bounds of a widget,
with one notable exception, when a widget is in I<capture> mode.
If the C<::capture> is set to 1, then these events are sent to the widget even
if the mouse pointer is outside, and not sent to the widgets and windows
that reside under the pointer. 

The second set deals with the pointer movements. When the pointer passes over
a widget, it receives first C<MouseEnter>, then series of C<MouseMove>,
and finally C<MouseLeave>. C<MouseMove> and C<MouseEnter> notifications provide
X,Y-coordinates and modificator keys; C<MouseLeave> passes no parameters.

=item Polling

The mouse input polling procedures are C<get_mouse_state()> method,
that returns combination of C<mb::XXX> constants, and the C<::pointerPos> 
two-integer property that reports the current position of the mouse pointer.

=item Simulated input

There are five methods, corresponding to the mouse events - 
C<mouse_up()>, C<mouse_down()>, C<mouse_click()>, C<mouse_wheel()> and C<mouse_move()>,
that accept the same parameters as their event counterparts do,
plus the POST boolean flag. See L<"API"> for details.

These methods are convenience wrappers for C<mouse_event()> 
method, which is never used directly.

=back

=head1 Color schemes

Prima::Drawable deals only with such color values, that
can be unambiguously decomposed to their red, green and blue components.
Prima::Widget extends the range of the values acceptable by
its color properties, introducing the color schemes. 
The color can be set indirectly, without prior knowledge
of what is its RGB value. There are several
constants defined in C<cl::> name space, that correspond to the 
default values of different color properties of a widget.

Prima::Widget revises the usage of C<::color> and C<::backColor>,
the properties inherited from Prima::Drawable. Their values
are widget's 'foreground' and 'background' colors,
in addition to their function as template values. Moreover, their dynamic change
induces the repainting of a widget, and they can be inherited
from the owner. The inheritance is governed by properties
C<::ownerColor> and C<::ownerBackColor>. While these are true,
changes to owner C<::color> or C<::backColor> copied automatically
to a widget. Once the widget's C<::color> or C<::backColor> are
explicitly set, the owner link breaks automatically by setting C<::ownerColor> or 
C<::ownerBackColor> to 0.

In addition to these two color properties, Prima::Widget 
introduces six others.
These are C<::disabledColor>, C<::disabledBackColor>,
C<::hiliteColor>, C<::hiliteBackColor>, C<::light3DColor>, and
C<::dark3DColor>.  The 'disabled' color pair contains the values
that are expected to be used as foreground and background when 
a widget is in the disabled state 
( see API, C<::enabled> property ). The 'hilite' values
serve as the colors for representation of selection inside
a widget. Selection may be of any kind, and some widgets do
not provide any. But for those that do, the 'hilite' color values
provide distinct alternative colors. Examples are selections
in the text widgets, or in the list boxes. The last pair, 
C<::light3DColor> and C<::dark3DColor> is used for drawing 
3D-looking outlines of a widget. The purpose of all these properties
is the adequate usage of the color settings, selected by the user using 
system-specific tools, so the program written with the toolkit
would look not such different, and more or less conformant to the
user's color preferences.

The additional C<cl::> constants, mentioned above, represent these 
eight color properties. These named correspondingly, cl::NormalText,
cl::Normal, cl::HiliteText, cl::Hilite, cl::DisabledText, cl::Disabled,
cl::Light3DColor and cl::Dark3DColor. cl::NormalText is alias to cl::Fore,
and cl::Normal - to cl::Back. Another constant set, C<ci::>
can be used with the C<::colorIndex>
property, a multiplexer for all eight color properties. C<ci::> constants
mimic their non-RGB C<cl::> counterparts, so the call
C<hiliteBackColor(cl::Red)> is equal to C<colorIndex(ci::Hilite, cl::Red)>.

Mapping from these constants to the RGB color representation
is used with C<map_color()> method. These C<cl::> constants alone 
are sufficient for acquiring the default values, but the toolkit provides wider
functionality than this. The C<cl::> constants can be combined with
the C<wc::> constants, that represent standard widget class.
The widget class is implicitly used when single C<cl::> constant is used;
its value is read from the C<::widgetClass> property, unless 
one of C<wc::> constants is combined with the non-RGB C<cl::> value. C<wc::>
constants are described in L<"API">; their usage can make
call of, for example, C<backColor( cl::Back)> on a button and on
an input line result in different colors, because the C<cl::Back>
is translated in the first case into C<cl::Back|wc::Button>, and
in another - C<cl::Back|wc::InputLine>.

Dynamic change of the color properties result in the
C<ColorChanged> notification. 

=head1 Fonts

Prima::Widget does not change the handling of fonts - the 
font selection inside and outside C<begin_paint()>/C<end_paint()>
is not different at all. A matter of difference is how
does Prima::Widget select the default font.

First, if the C<::ownerFont> property is set to 1, 
then font of the owner is copied to the widget, and
is maintained all the time while the property is true.
If it is not, the default font values read from the system.

The default font metrics for a widget returned by C<get_default_font()>
method, that often deals with system-dependent and user-selected
preferences ( see L<"Additional resources"> ). Because a widget can host
an eventual Prima::Popup object, it contains
C<get_default_popup_font()> method, that returns the default font
for the popup objects. The dynamic popup font settings governed,
naturally, by the C<::popupFont> property. Prima::Window extends the
functionality to C<get_default_menu_font()> and the C<::menuFont> property.

Dynamic change of the font property results in the
C<FontChanged> notification.

=head1 Additional resources

The resources, operated via Prima::Widget class but not that
strictly bound to the widget concept, are gathered in this
section. The section includes overview of pointer, cursor, 
hint, menu objects and user-specified resources.

=head2 Pointer

The mouse pointer is the shared resource, that can change its 
visual representation when it hovers over different kinds of widgets.
It is usually a good practice for a text field, for example, set the
pointer icon to a jagged vertical line, or indicate a moving window
with a cross-arrowed pointer.

A widget can select either one of the predefined system pointers,
mapped by the C<cr::XXX> constant set, or supply its own pointer icon
of an arbitrary size and color depth.

NB: Not all systems allow the colored pointer icons. System value
under sv::ColorPointer index containing a boolean value, whether the colored
icons are allowed or not.

In general, the C<::pointer> property is enough for these actions.
It discerns whether it has an icon or a constant passed, and 
sets the appropriate properties. These properties are also
accessible separately, although their usage is not encouraged, primarily
because of the tangled relationship between them. These properties are:
C<::pointerType>, C<::pointerIcon>, and C<::pointerHotSpot>. See their
details in the L<"API"> sections.

Another property, which is present only in Prima::Application name space
is called C<::pointerVisible>, and governs the visibility of the pointer -
but for all widget instances at once.

=head2 Cursor

The cursor is a blinking rectangular area, indicating the 
availability of the input focus in a widget. There can
be only one active cursor per a GUI
space, or none at all. Prima::Widget provides several
cursor properties: C<::cursorVisible>, C<::cursorPos>, and
C<::cursorSize>. There are also two methods, C<show_cursor()>
and C<hide_cursor()>, which are not the convenience shortcuts
but the functions accounting the cursor hide count. If C<hide_cursor()>
was called three times, then C<show_cursor()> must be called three times 
as well for the cursor to become visible.

