# Alphabetical List of Gnumeric Functions

ABS

## ABS

    ABS(b1)

### Description

ABS implements the Absolute Value function: the result is to drop the negative sign (if present). This can be done for integers and floating point numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ABS(7) equals 7.

ABS(-3.14) equals 3.14.

### See also

CEIL, FLOOR.

ACCRINT

## ACCRINT

    ACCRINT(issue,first_interest,settlement,rate,par,frequency[,basis])

### Description

ACCRINT calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest. @issue is the issue date of the security. @first_interest is the first interest date of the security. @settlement is the settlement date of the sequrity. The settlement date is always after the issue date (the date when the security is bought). @rate is the annual rate of the security and @par is the par value of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @issue date, @first_interest date, or @settlement date is not valid, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error. The dates must be @issue < @first_interest < @settlement, or ACCRINT returns #NUM! error. If @rate <= 0 or @par <= 0 , ACCRINT returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error. If @issue date is after @settlement date or they are the same, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

ACCRINTM.

ACCRINTM

## ACCRINTM

    ACCRINTM(issue,maturity,rate[,par,basis])

### Description

ACCRINTM calculates and returns the accrued interest for a security from @issue to @maturity date. @issue is the issue date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @rate is the annual rate of the security and @par is the par value of the security. If you omit @par, ACCRINTM applies $1,000 instead. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @issue date or @maturity date is not valid, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error. If @rate <= 0 or @par <= 0, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error. If @issue date is after @maturity date or they are the same, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

ACCRINT.

ACOS

## ACOS

    ACOS(x)

### Description

ACOS function calculates the arc cosine of @x; that is the value whose cosine is @x. If @x falls outside the range -1 to 1, ACOS fails and returns the #NUM! error. The value it returns is in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ACOS(0.1) equals 1.470629.

ACOS(-0.1) equals 1.670964.

### See also

COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ACOSH

## ACOSH

    ACOSH(x)

### Description

ACOSH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is @x. If @x is less than 1.0, ACOSH() returns the #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ACOSH(2) equals 1.31696.

ACOSH(5.3) equals 2.35183.

### See also

ACOS, ASINH, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ADDRESS

## ADDRESS

    ADDRESS(row_num,col_num[,abs_num,a1,text])

### Description

ADDRESS returns a cell address as text for specified row and column numbers.

If @abs_num is 1 or omitted, ADDRESS returns absolute reference. If @abs_num is 2 ADDRESS returns absolute row and relative column. If @abs_num is 3 ADDRESS returns relative row and absolute column. If @abs_num is 4 ADDRESS returns relative reference. If @abs_num is greater than 4 ADDRESS returns #VALUE! error.

@a1 is a logical value that specifies the reference style. If @a1 is TRUE or omitted, ADDRESS returns an A1-style reference, i.e. $D$4. Otherwise ADDRESS returns an R1C1-style reference, i.e. R4C4.

@text specifies the name of the worksheet to be used as the external reference.

If @row_num or @col_num is less than one, ADDRESS returns #VALUE! error.

### Examples

ADDRESS(5,4) equals "$D$5".

ADDRESS(5,4,4) equals "D5".

ADDRESS(5,4,3,FALSE) equals "R[5]C4".

### See also

AMORDEGRC

## AMORDEGRC

    AMORDEGRC(cost,purchase_date,first_period,salvage,period,rate[,basis])

### Description

AMORDEGRC returns the depreciation for each accounting period.@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, AMORDEGRC returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

AMORLINC

## AMORLINC

    AMORLINC(cost,purchase_date,first_period,salvage,period,rate[,basis])

### Description

AMORLINC returns the depreciation for each accounting period.@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, AMORLINC returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

AND

## AND

    AND(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

AND implements the logical AND function: the result is TRUE if all of the expressions evaluate to TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.

@b1, trough @bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered FALSE and anything else is TRUE.

If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored. If no logical values are provided, then the error #VALUE! is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

AND(TRUE,TRUE) equals TRUE.

AND(TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.

Let us assume that A1 holds number five and A2 number one. Then

AND(A1>3,A2<2) equals TRUE.

### See also

OR, NOT.

ASIN

## ASIN

    ASIN(x)

### Description

ASIN function calculates the arc sine of @x; that is the value whose sine is @x. If @x falls outside the range -1 to 1, ASIN fails and returns the #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ASIN(0.5) equals 0.523599.

ASIN(1) equals 1.570797.

### See also

SIN, COS, ASINH, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ASINH

## ASINH

    ASINH(x)

### Description

ASINH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is @x.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ASINH(0.5) equals 0.481212.

ASINH(1.0) equals 0.881374.

### See also

ASIN, ACOSH, SIN, COS, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ATAN

## ATAN

    ATAN(x)

### Description

ATAN function calculates the arc tangent of @x; that is the value whose tangent is @x. Return value is in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ATAN(0.5) equals 0,463648.

ATAN(1) equals 0,785398.

### See also

TAN, COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ATAN2

## ATAN2

    ATAN2(b1,b2)

### Description

ATAN2 function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables @b1 and @b2. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of @b2 / @b1, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result. The result is in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ATAN2(0.5,1.0) equals 1.107149.

ATAN2(-0.5,2.0) equals 1.815775.

### See also

ATAN, ATANH, COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS.

ATANH

## ATANH

    ATANH(x)

### Description

ATANH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is @x. If the absolute value of @x is greater than 1.0, ATANH returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ATANH(0.5) equals 0.549306.

ATANH(0.8) equals 1.098612.

### See also

ATAN, TAN, SIN, COS, DEGREES, RADIANS.

atl_last

## atl_last

    atl_last(tag)

### Description

### Examples

### See also

AVEDEV

## AVEDEV

    AVEDEV(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

AVEDEV returns the average of the absolute deviations of a data set from their mean.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

AVEDEV(A1:A5) equals 7.84.

### See also

STDEV.

AVERAGE

## AVERAGE

    AVERAGE(value1, value2,...)

### Description

AVERAGE computes the average of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list. This is equivalent to the sum of the arguments divided by the count of the arguments.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

AVERAGE(A1:A5) equals 23.2.

### See also

SUM, COUNT.

AVERAGEA

## AVERAGEA

    AVERAGEA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

AVERAGEA returns the average of the given arguments. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

AVERAGEA(A1:A5) equals 18.94.

### See also

AVERAGE.

BESSELI

## BESSELI

    BESSELI(x,y)

### Description

BESSELI function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned. If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BESSELI(0.7,3) equals 0.007367374.

### See also

BESSELJ, BESSELK, BESSELY.

BESSELJ

## BESSELJ

    BESSELJ(x,y)

### Description

BESSELJ function returns the bessel function with @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned. If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BESSELJ(0.89,3) equals 0.013974004.

### See also

BESSELJ, BESSELK, BESSELY.

BESSELK

## BESSELK

    BESSELK(x,y)

### Description

BESSELK function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

If x or n are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned. If y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BESSELK(3,9) equals 397.95880.

### See also

BESSELI, BESSELJ, BESSELY.

BESSELY

## BESSELY

    BESSELY(x,y)

### Description

BESSELY function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

If x or n are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned. If n < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BESSELY(4,2) equals 0.215903595.

### See also

BESSELJ, BESSELK, BESSELY.

BETADIST

## BETADIST

    BETADIST(x,alpha,beta[,a,b])

### Description

BETADIST function returns the cumulative beta distribution. @a is the optional lower bound of @x and @b is the optional upper bound of @x. If @a is not given, BETADIST uses 0. If @b is not given, BETADIST uses 1.

If @x < @a or @x > @b BETADIST returns #NUM! error. If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, BETADIST returns #NUM! error. If @a >= @b BETADIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BETADIST(0.12,2,3) equals 0.07319808.

### See also

BETAINV.

BETAINV

## BETAINV

    BETAINV(p,alpha,beta[,a,b])

### Description

BETAINV function returns the inverse of cumulative beta distribution. @a is the optional lower bound of @x and @b is the optinal upper bound of @x. If @a is not given, BETAINV uses 0. If @b is not given, BETAINV uses 1.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 BETAINV returns #NUM! error. If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, BETAINV returns #NUM! error. If @a >= @b BETAINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BETAINV(0.45,1.6,1) equals 0.607096629.