=head2 Hint

C<::hint> is a text string, that usually describes the widget's purpose
to the user in a brief manner. If the mouse pointer is hovered over the
widget longer than some timeout ( see Prima::Application::hintPause ),
then a label appears with the hint text, until the pointer is drawn away.
The hint behavior is governed by Prima::Application, but a widget
can do two additional things about hint: it can enable and disable 
it by calling C<::showHint> property, and it can inherit the owner's
C<::hint> and C<::showHint> properties using C<::ownerHint>
and C<::ownerShowHint> properties. If, for example, C<::ownerHint> 
is set to 1, then C<::hint> value is automatically copied from the 
widget's owner, when it changes. If, however, the widget's C<::hint>
or C<::showHint> are explicitly set, the owner link breaks automatically by setting
C<::ownerHint> or C<::ownerShowHint> to 0.

The widget can also operate the C<::hintVisible> property,
that shows or hides the hint label immediately, if the mouse pointer
is inside the widget's boundaries.

=head2 Menu objects

The default functionality of Prima::Widget coexists with two kinds of the Prima::AbstractMenu
descendants - Prima::AccelTable and Prima::Popup ( Prima::Window
is also equipped with Prima::Menu reference). The C<::items> property of these objects
are accessible through C<::accelItems> and C<::popupItems>, whereas
the objects themselves - through C<::accelTable> and C<::popup>, 
correspondingly. As mentioned in L<"User input">, 
these objects hook the user keyboard input and call the programmer-defined 
callback subroutine if the key stroke
equals to one of their table values. As for C<::accelTable>, its 
function ends here. C<::popup> provides access to a context pop-up menu,
which can be invoked by either right-clicking or pressing a
system-dependent key combination. As a little customization,
the C<::popupColorIndex> and C<::popupFont> properties are introduced.
( C<::popupColorIndex> is multiplexed to C<::popupColor>, 
C<::popupHiliteColor>, C<::popupHiliteBackColor>, etc etc
properties exactly like the C<::colorIndex> property ).

The font and color of a menu object might not always be writable.
The underlying system capabilities in this area range
from total inability for a program to manage the menu fonts and colors 
in Win32, to a sport in interactive changing menu fonts and colors
in OS/2.

The Prima::Window class provides equivalent methods for the menu bar, introducing
C<::menu>, C<::menuItems>, C<::menuColorIndex> ( with multiplexing ) and
C<::menuFont> properties.

=head2 User-specified resources

It is considered a good idea to incorporate the user 
preferences into the toolkit look-and-feel. Prima::Widget
relies to the system-specific code that tries to map these
preferences as close as possible to the toolkit paradigm.

Unix version employs XRDB ( X resource database ), which is the
natural way for the user to tell the preferences with fine
granularity. Win32 and OS/2 read the setting that the user has to
set interactively, using system tools. Nevertheless, the toolkit
can not emulate all user settings that are available on the supported
platforms; it rather takes a 'least common denominator', which is
colors and fonts. C<fetch_resource()> method is capable of returning
any of such settings, provided it's format is font, color or a string. 
The method is rarely called directly.

The appealing idea of making every widget property adjustable via
the user-specified resources is not implemented in full.
It can be accomplished up to a certain degree using C<fetch_resource()>
existing functionality, but it is believed that calling up the method
for the every property for the every widget created is prohibitively 
expensive.

=head1 API

=head2 Properties

=over

=item accelItems [ ITEM_LIST ]

Manages items of a Prima::AccelTable object associated with a widget.
The ITEM_LIST format is same as C<Prima::AbstractMenu::items>
and is described in L<Prima::Menu>.

See also: C<accelTable>

=item accelTable OBJECT

Manages a Prima::AccelTable object associated with a widget. 
The sole purpose of the accelTable object is to provide
convenience mapping of key combinations to anonymous subroutines.
Instead of writing an interface specifically for Prima::Widget,
the existing interface of Prima::AbstractMenu was taken.

The accelTable object can be destroyed safely; its cancellation
can be done either via C<accelTable(undef)> or C<destroy()> call.

Default value: undef

See also: C<accelItems>

=item autoEnableChildren BOOLEAN

If TRUE, all immediate children widgets maintain the same
C<enabled> state as the widget. This property is useful for
the group-like widgets ( ComboBox, SpinEdit etc ), that employ their
children for visual representation.

Default value: 0

=item backColor COLOR

In widget paint state, reflects background color in the graphic context.
In widget normal state, manages the basic background color.
If changed, initiates C<ColorChanged> notification and repaints the widget.

See also: C<color>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item bottom INTEGER

Maintains the lower boundary of a widget. If changed,
does not affect the widget height; but does so, if called
in C<set()> together with C<::top>.

See also: C<left>, C<right>, C<top>, C<origin>, C<rect>,
C<growMode>, C<Move>

=item briefKeys BOOLEAN

If 1, contracts the repetitive key press events into one
notification, increasing REPEAT parameter of C<KeyDown> 
callbacks. If 0, REPEAT parameter is always 1.

Default value: 1

See also: C<KeyDown>

=item buffered BOOLEAN

If 1, a widget C<Paint> callback draws not on the screen, but
on the off-screen memory instead. The memory content is copied
to the screen then. Used when complex drawing methods are used, 
or if output smoothness is desired.

This behavior can not be always granted, however. If there is not
enough memory, then widget draws in the usual manner.

Default value: 0

See also: C<Paint>

=item capture BOOLEAN, CLIP_OBJECT = undef

Manipulates capturing of the mouse events. If 1,
the mouse events are not passed to the widget the mouse pointer
is over, but are redirected to the caller widget. The call for capture
might not be always granted due the race conditions 
between programs.

If CLIP_OBJECT widget is defined in set-mode call, 
the pointer movements are confined to CLIP_OBJECT inferior.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseMove>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>.

=item centered BOOLEAN

A write-only property. Once set, widget is centered by X and Y
axis relative to its owner.

See also: C<x_centered>, C<y_centered>, C<growMode>, C<origin>, C<Move>.

=item clipOwner BOOLEAN

If 1, a widget is clipped by its owner boundaries. 
It is the default and expected behavior. If clipOwner is 0,
a widget behaves differently: it does not clipped
by the owner, it is not moved together with the parent, 
the origin offset is calculated not from the owner's coordinates but
from the screen, and mouse events in a widget do not transgress
to the top-level window decorations. In short, it itself becomes 
a top-level window, that, contrary
to the one created from Prima::Window class, does not have
any interference with system-dependent window stacking and positioning 
( and any other ) policy, and is not ornamented by the window manager
decorations.

Default value: 1

See L<"Parent-children relationship">

See also: C<Prima::Object> owner section, C<parentHandle>

=item color COLOR

In widget paint state, reflects foreground color in the graphic context.
In widget normal state, manages the basic foreground color.
If changed, initiates C<ColorChanged> notification and repaints the widget.