### See also

BETADIST.

BIN2DEC

## BIN2DEC

    BIN2DEC(x)

### Description

BIN2DEC function converts a binary number in string or number to its decimal equivalent.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BIN2DEC(101) equals 5.

### See also

DEC2BIN, BIN2OCT, BIN2HEX.

BIN2HEX

## BIN2HEX

    BIN2HEX(number[,places])

### Description

BIN2HEX function converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BIN2HEX(100111) equals 27.

### See also

HEX2BIN, BIN2OCT, BIN2DEC.

BIN2OCT

## BIN2OCT

    BIN2OCT(number[,places])

### Description

BIN2OCT function converts a binary number to an octal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BIN2OCT(110111) equals 67.

### See also

OCT2BIN, BIN2DEC, BIN2HEX.

BINOMDIST

## BINOMDIST

    BINOMDIST(n,trials,p,cumulative)

### Description

BINOMDIST function returns the binomial distribution. @n is the number of successes, @trials is the total number of independent trials, @p is the probability of success in trials, and @cumulative describes whether to return the sum of thebinomial function from 0 to @n.

If @n or @trials are non-integer they are truncated. If @n < 0 or @trials < 0 BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error. If @n > trials BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error. If @p < 0 or @p > 1 BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

BINOMDIST(3,5,0.8,0) equals 0.2048.

### See also

POISSON.

BITAND

## BITAND

    BITAND(a,b)

### Description

The BITAND function returns bitwise and-ing of its arguments.

### Examples

### See also

BITOR, BITXOR.

BITLSHIFT

## BITLSHIFT

    BITLSHIFT(x,n)

### Description

The BITLSHIFT function returns @x bit-shifted left by @n bits.

If @n is negative, a right shift will in effect be performed.

### Examples

### See also

BITRSHIFT.

BITOR

## BITOR

    BITOR(a,b)

### Description

The BITOR function returns bitwise or-ing of its arguments.

### Examples

### See also

BITXOR, BITAND.

BITRSHIFT

## BITRSHIFT

    BITRSHIFT(x,n)

### Description

The BITRSHIFT function returns @x bit-shifted right by @n bits.

If @n is negative, a left shift will in effect be performed.

### Examples

### See also

BITLSHIFT.

BITXOR

## BITXOR

    BITXOR(a,b)

### Description

The BITXOR function returns bitwise exclusive or-ing of its arguments.

### Examples

### See also

BITOR, BITAND.

CEIL

## CEIL

    CEIL(x)

### Description

CEIL function rounds @x up to the next nearest integer.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CEIL(0.4) equals 1.

CEIL(-1.1) equals -1.

CEIL(-2.9) equals -2.

### See also

ABS, FLOOR, INT.

CEILING

## CEILING

    CEILING(x,significance)

### Description

CEILING function rounds @x up to the nearest multiple of @significance.

If @x or @significance is non-numeric CEILING returns #VALUE! error. If @x and @significance have different signs CEILING returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CEILING(2.43,1) equals 3.

CEILING(123.123,3) equals 126.

### See also

CEIL.

CELL

## CELL

    CELL(type,ref)

### Description

CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.

@type specifies the type of information you want to obtain:

address Returns the given cell reference as text.

col Returns the number of the column in @ref.

contents Returns the contents of the cell in @ref.

format Returns the code of the format of the cell.

parentheses Returns 1 if @ref contains a negative value

and it's format displays it with parentheses.

row Returns the number of the row in @ref.

width Returns the column width.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CEll("format",A1) returns the code of the format of the cell A1.

### See also

CHAR

## CHAR

    CHAR(x)

### Description

CHAR returns the ASCII character represented by the number @x.

### Examples

CHAR(65) equals A.

### See also

CODE.

CHIDIST

## CHIDIST

    CHIDIST(x,dof)

### Description

CHIDIST function returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. @dof is the number of degrees of freedom.

If @dof is non-integer it is truncated. If @dof < 1 CHIDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CHIDIST(5.3,2) equals 0.070651213.

### See also

CHIINV, CHITEST.

CHIINV

## CHIINV

    CHIINV(p,dof)

### Description

CHIINV function returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @dof < 1 CHIINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CHIINV(0.98,7) equals 1.564293004.

### See also

CHIDIST, CHITEST.

CHITEST

## CHITEST

    CHITEST(actual_range,theoretical_range)

### Description

CHITEST function returns the test for independence of chi-squared distribution.

@actual_range is a range that contains the observed data points. @theoretical_range is a range that contains the expected values of the data points.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

CHIDIST, CHIINV.

CHOOSE

## CHOOSE

    CHOOSE(index[,value1][,value2]...)

### Description

CHOOSE returns the value of index @index. @index is rounded to an integer if it is not.

If @index < 1 or @index > number of values: returns #VAL!.

### Examples

CHOOSE(3,"Apple","Orange","Grape","Perry") equals "Grape".

### See also

IF.

CLEAN

## CLEAN

    CLEAN(string)

### Description

CLEAN removes any non-printable characters from @string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CLEAN("one"\&char(7)) equals "one".

### See also

CODE

## CODE

    CODE(char)

### Description

CODE returns the ASCII number for the character @char.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CODE("A") equals 65.

### See also

CHAR.

COLUMN

## COLUMN

    COLUMN([reference])

### Description

COLUMN function returns an array of the column numbers taking a default argument of the containing cell position.

If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range returns #VALUE!.

### Examples

COLUMN() in E1 equals 5.

### See also

COLUMNS, ROW, ROWS.

COLUMNS

## COLUMNS

    COLUMNS(reference)

### Description

COLUMNS function returns the number of columns in area or array reference.

If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range returns #VALUE!.

### Examples

COLUMNS(H2:J3) equals 3.

### See also

COLUMN, ROW, ROWS.

COMBIN

## COMBIN

    COMBIN(n,k)

### Description

COMBIN computes the number of combinations.

Performing this function on a non-integer or a negative number returns an error. Also if @n is less than @k returns an error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

COMBIN(8,6) equals 28.

COMBIN(6,2) equals 15.

### See also

COMPLEX

## COMPLEX

    COMPLEX(real,im[,suffix])

### Description

COMPLEX returns a complex number of the form x + yi. @real is the real and @im is the imaginary coefficient of the complex number. @suffix is the suffix for the imaginary coefficient. If it is omitted, COMPLEX uses 'i' by default.

If @suffix is neither 'i' nor 'j', COMPLEX returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

COMPLEX(1,-1) equals 1-i.

### See also

CONCATENATE

## CONCATENATE

    CONCATENATE(string1[,string2...])

### Description

CONCATENATE returns up appended strings.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CONCATENATE("aa","bb") equals "aabb".

### See also

LEFT, MID, RIGHT.

CONFIDENCE

## CONFIDENCE

    CONFIDENCE(x,stddev,size)

### Description

CONFIDENCE function returns the confidence interval for a mean. @x is the significance level, @stddev is the population standard deviation, and @size is the size of the sample.

If @size is non-integer it is truncated. If @size < 0 CONFIDENCE returns #NUM! error. If @size is 0 CONFIDENCE returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CONFIDENCE(0.05,1,33) equals 0.341185936.

### See also

AVERAGE.

CONVERT

## CONVERT

    CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit)

### Description

CONVERT returns a conversion from one measurement system to another. For example, you can convert a weight in pounds to a weight in grams. @number is the value you want to convert, @from_unit specifies the unit of the @number, and @to_unit is the unit for the result.

@from_unit and @to_unit can be any of the following:

Weight and mass:

'g' Gram

'sg' Slug

'lbm' Pound

'u' U (atomic mass)

'ozm' Ounce

Distance:

'm' Meter

'mi' Statute mile

'Nmi' Nautical mile

'in' Inch

'ft' Foot

'yd' Yard

'ang' Angstrom

'Pica' Pica

Time:

'yr' Year

'day' Day

'hr' Hour

'mn' Minute

'sec' Second

Pressure:

'Pa' Pascal

'atm' Atmosphere

'mmHg' mm of Mercury

Force:

'N' Newton

'dyn' Dyne

'lbf' Pound force

Energy:

'J' Joule

'e' Erg

'c' Thermodynamic calorie

'cal' IT calorie

'eV' Electron volt

'HPh' Horsepower-hour

'Wh' Watt-hour

'flb' Foot-pound

'BTU' BTU

Power:

'HP' Horsepower

'W' Watt

Magnetism:

'T' Tesla

'ga' Gauss

Temperature:

'C' Degree Celsius

'F' Degree Fahrenheit

'K' Degree Kelvin

Liquid measure:

'tsp' Teaspoon

'tbs' Tablespoon

'oz' Fluid ounce

'cup' Cup

'pt' Pint

'qt' Quart

'gal' Gallon

'l' Liter

For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used:

'E' exa 1E+18

'P' peta 1E+15

'T' tera 1E+12

'G' giga 1E+09

'M' mega 1E+06

'k' kilo 1E+03

'h' hecto 1E+02

'e' dekao 1E+01

'd' deci 1E-01

'c' centi 1E-02

'm' milli 1E-03

'u' micro 1E-06

'n' nano 1E-09

'p' pico 1E-12

'f' femto 1E-15

'a' atto 1E-18

If @from_unit and @to_unit are different types, CONVERT returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CONVERT(3,"lbm","g") equals 1360.7769.

CONVERT(5.8,"m","in") equals 228.3465.

CONVERT(7.9,"cal","J") equals 33.07567.

### See also

CORREL

## CORREL

    CORREL(array1,array2)

### Description

CORREL returns the correlation coefficient of two data sets.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

CORREL(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 0.996124788.

### See also

COVAR, FISHER, FISHERINV.

COS

## COS

    COS(x)

### Description

COS function returns the cosine of @x, where @x is given in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

COS(0.5) equals 0.877583.

COS(1) equals 0.540302.

### See also

COSH, SIN, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES.

COSH

## COSH

    COSH(x)

### Description

COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of @x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(@x) + exp(-@x)) / 2. @x is in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

COSH(0.5) equals 1.127626.

COSH(1) equals 1.543081.

### See also

COS, SIN, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES, EXP.

COUNT

## COUNT

    COUNT(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

COUNT returns the total number of integer or floating point arguments passed.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

COUNT(A1:A5) equals 5.

### See also

AVERAGE.

COUNTA

## COUNTA

    COUNTA(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

COUNTA returns the number of arguments passed not including empty cells.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, "missing", "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

COUNTA(A1:A5) equals 5.

### See also

AVERAGE, COUNT, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, PRODUCT, SUM.

COUNTBLANK

## COUNTBLANK

    COUNTBLANK(range)

### Description

COUNTBLANK returns the number of blank cells in a @range.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

COUNTBLANK(A1:A20) returns the number of blank cell in A1:A20.

### See also

COUNT.

COUNTIF

## COUNTIF

    COUNTIF(range,criteria)

### Description

COUNTIF function counts the number of cells in the given @range that meet the given @criteria.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39. Then

COUNTIF(A1:A5,"<=28") equals 3.

COUNTIF(A1:A5,"<28") equals 2.

COUNTIF(A1:A5,"28") equals 1.

COUNTIF(A1:A5,">28") equals 2.

### See also

COUNT, SUMIF.

COUPDAYBS

## COUPDAYBS

    COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])

### Description

COUPDAYBS returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

(see the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases)

If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYBS returns #NUM! error.

If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.

If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPDAYBS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 89

COUPDAYBS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 0

### See also

COUPDAYS

## COUPDAYS

    COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])

### Description

COUPDAYS returns the number of days in the coupon period of the settlement date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

(see the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases)

If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYS returns #NUM! error.

If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.

If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 90

COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 90

COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,1,FALSE) = 91

### See also

COUPDAYSNC

## COUPDAYSNC

    COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])

### Description

COUPDAYSNC returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

(see the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases)

If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYSNC returns #NUM! error.

If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.

If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPDAYSNC (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 1

COUPDAYSNC (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 89

### See also

COUPNCD

## COUPNCD

    COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])

### Description

COUPNCD returns the coupon date following settlement.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

(see the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases)

If @frequency is invalid, COUPNCD returns #NUM! error.

If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.