See also: C<backColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item colorIndex INDEX, COLOR

Manages the basic color properties indirectly, 
by accessing via C<ci::XXX> constant. Is a complete alias
for C<::color>, C<::backColor>, C<::hiliteColor>, C<::hiliteBackColor>,
C<::disabledColor>, C<::disabledBackColor>, C<::light3DColor>, and
C<::dark3DColor> properties. The C<ci::XXX> constants are:

   ci::NormalText or ci::Fore 
   ci::Normal or ci::Back
   ci::HiliteText
   ci::Hilite
   ci::DisabledText
   ci::Disabled
   ci::Light3DColor
   ci::Dark3DColor

The non-RGB C<cl::> constants, specific to the Prima::Widget color usage are
identical to their C<ci::> counterparts:

   cl::NormalText or cl::Fore 
   cl::Normal or cl::Back
   cl::HiliteText
   cl::Hilite
   cl::DisabledText
   cl::Disabled
   cl::Light3DColor
   cl::Dark3DColor

See also: C<color>, C<backColor>, C<ColorChanged>   

=item current BOOLEAN

If 1, a widget (or one of its children) is marked as the one to 
be focused ( or selected) when the owner widget receives C<select()> call.
Within children widgets, only one or none at all can be marked as a current.

See also: C<currentWidget>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<selectedWidget>, C<focused>

=item currentWidget OBJECT

Points to a children widget, that is to 
be focused ( or selected) when the owner widget receives C<select()> call.

See also: C<current>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<selectedWidget>, C<focused>

=item cursorPos X_OFFSET Y_OFFSET

Specifies the lower left corner of the cursor

See also: C<cursorSize>, C<cursorVisible>

=item cursorSize WIDTH HEIGHT

Specifies width and height of the cursor

See also: C<cursorPos>, C<cursorVisible>

=item cursorVisible BOOLEAN

Specifies cursor visibility flag. Default value is 0.

See also: C<cursorSize>, C<cursorPos>

=item dark3DColor COLOR

The color used to draw dark shades.

See also: C<light3DColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item designScale X_SCALE Y_SCALE

The width and height of a font, that was used when
a widget ( usually  a dialog or a grouping 
widget ) was designed.

See also: C<scaleChildren>, C<width>, C<height>, C<size>, C<font>

=item disabledBackColor COLOR

The color used to substitute C<::backColor> when a widget 
is in its disabled state.

See also: C<disabledColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item disabledColor COLOR

The color used to substitute C<::color> when a widget 
is in its disabled state.

See also: C<disabledBackColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item enabled BOOLEAN

Specifies if a widget can accept focus, keyboard and mouse events.
Default value is 1, however, being 'enabled' does not automatically
allow the widget become focused. Only the reverse is true - 
if enabled is 0, focusing can never happen.

See also: C<responsive>, C<visible>, C<Enable>, C<Disable>

=item font %FONT

Manages font context. Same syntax as in Prima::Drawable.
If changed, initiates C<FontChanged> notification and repaints the widget.

See also: C<designScale>, C<FontChanged>, C<ColorChanged>

=item geometry INTEGER

Selects one of the available geometry managers. The corresponding
integer constants are:

   gt::GrowMode, gt::Default - the default grow-mode algorithm
   gt::Pack                  - Tk packer
   gt::Place                 - Tk placer

See C<growMode>, L<Prima::Widget::pack>, L<Prima::Widget::place>.

=item growMode MODE

Specifies widget behavior, when its owner is resized or moved.
MODE can be 0 ( default ) or a combination of the following constants:

=over

=item Basic constants

 gm::GrowLoX      widget's left side is kept in constant 
                  distance from owner's right side
 gm::GrowLoY      widget's bottom side is kept in constant 
                  distance from owner's top side 
 gm::GrowHiX      widget's right side is kept in constant 
                  distance from owner's right side  
 gm::GrowHiY      widget's top side is kept in constant 
                  distance from owner's top side  
 gm::XCenter      widget is kept in center on its owner's
                  horizontal axis
 gm::YCenter      widget is kept in center on its owner's
                  vertical axis 
 gm::DontCare     widgets origin is maintained constant relative 
                  to the screen

=item Derived or aliased constants

 gm::GrowAll      gm::GrowLoX|gm::GrowLoY|gm::GrowHiX|gm::GrowHiY 
 gm::Center       gm::XCenter|gm::YCenter
 gm::Client       gm::GrowHiX|gm::GrowHiY
 gm::Right        gm::GrowLoX|gm::GrowHiY 
 gm::Left         gm::GrowHiY 
 gm::Floor        gm::GrowHiX 

=back

See also: C<Move>, C<origin>

=item firstClick BOOLEAN

If 0, a widget bypasses first mouse click on it,
if the top-level window it belongs to was not activated, so
selecting such a widget it takes two mouse clicks.

Default value is 1

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<focused>, C<selectingButtons>

=item focused BOOLEAN

Specifies whether a widget possesses the input focus or not.
Disregards C<::selectable> property on set-call.

See also: C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<selectedWidget>, C<KeyDown>

=item geomWidth, geomHeight, geomSize

Three properties that select geometry request size. Writing
and reading to C<::geomWidth> and C<::geomHeight> is equivalent to
C<::geomSize>. The properies are run-time only, and behave differently
under different circumstances:

=over

=item *

As the properties are run-time only, they can not be set in the profile,
and their initial value is fetched from C<::size> property. Thus, setting the
explicit size is aditionally sets the advised size in case the widget is
to be used with the Tk geometry managers.

=item *

Setting the properties under the C<gt::GrowMode> geometry manager also
sets the corresponding C<::width>, C<::height>, or C<::size>. When the properties
are read, though, the real size properties are not read; the values are kept separately.

=item *

Setting the properties under Tk geometry managers cause widgets size and position changed 
according to the geometry manager policy.

=back

=item height

Maintains the height of a widget.

See also: C<width>, 
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>

=item helpContext STRING

A string that binds a widget, a logical part 
it plays with the application and an interactive 
help topic. STRING format is defined as POD link
( see L<perlpod> ) - "manpage/section", 
where 'manpage' is the file with POD content and 'section'
is the topic inside the manpage.

See also: C<help>

=item hiliteBackColor COLOR

The color used to draw alternate background areas
with high contrast.

See also: C<hiliteColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item hiliteColor COLOR

The color used to draw alternate foreground areas
with high contrast.

See also: C<hiliteBackColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item hint TEXT

A text, shown under mouse pointer if it is hovered over
a widget longer than C<Prima::Application::hintPause> timeout. The text shows
only if the C<::showHint> is 1.

See also: C<hintVisible>, C<showHint>, C<ownerHint>, C<ownerShowHint>

=item hintVisible BOOLEAN

If called in get-form, returns whether the hint label is shown
or not. If in set-form, immediately turns on or off the hint label,
disregarding the timeouts. It does regard the mouse pointer location,
however, and does not turn on the hint label if the pointer is away.

See also: C<hint>, C<showHint>, C<ownerHint>, C<ownerShowHint>

=item left INTEGER

Maintains the left boundary of a widget. If changed,
does not affect the widget width; but does so, if called
in C<set()> together with C<::right>.

See also: C<bottom>, C<right>, C<top>, C<origin>, C<rect>,
C<growMode>, C<Move>

=item light3DColor COLOR

The color used to draw light shades.

See also: C<dark3DColor>, C<colorIndex>, C<ColorChanged>

=item ownerBackColor BOOLEAN

If 1, the background color is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::backColor> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<ownerColor>, C<backColor>, C<colorIndex>

=item ownerColor BOOLEAN

If 1, the foreground color is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::color> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<ownerBackColor>, C<color>, C<colorIndex>

=item ownerFont BOOLEAN

If 1, the font is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::font> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<font>, C<FontChanged>

=item ownerHint BOOLEAN

If 1, the hint is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::hint> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<hint>, C<showHint>, C<hintVisible>, C<ownerShowHint>

=item ownerShowHint BOOLEAN

If 1, the show hint flag is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::showHint> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<hint>, C<showHint>, C<hintVisible>, C<ownerHint>

=item ownerPalette BOOLEAN

If 1, the palette array is synchronized with the owner's.
Automatically set to 0 if C<::palette> property is explicitly set.

See also: C<palette>

=item origin X Y

Maintains the left and bottom boundaries of a widget relative
to its owner ( or to the screen if C<::clipOwner> is set to 0 ).

See also: C<bottom>, C<right>, C<top>, C<left>, C<rect>,
C<growMode>, C<Move>

=item packInfo %OPTIONS

See L<Prima::Widget::pack>

=item palette [ @PALETTE ]

Specifies array of colors, that are desired to be present
into the system palette, as close to the PALETTE as possible.
This property works only if the graphic device allows palette
operations. See L<Prima::Drawable/"palette">.

See also: C<ownerPalette>

=item parentHandle SYSTEM_WINDOW

If SYSTEM_WINDOW is a valid system-dependent window handle,
then a widget becomes the child of the window specified,
given the widget's C<::clipOwner> is 0.
The parent window can belong to another application.

Default value is undef.

See also: C<clipOwner>

=item placeInfo %OPTIONS

See L<Prima::Widget::place>

=item pointer cr::XXX or ICON

Specifies the pointer icon; discerns between
C<cr::XXX> constants and an icon. If an icon
contains a hash variable C<__pointerHotSpot> 
with an array of two integers, these integers
will be treated as the pointer hot spot. In 
get-mode call, this variable is automatically assigned
to an icon, if the result is an icon object.

See also: C<pointerHotSpot>, C<pointerIcon>, C<pointerType>

=item pointerHotSpot X_OFFSET Y_OFFSET

Specifies the hot spot coordinates of a pointer icon, associated 
with a widget.

See also: C<pointer>, C<pointerIcon>, C<pointerType>

=item pointerIcon ICON

Specifies the pointer icon, associated with a widget.

See also: C<pointerHotSpot>, C<pointer>, C<pointerType>

=item pointerPos X_OFFSET Y_OFFSET

Specifies the mouse pointer coordinates relative to widget's
coordinates.

See also: C<get_mouse_state>, C<screen_to_client>, C<client_to_screen>

=item pointerType TYPE

Specifies the type of the pointer, associated with the widget.
TYPE can accept one constant of C<cr::XXX> set:

   cr::Default                 same pointer type as owner's
   cr::Arrow                   arrow pointer
   cr::Text                    text entry cursor-like pointer
   cr::Wait                    hourglass
   cr::Size                    general size action pointer
   cr::Move                    general move action pointer 
   cr::SizeWest, cr::SizeW     right-move action pointer
   cr::SizeEast, cr::SizeE     left-move action pointer 
   cr::SizeWE                  general horizontal-move action pointer 
   cr::SizeNorth, cr::SizeN    up-move action pointer 
   cr::SizeSouth, cr::SizeS    down-move action pointer 
   cr::SizeNS                  general vertical-move action pointer 
   cr::SizeNW                  up-right move action pointer
   cr::SizeSE                  down-left move action pointer
   cr::SizeNE                  up-left move action pointer
   cr::SizeSW                  down-right move action pointer
   cr::Invalid                 invalid action pointer
   cr::User                    user-defined icon

All constants except C<cr::User> and C<cr::Default> present a system-defined 
pointers, their icons and hot spot offsets. C<cr::User> is a sign that
an icon object was specified explicitly via C<::pointerIcon> property. 
C<cr::Default> is a way to tell that a widget inherits its owner pointer type,
no matter is it a system-defined pointer or a custom icon.

See also: C<pointerHotSpot>, C<pointerIcon>, C<pointer>

=item popup OBJECT

Manages a Prima::Popup object associated with a widget. 
The purpose of the popup object is to show a context menu
when the user right-clicks or selects the corresponding keyboard
combination. Prima::Widget can host many children objects,
Prima::Popup as well. But only the one that is set in
C<::popup> property will be activated automatically.

The popup object can be destroyed safely; its cancellation
can be done either via C<popup(undef)> or C<destroy()> call.

See also: C<Prima::Menu>, C<Popup>, C<Menu>, 
C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>

=item popupColorIndex INDEX, COLOR

Maintains eight color properties of a pop-up context menu,
associated with a widget. INDEX must be one of C<ci::XXX> constants
( see C<::colorIndex> property ). 

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupColor COLOR

Basic foreground in a popup context menu color.

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupBackColor COLOR

Basic background in a popup context menu color.

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupDark3DColor COLOR

Color for drawing dark shadings in a popup context menu.

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupDisabledColor COLOR

Foreground color for disabled items in a popup context menu. 

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupDisabledBackColor COLOR

Background color for disabled items in a popup context menu. 

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupFont %FONT

Maintains the font of a pop-up context menu, associated with a widget.

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popup>

=item popupHiliteColor COLOR

Foreground color for selected items in a popup context menu. 

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupHiliteBackColor COLOR

Background color for selected items in a popup context menu. 

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item popupItems [ ITEM_LIST ]

Manages items of a Prima::Popup object associated with a widget.
The ITEM_LIST format is same as C<Prima::AbstractMenu::items>
and is described in L<Prima::Menu>.

See also: C<popup>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>

=item popupLight3DColor COLOR

Color for drawing light shadings in a popup context menu.

See also: C<popupItems>, C<popupColorIndex>, C<popupFont>, C<popup>

=item rect X_LEFT_OFFSET Y_BOTTOM_OFFSET X_RIGHT_OFFSET Y_TOP_OFFSET

Maintains the rectangular boundaries of a widget relative
to its owner ( or to the screen if C<::clipOwner> is set to 0 ).

See also: C<bottom>, C<right>, C<top>, C<left>, C<origin>, 
C<width>, C<height>, C<size>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>

=item right INTEGER

Maintains the right boundary of a widget. If changed,
does not affect the widget width; but does so, if called
in C<set()> together with C<::left>.

See also: C<left>, C<bottom>, C<top>, C<origin>, C<rect>,
C<growMode>, C<Move>

=item scaleChildren BOOLEAN

If a widget has C<::scaleChildren> set to 1, then the newly-created 
children widgets inserted in it will be scaled corresponding to the
owner's C<::designScale>, given that widget's C<::designScale> is not C<undef>
and the owner's is not [0,0].

Default is 1.

See also: C<designScale>

=item selectable BOOLEAN

If 1, a widget can be granted focus implicitly, or by means of
the user actions. C<select()> regards this property, and does not
focus a widget that has C<::selectable> set to 0.