If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPNCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 30-Nov-2002

COUPNCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 28-Feb-2003

### See also

COUPNUM

## COUPNUM

    COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])

### Description

COUPNUM returns the numbers of coupons to be paid between the settlement and maturity dates, rounded up.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, COUPNUM returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPNUM (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 6

COUPNUM (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 5

### See also

COUPPCD

## COUPPCD

    COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])

### Description

COUPPCD returns the coupon date preceeding settlement.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.

Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

5 European+ 30/360

(see the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases)

If @frequency is invalid, COUPPCD returns #NUM! error.

If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.

If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

COUPPCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 31-AUG-2002

COUPPCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 29-Nov-2002

### See also

COVAR

## COVAR

    COVAR(array1,array2)

### Description

COVAR returns the covariance of two data sets.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

COVAR(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 65.858.

### See also

CORREL, FISHER, FISHERINV.

CRITBINOM

## CRITBINOM

    CRITBINOM(trials,p,alpha)

### Description

CRITBINOM function returns the smallest value for which thecumulative is greater than or equal to a given value. @n is the number of trials, @p is the probability of success in trials, and @alpha is the criterion value.

If @trials is a non-integer it is truncated. If @trials < 0 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error. If @p < 0 or @p > 1 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error. If @alpha < 0 or @alpha > 1 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

CRITBINOM(10,0.5,0.75) equals 6.

### See also

BINOMDIST.

CUMIPMT

## CUMIPMT

    CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)

### Description

CUMIPMT returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between @start_period and @end_period.

### Examples

### See also

CUMPRINC

## CUMPRINC

    CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)

### Description

CUMPRINC returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between @start_period and @end_period.

### Examples

### See also

DATE

## DATE

    DATE (year,month,day)

### Description

DATE returns the number of days since the 1st of january of 1900(the date serial number) for the given year, month and day.

If @month < 1 or @month > 12, the year will be corrected. A similar correction takes place for days.

The @years should be at least 1900. If @years < 1900, it is assumed to be 1900 + @years.

If the given date is not valid, DATE returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DATE(2001, 3, 30) returns 'Mar 30, 2001'.

### See also

TODAY, NOW.

DATE2UNIX

## DATE2UNIX

    DATE2UNIX(serial)

### Description

DATE2UNIX converts a spreadsheet date and time serial number into a unix time.

A unix time is the number of seconds since midnight January 1, 1970.

### Examples

### See also

NOW, DATE, UNIX2DATE.

DATEDIF

## DATEDIF

    DATEDIF(date1,date2,interval)

### Description

DATEDIF returns the difference between two dates. @interval is one of six possible values: "y", "m", "d", "ym", "md", and "yd".

The first three options will return the number of complete years, months, or days, respectively, between the two dates specified.

"ym" will return the number of full months between the two dates, not including the difference in years.

"md" will return the number of full days between the two dates, not including the difference in months.

"yd" will return the number of full days between the two dates, not including the difference in years.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DATEDIF(DATE(2000,4,30),DATE(2003,8,4),"d") equals 1191.

DATEDIF(DATE(2000,4,30),DATE(2003,8,4),"y") equals 3.

### See also

DATE.

DATEVALUE

## DATEVALUE

    DATEVALUE(date_str)

### Description

DATEVALUE returns the serial number of the date. @date_str is the string that contains the date.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DATEVALUE("1/1/1999") equals 36161.

### See also

DATE.

DAVERAGE

## DAVERAGE

    DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DAVERAGE function returns the average of the values in a list or database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 42296.3333.

DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Age", A9:A11) equals 39.

DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 40782.5.

DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 36.

### See also

DCOUNT.

DAY

## DAY

    DAY (serial_number)

### Description

DAY converts a serial number to a day of month.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DAY("10/24/1968") equals 24.

### See also

MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR.

DAYS360

## DAYS360

    DAYS360 (date1,date2,method)

### Description

DAYS360 returns the number of days from @date1 to @date2 following a 360-day calendar in which all months are assumed to have 30 days.

If @method is true, the European method will be used. In this case, if the day of the month is 31 it will be considered as 30.

If @method is false or omitted, the US method will be used. This is a somewhat complicated industry standard method.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DAYS360(DATE(2003, 2, 3), DATE(2007, 4, 2)) equals 1499.