Default value is 0

See also: C<current>, C<currentWidget>, C<selected>, C<selectedWidget>, C<focused>

=item selected BOOLEAN

If called in get-mode, returns whether a widget or
one of its (grand-) children is focused. If in set-mode,
either simply turns the system with no-focus state ( if 0 ),
or sends input focus to itself or one of the widgets tracked down by
C<::currentWidget> chain.

See also: C<current>, C<currentWidget>, C<selectable>, C<selectedWidget>, C<focused>

=item selectedWidget OBJECT

Points to a child widget, that has property C<::selected> set to 1.

See also: C<current>, C<currentWidget>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<focused>

=item selectingButtons FLAGS

FLAGS is a combination of C<mb::XXX> ( mouse button ) flags.
If a widget receives a click with a mouse button, that has
the corresponding bit set in C<::selectingButtons>, then
C<select()> is called.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<firstClick>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<focused>

=item shape IMAGE

Maintains the non-rectangular shape of a widget.
IMAGE is monochrome Prima::Image, with 0 bits treated 
as transparent pixels, and 1 bits as opaque pixels.

Successive only if C<sv::ShapeExtension> value is true.

=item showHint BOOLEAN

If 1, the toolkit is allowed to show the hint label over 
a widget. If 0, the display of the hint is forbidden. The C<::hint>
property must contain non-empty string as well, if
the hint label must be shown.

Default value is 1.

See also: C<hint>, C<ownerShowHint>, C<hintVisible>, C<ownerHint>

=item size WIDTH HEIGHT

Maintains the width and height of a widget.

See also: C<width>, C<height>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>

=item sizeMax WIDTH HEIGHT

Specifies the maximal size for a widget that it is allowed to accept.

See also: C<width>, C<height>, C<size>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMin>

=item sizeMin WIDTH HEIGHT

Specifies the minimal size for a widget that it is allowed to accept.

See also: C<width>, C<height>, C<size>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMax>

=item syncPaint BOOLEAN

If 0, the C<Paint> request notifications are stacked
until the event loop is called. If 1, every time the widget
surface gets invalidated, the C<Paint> notification is called.

Default value is 0.

See also: C<invalidate_rect>, C<repaint>, C<validate_rect>, C<Paint>

=item tabOrder INTEGER

Maintains the order in which tab- and shift-tab- key navigation
algorithms select the sibling widgets. INTEGER is unique among
the sibling widgets. In set mode, if INTEGER value is already taken,
the occupier is assigned another unique value, but without destruction
of a queue - widgets with ::tabOrder greater than of the widget,
receive their new values too. Special value -1 is accepted as 'the end of list'
indicator; the negative value is never returned.

See also: C<tabStop>, C<next_tab>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<focused>

=item tabStop BOOLEAN

Specifies whether a widget is interested in tab- and shift-tab- key
navigation or not.

Default value is 1. 

See also: C<tabOrder>, C<next_tab>, C<selectable>, C<selected>, C<focused>

=item text TEXT

A text string for generic purpose. Many Prima::Widget
descendants use this property heavily - buttons, labels,
input lines etc, but Prima::Widget itself does not.

=item top INTEGER

Maintains the upper boundary of a widget. If changed,
does not affect the widget height; but does so, if called
in C<set()> together with C<::bottom>.

See also: C<left>, C<right>, C<bottom>, C<origin>, C<rect>,
C<growMode>, C<Move>

=item transparent BOOLEAN

Specifies whether the background of a widget before
it starts painting is of any importance. If 1, a widget
can gain certain transparency look if it
does not clear the background during C<Paint> event.

Default value is 0

See also: C<Paint>, C<buffered>.

=item visible BOOLEAN

Specifies whether a widget is visible or not.
See L<"Visibility">.

See also: C<Show>, C<Hide>, C<showing>, C<exposed>

=item widgetClass CLASS

Maintains the integer value, designating the color
class that is defined by the system and is associated with Prima::Widget
eight basic color properties. CLASS can be one of 
C<wc::XXX> constants:

   wc::Undef
   wc::Button
   wc::CheckBox
   wc::Combo
   wc::Dialog
   wc::Edit
   wc::InputLine
   wc::Label
   wc::ListBox
   wc::Menu
   wc::Popup
   wc::Radio
   wc::ScrollBar
   wc::Slider
   wc::Widget or wc::Custom
   wc::Window
   wc::Application

These constants are not associated with the toolkit classes;
any class can use any of these constants in C<::widgetClass>.

See also: C<map_color>, C<colorIndex>

=item width WIDTH

Maintains the width of a widget.

See also: C<height>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<get_virtual_size>, 
C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>


=item x_centered BOOLEAN

A write-only property. Once set, widget is centered by the horizontal
axis relative to its owner.

See also: C<centered>, C<y_centered>, C<growMode>, C<origin>, C<Move>.

=item y_centered BOOLEAN

A write-only property. Once set, widget is centered by the vertical
axis relative to its owner.

See also: C<x_centered>, C<centered>, C<growMode>, C<origin>, C<Move>.

=back

=head2 Methods

=over

=item bring_to_front

Sends a widget on top of all other siblings widgets

See also: C<insert_behind>, C<send_to_back>, C<ZOrderChanged>
,C<first>, C<next>, C<prev>, C<last>

=item can_close

Sends C<Close> message, and returns its boolean exit state.

See also: C<Close>, C<close>

=item client_to_screen @OFFSETS

Maps array of X and Y integer offsets from widget to screen coordinates.
Returns the mapped OFFSETS.

See also: C<screen_to_client>, C<clipOwner>

=item close

Calls C<can_close()>, and if successful, destroys a widget.
Returns the C<can_close()> result.

See also: C<can_close>, C<Close>

=item defocus

Alias for C<focused(0)> call

See also: C<focus>, C<focused>, C<Enter>, C<Leave>

=item deselect

Alias for C<selected(0)> call

See also: C<select>, C<selected>, C<Enter>, C<Leave>

=item exposed

Returns a boolean value, indicating whether a widget 
is at least partly visible on the screen.
Never returns 1 if a widget has C<::visible> set to 0.

See also: C<visible>, C<showing>, C<Show>, C<Hide>

=item fetch_resource CLASS_NAME, NAME, CLASS_RESOURCE, RESOURCE, OWNER, RESOURCE_TYPE = fr::String

Returns a system-defined scalar of resource, defined by the widget hierarchy,
its class, name and owner. RESOURCE_TYPE can be one of type qualificators:

   fr::Color  - color resource
   fr::Font   - font resource
   fs::String - text string resource

Such a number of the parameters is used because the method 
can be called before a widget is created.
CLASS_NAME is widget class string, NAME is widget name.
CLASS_RESOURCE is class of resource, and RESOURCE is the resource name.

For example, resources 'color' and 'disabledColor' belong to the
resource class 'Foreground'.

=item first

Returns the first ( from bottom ) sibling widget in Z-order.

See also: C<last>, C<next>, C<prev>

=item focus

Alias for C<focused(1)> call

See also: C<defocus>, C<focused>, C<Enter>, C<Leave>

=item hide

Sets widget C<::visible> to 0.

See also: C<hide>, C<visible>, C<Show>, C<Hide>, C<showing>, C<exposed>

=item hide_cursor

Hides the cursor. As many times C<hide_cursor()> was called,
as many time its counterpart C<show_cursor()> must be called
to reach the cursor's initial state.

See also: C<show_cursor>, C<cursorVisible>

=item help

Starts an interactive help viewer
opened on C<::helpContext> string value.

The string value is combined
from the widget's owner C<::helpContext> strings
if the latter is empty or begins with a slash.
A special meaning is assigned to an empty string " " -
the help() call fails when such value is found to be
the section component.  This feature can be useful when a window or a dialog
presents a standalone functionality in a separate module,
and the documentation is related more to the module than
to an embedding program. In such case, the grouping widget
holds C<::helpContext> as a pod manpage name with a trailing
slash, and its children widgets are assigned C<::helpContext>
to the topics without the manpage but the leading slash instead.
If the grouping widget has an empty string " " as C<::helpContext>
then the help is forced to be unavailable for all the children
widgets.

See also: C<helpContext>

=item insert CLASS, %PROFILE [[ CLASS, %PROFILE], ... ]

Creates one or more widgets with C<owner> property set to the 
caller widget, and returns the list of references to the newly 
created widgets. 

Has two calling formats:

=over

=item Single widget

  $parent-> insert( 'Child::Class',
     name => 'child',
     ....
  );

=item Multiple widgets

  $parent-> insert( 
    [
       'Child::Class1',
          name => 'child1',
          ....
    ],
    [
       'Child::Class2',
          name => 'child2',
          ....
    ],
  );

=back

=item insert_behind OBJECT

Sends a widget behind the OBJECT on Z-axis, given that
the OBJECT is a sibling to the widget.

See also: C<bring_to_front>, C<send_to_back>, C<ZOrderChanged> 
,C<first>, C<next>, C<prev>, C<last>

=item invalidate_rect X_LEFT_OFFSET Y_BOTTOM_OFFSET X_RIGHT_OFFSET Y_TOP_OFFSET 

Marks the rectangular area of a widget as 'invalid', 
so re-painting of the area happens. See L<"Graphic content">.

See also: C<validate_rect>, C<get_invalid_rect>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<syncPaint>, C<update_view>

=item key_down CODE, KEY = kb::NoKey, MOD = 0, REPEAT = 1, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<KeyDown> event 
to the system. CODE, KEY, MOD and REPEAT are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<key_up>, C<key_event>, C<KeyDown>

=item key_event COMMAND, CODE, KEY = kb::NoKey, MOD = 0, REPEAT = 1, POST = 0

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated keyboard event 
to the system. CODE, KEY, MOD and REPEAT are the parameters
to be passed to an eventual C<KeyDown> or C<KeyUp> notifications.
COMMAND is allowed to be either C<cm::KeyDown> or C<cm::KeyUp>.

See also: C<key_down>, C<key_up>, C<KeyDown>, C<KeyUp>

=item key_up CODE, KEY = kb::NoKey, MOD = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<KeyUp> event 
to the system. CODE, KEY and MOD are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<key_down>, C<key_event>, C<KeyUp>

=item last

Returns the last ( the topmost ) sibling widget in Z-order.

See also: C<first>, C<next>, C<prev>

=item lock

Turns off the ability of a widget to re-paint itself.
As many times C<lock()> was called, as may times its counterpart,
C<unlock()> must be called to enable re-painting again.
Returns a boolean success flag.

See also: C<unlock>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<get_locked>

=item map_color COLOR

Transforms C<cl::XXX> and C<ci::XXX> combinations into RGB
color representation and returns the result. If COLOR is already 
in RGB format, no changes are made.

See also: C<colorIndex>

=item mouse_click BUTTON = mb::Left, MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, DBL_CLICK = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseClick> event 
to the system. BUTTON, MOD, X, Y, and DBL_CLICK are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item mouse_down BUTTON = mb::Left, MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseDown> event 
to the system. BUTTON, MOD, X, and Y are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item mouse_enter MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseEnter> event 
to the system. MOD, X, and Y are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item mouse_event COMMAND = cm::MouseDown, BUTTON = mb::Left, MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, DBL_CLICK = 0, POST = 0

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated mouse event 
to the system. BUTTON, MOD, X, Y and DBL_CLICK are the parameters
to be passed to an eventual mouse notifications.
COMMAND is allowed to be one of C<cm::MouseDown>, C<cm::MouseUp>,
C<cm::MouseWheel>, C<cm::MouseClick>, C<cm::MouseMove>, C<cm::MouseEnter>,
C<cm::MouseLeave> constants.

See also: C<mouse_down>, C<mouse_up>, C<mouse_wheel>, C<mouse_click>,
C<mouse_move>, C<mouse_enter>, C<mouse_leave>, 
C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave>

=item mouse_leave

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseLeave> event 
to the system. 

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 


=item mouse_move MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseMove> event 
to the system. MOD, X, and Y are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item mouse_up BUTTON = mb::Left, MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseUp> event 
to the system. BUTTON, MOD, X, and Y are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseWheel>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item mouse_wheel MOD = 0, X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0, POST = 0 

The method sends or posts ( POST flag ) simulated C<MouseUp> event 
to the system. MOD, X, Y and Z are the parameters
to be passed to the notification callbacks.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item next

Returns the neighbor sibling widget, next ( above ) in Z-order.
If none found, undef is returned.

See also: C<first>, C<last>, C<prev>

=item next_tab FORWARD = 1

Returns the next widget in the sorted by C<::tabOrder> list
of sibling widgets. FORWARD is a boolean lookup direction flag. 
If none found, the first ( or the last, depending on FORWARD flag )
widget is returned. Only widgets with C<::tabStop> set to 1 participate.

Also used by the internal keyboard navigation code.

See also: C<next_positional>, C<tabOrder>, C<tabStop>, C<selectable>

=item next_positional DELTA_X DELTA_Y

Returns a sibling, (grand-)child of a sibling or (grand-)child widget,
that matched best the direction specified by DELTA_X and DELTA_Y.
At one time, only one of these parameters can be zero; another
parameter must be either 1 or -1.

Also used by the internal keyboard navigation code.

See also: C<next_tab>, C<origin>

=item pack, packForget, packSlaves

See L<Prima::Widget::pack>

=item place, placeForget, placeSlaves

See L<Prima::Widget::place>

=item prev

Returns the neighbor sibling widget, previous ( below ) in Z-order.
If none found, undef is returned.

See also: C<first>, C<last>, C<next>

=item repaint

Marks the whole widget area as 'invalid', 
so re-painting of the area happens. See L<"Graphic content">.

See also: C<validate_rect>, C<get_invalid_rect>, C<invalidate_rect>, C<Paint>, 
C<update_view>, C<syncPaint>

=item responsive

Returns a boolean flag, indicating whether a widget and its owners
have all C<::enabled> 1 or not. Useful for fast check if
a widget should respond to the user actions.

See also: C<enabled>

=item screen_to_client @OFFSETS

Maps array of X and Y integer offsets from screen to widget coordinates.
Returns the mapped OFFSETS.

See also: C<client_to_screen>

=item scroll DELTA_X DELTA_Y %OPTIONS

Scrolls the graphic context area by DELTA_X and DELTA_Y pixels.
OPTIONS is hash, that contains optional parameters to the scrolling
procedure:

=over

=item clipRect [X1, Y1, X2, Y2]

The clipping area is confined by X1, Y1, X2, Y2 rectangular area.
If not specified, the clipping area covers the whole widget.
Only the bits, covered by clipRect are affected.
Bits scrolled from the outside of the rectangle to the inside 
are painted; bits scrolled from the inside of the rectangle to 
the outside are not painted. 