### See also

MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR.

DB

## DB

    DB(cost,salvage,life,period[,month])

### Description

DB calculates the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the fixed-declining balance method. @cost is the initial value of the asset. @salvage is the value after the depreciation. @life is the number of periods overall. @period is the period for which you want the depreciation to be calculated. @month is the number of months in the first year of depreciation. If @month is omitted, it is assumed to be 12.

### Examples

### See also

DDB, SLN, SYD.

DCOUNT

## DCOUNT

    DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DCOUNT function counts the cells that contain numbers in a database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 3.

DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 2.

DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Name", A9:B11) equals 0.

### See also

DAVERAGE.

DCOUNTA

## DCOUNTA

    DCOUNTA(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DCOUNTA function counts the cells that contain data in a database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 3.

DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 2.

DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Name", A9:B11) equals 2.

### See also

DCOUNT.

DDB

## DDB

    DDB(cost,salvage,life,period[,factor])

### Description

DDB returns the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the double-declining balance method or some other similar method you specify. @cost is the initial value of the asset, @salvage is the value after the last period, @life is the number of periods, @period is the period for which you want the depreciation to be calculated, and @factor is the factor at which the balance declines. If @factor is omitted, it is assumed to be two (double-declining balance method).

### Examples

### See also

SLN, SYD.

DEC2BIN

## DEC2BIN

    DEC2BIN(number[,places])

### Description

DEC2BIN function converts a decimal number to a binary number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DEC2BIN(42) equals 101010.

### See also

BIN2DEC, DEC2OCT, DEC2HEX.

DEC2HEX

## DEC2HEX

    DEC2HEX(number[,places])

### Description

DEC2HEX function converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DEC2HEX(42) equals 2A.

### See also

HEX2DEC, DEC2BIN, DEC2OCT.

DEC2OCT

## DEC2OCT

    DEC2OCT(number[,places])

### Description

DEC2OCT function converts a decimal number to an octal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DEC2OCT(42) equals 52.

### See also

OCT2DEC, DEC2BIN, DEC2HEX.

DEGREES

## DEGREES

    DEGREES(x)

### Description

DEGREES computes the number of degrees equivalent to @x radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DEGREES(2.5) equals 143.2394.

### See also

RADIANS, PI.

DELTA

## DELTA

    DELTA(x[,y])

### Description

DELTA function tests for numerical equivalence of two arguments, returning 1 in case of equality. @y is optional, and defaults to 0.

If either argument is non-numeric returns a #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DELTA(42.99,43) equals 0.

### See also

EXACT, GESTEP.

DEVSQ

## DEVSQ

    DEVSQ(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

DEVSQ returns the sum of squares of deviations of a data set from the sample mean.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

DEVSQ(A1:A5) equals 470.56.

### See also

STDEV.

DGET

## DGET

    DGET(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DGET function returns a single value from a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

If none of the items match the conditions, DGET returns #VALUE! error. If more than one items match the conditions, DGET returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

DGET(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A10) equals 34323.

DGET(A1:C7, "Name", A9:A10) equals "Clark".

### See also

DCOUNT.

DISC

## DISC

    DISC(settlement,maturity,par,redemption[,basis])

### Description

DISC calculates and returns the discount rate for a sequrity. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @par is the price per $100 face value of the security. @redemption is the redeption value per $100 face value of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, DISC returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, DISC returns #NUM! error. If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, DISC returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

DMAX

## DMAX

    DMAX(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DMAX function returns the largest number in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DMAX(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 47242.

DMAX(A1:C7, "Age", A9:A11) equals 45.

DMAX(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 43.

### See also

DMIN.

DMIN

## DMIN

    DMIN(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DMIN function returns the smallest number in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DMIN(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 34323.

DMIN(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 29.

### See also

DMAX.

DOLLAR

## DOLLAR

    DOLLAR(num[,decimals])

### Description

DOLLAR returns @num formatted as currency.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DOLLAR(12345) equals "$12,345.00".

### See also

FIXED, TEXT, VALUE.