=item confineRect [X1, Y1, X2, Y2]

The scrolling area is confined by X1, Y1, X2, Y2 rectangular area.
If not specified, the scrolling area covers the whole widget.

=item withChildren BOOLEAN

If 1, the scrolling performs with the eventual children widgets
change their positions to DELTA_X and DELTA_Y as well. 

=back

Cannot be used inside paint state.

See also: C<Paint>, C<get_invalid_rect>

=item select

Alias for C<selected(1)> call

See also: C<deselect>, C<selected>, C<Enter>, C<Leave>

=item send_to_back

Sends a widget at bottom of all other siblings widgets

See also: C<insert_behind>, C<bring_to_front>, C<ZOrderChanged> 
,C<first>, C<next>, C<prev>, C<last>

=item show

Sets widget C<::visible> to 1.

See also: C<hide>, C<visible>, C<Show>, C<Hide>, C<showing>, C<exposed>

=item show_cursor

Shows the cursor. As many times C<hide_cursor()> was called,
as many time its counterpart C<show_cursor()> must be called
to reach the cursor's initial state.

See also: C<hide_cursor>, C<cursorVisible>

=item showing

Returns a boolean value, indicating whether the widget and its owners
have all C<::visible> 1 or not.

=item unlock

Turns on the ability of a widget to re-paint itself.
As many times C<lock()> was called, as may times its counterpart,
C<unlock()> must be called to enable re-painting again.
When last C<unlock()> is called, an implicit C<repaint()> call is 
made.  Returns a boolean success flag.

See also: C<lock>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<get_locked>

=item update_view

If any parts of a widget were marked as 'invalid' by
either C<invalidate_rect()> or C<repaint()> calls or the 
exposure caused by window movements ( or any other),
then C<Paint> notification is immediately called.
If no parts are invalid, no action is performed.
If a widget has C<::syncPaint> set to 1, 
C<update_view()> is always a no-operation call.

See also: C<invalidate_rect>, C<get_invalid_rect>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<syncPaint>, C<update_view>

=item validate_rect X_LEFT_OFFSET Y_BOTTOM_OFFSET X_RIGHT_OFFSET Y_TOP_OFFSET  

Reverses the effect of C<invalidate_rect()>, restoring the original, 'valid'
state of widget area covered by the rectangular area passed. If a widget
with previously invalid areas was wholly validated by this method, no C<Paint>
notifications occur.

See also: C<invalidate_rect>, C<get_invalid_rect>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<syncPaint>, C<update_view>


=back

=head2 Get-methods

=over

=item get_default_font

Returns the default font for a Prima::Widget class.

See also: C<font>

=item get_default_popup_font

Returns the default font for a Prima::Popup class.

See also: C<font>

=item get_invalid_rect

Returns the result of successive calls C<invalidate_rect()>,
C<validate_rect()> and C<repaint()>, as a rectangular area   
( four integers ) that cover all invalid regions in a widget.
If none found, (0,0,0,0) is returned.

See also: C<validate_rect>, C<invalidate_rect>, C<repaint>, C<Paint>, C<syncPaint>, C<update_view>

=item get_handle

Returns a system handle for a widget

See also: C<get_parent_handle>

=item get_locked

Returns 1 if a widget is in C<lock()> - initiated repaint-blocked state.

See also: C<lock>, C<unlock>

=item get_mouse_state

Returns a combination of C<mb::XXX> constants, reflecting the currently
pressed mouse buttons.

See also: C<pointerPos>, C<get_shift_state>

=item get_parent

Returns the owner widget that clips the widget boundaries, or application
object if a widget is top-level.

See also: C<clipOwner>

=item get_parent_handle

Returns a system handle for a parent of a widget, a window that
belongs to another program. Returns 0 if the widget's owner and parent
are in the same application and process space.

See also: C<get_handle>, C<clipOwner>

=item get_pointer_size

Returns two integers, width and height of a icon,
that the system accepts as valid for a pointer.
If the icon is supplied that is more or less than these values,
it is truncated or padded with transparency bits, but is not stretched.
Can be called with class syntax.

=item get_shift_state

Returns a combination of C<km::XXX> constants, reflecting the currently
pressed keyboard modificator buttons.

See also: C<get_shift_state>

=item get_virtual_size

Returns virtual width and height of a widget. 
See L<"Geometry">, Implicit size regulations.

See also: C<width>, C<height>, C<size>
C<growMode>, C<Move>, C<Size>, C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>

=item get_widgets or widgets

Returns list of children widgets.

=back

=head2 Events

=over

=item Change

Generic notification, used for Prima::Widget descendants;
Prima::Widget itself neither calls not uses the event.
Designed to be called when an arbitrary major state of 
a widget is changed.

=item Click

Generic notification, used for Prima::Widget descendants;
Prima::Widget itself neither calls not uses the event.
Designed to be called when an arbitrary major action
for a widget is called.

=item Close

Triggered by C<can_close()> and C<close()> functions. 
If the event flag is cleared during execution,
these functions fail. 

See also: C<close>, C<can_close>

=item ColorChanged INDEX

Called when one of widget's color properties
is changed, either by direct property change
or by the system. INDEX is one of C<ci::XXX>
constants.

See also: C<colorIndex>

=item Disable

Triggered by a successive C<enabled(0)> call

See also: C<Enable>, C<enabled>, C<responsive>

=item DragDrop X Y

I<Design in progress>. Supposed to be triggered
when a drag-and-drop session started by the widget.
X and Y are mouse pointer coordinates on
the session start.

See also: C<DragOver>, C<EndDrag>

=item DragOver X Y STATE

I<Design in progress>. Supposed to be called
when a mouse pointer is passed over a widget
during a drag-and-drop session.
X and Y are mouse pointer coordinates, identical
to C<MouseMove> X Y parameters. STATE value
is undefined.

See also: C<DragDrop>, C<EndDrag>

=item Enable

Triggered by a successive C<enabled(1)> call

See also: C<Disable>, C<enabled>, C<responsive>

=item EndDrag X Y

I<Design in progress>. Supposed to be called
when a drag-and-drop session is finished successfully
over a widget. X and Y are mouse pointer coordinates
on the session end. 

See also: C<DragDrop>, C<DragOver>

=item Enter

Called when a widget receives the input focus.

See also: C<Leave>, C<focused>, C<selected>

=item FontChanged

Called when a widget font is changed either 
by direct property change or by the system.

See also: C<font>, C<ColorChanged>

=item Hide

Triggered by a successive C<visible(0)> call

See also: C<Show>, C<visible>, C<showing>, C<exposed>

=item Hint SHOW_FLAG

Called when the hint label is about to show or hide,
depending on SHOW_FLAG. The hint show or hide action
fails, if the event flag is cleared during execution.

See also: C<showHint>, C<ownerShowHint>, C<hintVisible>, C<ownerHint>

=item KeyDown CODE, KEY, MOD, REPEAT

Sent to the focused widget when the user presses a key.
CODE contains an eventual character code, KEY is one of C<kb::XXX>
constants, MOD is a combination of the modificator keys
pressed when the event occurred ( C<km::XXX> ). REPEAT
is how many times the key was pressed; usually it is 1.
( see C<::briefKeys> ).

The valid C<km::> constants are:

   km::Shift
   km::Ctrl
   km::Alt
   km::KeyPad
   km::DeadKey

The valid C<kb::> constants are grouped in several sets.
Some codes are aliased, like, C<kb::PgDn> and C<kb::PageDown>.

=over

=item Modificator keys

   kb::ShiftL   kb::ShiftR   kb::CtrlL      kb::CtrlR
   kb::AltL     kb::AltR     kb::MetaL      kb::MetaR
   kb::SuperL   kb::SuperR   kb::HyperL     kb::HyperR
   kb::CapsLock kb::NumLock  kb::ScrollLock kb::ShiftLock

=item Keys with character code defined  

   kb::Backspace  kb::Tab    kb::Linefeed   kb::Enter
   kb::Return     kb::Escape kb::Esc        kb::Space


=item Function keys

   kb::F1 .. kb::F30
   kb::L1 .. kb::L10
   kb::R1 .. kb::R10

=item Other

   kb::Clear    kb::Pause   kb::SysRq  kb::SysReq
   kb::Delete   kb::Home    kb::Left   kb::Up
   kb::Right    kb::Down    kb::PgUp   kb::Prior
   kb::PageUp   kb::PgDn    kb::Next   kb::PageDown
   kb::End      kb::Begin   kb::Select kb::Print
   kb::PrintScr kb::Execute kb::Insert kb::Undo
   kb::Redo     kb::Menu    kb::Find   kb::Cancel
   kb::Help     kb::Break   kb::BackTab

=back

See also: C<KeyUp>, C<briefKeys>, C<key_down>, C<help>, C<popup>,
C<tabOrder>, C<tabStop>, C<accelTable>

=item KeyUp CODE, KEY, MOD

Sent to the focused widget when the user releases a key.
CODE contains an eventual character code, KEY is one of C<kb::XXX>
constants, MOD is a combination of the modificator keys
pressed when the event occurred ( C<km::XXX> ).

See also: C<KeyDown>, C<key_up>

=item Leave

Called when the input focus is removed from a widget

See also: C<Enter>, C<focused>, C<selected>

=item Menu MENU VAR_NAME

Called before the user-navigated menu ( pop-up
or pull-down ) is about to show another level of 
submenu on the screen. MENU is Prima::AbstractMenu
descendant, that children to a widget, and VAR_NAME
is the name of the menu item that is about to be shown.

Used for making changes in the menu structures dynamically.

See also: C<popupItems>

=item MouseClick BUTTON, MOD, X, Y, DOUBLE_CLICK

Called when a mouse click ( button is pressed, and then 
released within system-defined interval of time ) is
happened in the widget area. BUTTON is one of C<mb::XXX>
constants, MOD is a combination of C<km::XXX> constants,
reflecting pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates. DOUBLE_CLICK
is a boolean flag, set to 1 if it was a double click,
0 if a single.

C<mb::XXX> constants are:

   mb::b1 or mb::Left
   mb::b2 or mb::Middle
   mb::b3 or mb::Right
   mb::b4
   mb::b5
   mb::b6
   mb::b7
   mb::b8

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item MouseDown BUTTON, MOD, X, Y

Occurs when the user presses mouse button on a widget.
BUTTON is one of C<mb::XXX> constants, MOD is a combination of 
C<km::XXX> constants, reflecting the pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates.

See also: C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item MouseEnter MOD, X, Y

Occurs when the mouse pointer is entered the area occupied by a widget
( without mouse button pressed ).
MOD is a combination of  C<km::XXX> constants, reflecting 
the pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item MouseLeave

Occurs when the mouse pointer is driven off the area 
occupied by a widget ( without mouse button pressed ). 

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>

=item MouseMove MOD, X, Y

Occurs when the mouse pointer is transported over a widget.
MOD is a combination of  C<km::XXX> constants, reflecting 
the pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item MouseUp BUTTON, MOD, X, Y

Occurs when the user depresses mouse button on a widget.
BUTTON is one of C<mb::XXX> constants, MOD is a combination of 
C<km::XXX> constants, reflecting the pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseClick>, C<MouseWheel>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item MouseWheel MOD, X, Y, Z

Occurs when the user rotates mouse wheel on a widget.
MOD is a combination of  C<km::XXX> constants, 
reflecting the pressed modificator keys during the event,
X and Y are the mouse pointer coordinates. Z is the virtual
coordinate of a wheel. Typical ( 2001 A.D. ) mouse produces
Z 120-fold values.

See also: C<MouseDown>, C<MouseUp>, C<MouseClick>,
C<MouseMove>, C<MouseEnter>, C<MouseLeave> 

=item Move OLD_X, OLD_Y, NEW_X, NEW_Y

Triggered when widget changes its position relative to 
its parent, either by Prima::Widget methods or by the user.
OLD_X and OLD_Y are the old coordinates of
a widget, NEW_X and NEW_Y are the new ones. 

See also: C<Size>, C<origin>, C<growMode>, C<centered>, C<clipOwner>

=item Paint CANVAS

Caused when the system calls for the refresh of a graphic
context, associated with a widget. CANVAS is the widget itself,
however its usage instead of widget is recommended ( see
L<"Graphic content"> ).

See also: C<repaint>, C<syncPaint>, C<get_invalid_rect>, C<scroll>,
C<colorIndex>, C<font>

=item Popup BY_MOUSE, X, Y

Called by the system when the user presses a key or mouse
combination defined for a context pop-up menu execution.
By default executes the associated Prima::Popup object,
if it is present. If the event flag is cleared during the 
execution of callbacks, the pop-up menu is not shown.

See also: C<popup>

=item Setup

This message is posted right after C<Create> notification,
and comes first from the event loop. Prima::Widget does not
use it.

=item Show 

Triggered by a successive C<visible(1)> call

See also: C<Show>, C<visible>, C<showing>, C<exposed>

=item Size OLD_WIDTH, OLD_HEIGHT, NEW_WIDTH, NEW_HEIGHT

Triggered when widget changes its size, 
either by Prima::Widget methods or by the user.
OLD_WIDTH and OLD_HEIGHT are the old extensions of
a widget, NEW_WIDTH and NEW_HEIGHT are the new ones. 

See also: C<Move>, C<origin>, C<size>, C<growMode>, 
C<sizeMax>, C<sizeMin>, C<rect>, C<clipOwner>

=item TranslateAccel CODE, KEY, MOD

A distributed C<KeyDown> event. Traverses all the object
tree that the widget which received original C<KeyDown> event 
belongs to. Once the event flag is cleared, the iteration stops.

Used for tracking keyboard events by out-of-focus widgets.

See also: C<KeyDown>

=item ZOrderChanged

Triggered when a widget changes its stacking order, or Z-order
among its siblings, either by Prima::Widget methods or by the user. 

See also: C<bring_to_front>, C<insert_behind>, C<send_to_back>

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Dmitry Karasik, E<lt>dmitry@karasik.eu.orgE<gt>.


=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Prima>, L<Prima::Object>, L<Prima::Drawable>.