DOLLARDE

## DOLLARDE

    DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)

### Description

DOLLARDE converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction into a dollar price expressed as a decimal number. @fractional_dollar is the fractional number to be converted. @fraction is the denominator of the fraction.

If @fraction is non-integer it is truncated. If @fraction <= 0, DOLLARDE returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

DOLLARFR.

DOLLARFR

## DOLLARFR

    DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)

### Description

DOLLARFR converts a decimal dollar price into a dollar price expressed as a fraction.

If @fraction is non-integer it is truncated. If @fraction <= 0, DOLLARFR returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

DOLLARDE.

DPRODUCT

## DPRODUCT

    DPRODUCT(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DPRODUCT function returns the product of numbers in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DPRODUCT(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 1247.

### See also

DSUM.

DSTDEV

## DSTDEV

    DSTDEV(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DSTDEV function returns the estimate of the standard deviation of a population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DSTDEV(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 9.89949.

DSTDEV(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 9135.112506.

### See also

DSTDEVP.

DSTDEVP

## DSTDEVP

    DSTDEVP(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DSTDEVP function returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DSTDEVP(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 7.

DSTDEVP(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 6459.5.

### See also

DSTDEV.

DSUM

## DSUM

    DSUM(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DSUM function returns the sum of numbers in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DSUM(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 72.

DSUM(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 81565.

### See also

DPRODUCT.

DURATION

## DURATION

    DURATION(rate,pv,fv)

### Description

DURATION calculates number of periods needed for an investment to attain a desired value. This function is similar to FV and PV with a difference that we do not need give the direction of cash flows e.g. -100 for a cash outflow and +100 for a cash inflow.

### Examples

### See also

PPMT, PV, FV.

DVAR

## DVAR

    DVAR(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DVAR function returns the estimate of variance of a population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DVAR(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 98.

DVAR(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 83450280.5.

### See also

DVARP.

DVARP

## DVARP

    DVARP(database,field,criteria)

### Description

DVARP function returns the variance of a population based on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column.

@field specifies which column is used in the function. If @field is an integer, for example. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range.

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions. The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in @database matches with one of the rows in @criteria then that row is counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in @criteria). If @criteria specifies more than one columns then each of the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in @database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the columns in each row in @criteria).

### Examples

Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:

Name Age Salary

John 34 54342

Bill 35 22343

Clark 29 34323

Bob 43 47242

Susan 37 42932

Jill 45 45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:

Age Salary

<30

>40 >46000

### Examples

DVARP(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 49.

DVARP(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 41725140.25.

### See also

DVAR.

EDATE

## EDATE

    EDATE(date,months)

### Description

EDATE returns the serial number of the date that is the specified number of months before or after a given date. @date is the serial number of the initial date and @months is the number of months before (negative number) or after (positive number) the initial date.

This function is Excel compatible.

If @months is not an integer, it is truncated.

### Examples

EDATE(DATE(2001,12,30),2) returns 'Feb 28, 2002'.

### See also

DATE.

EFFECT

## EFFECT

    EFFECT(r,nper)

### Description

EFFECT calculates the effective interest rate from a given nominal rate.

Effective interest rate is calculated using this formula:

(1 + @r / @nper) ^ @nper - 1

where:

@r = nominal interest rate (stated in yearly terms)

@nper = number of periods used for compounding

### Examples

For example credit cards will list an APR (annual percentage rate) which is a nominal interest rate.

For example if you wanted to find out how much you are actually paying interest on your credit card that states an APR of 19% that is compounded monthly you would type in:

=EFFECT(.19,12) and you would get .2075 or 20.75%. That is the effective percentage you will pay on your loan.

### See also

NOMINAL.

EOMONTH

## EOMONTH

    EOMONTH (start_date,months)

### Description

EOMONTH returns the last day of the month which is @months from the @start_date.

Returns #NUM! if start_date or months are invalid.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

If A1 contains 12/21/00 then EOMONTH(A1,0)=12/31/00, EOMONTH(A1,5)=5/31/01, and EOMONTH(A1,2)=2/28/01

### See also

MONTH.

ERF

## ERF

    ERF([lower limit,]upper_limit)

### Description

With a single argument ERF returns the error function, defined as erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt. If two arguments are supplied, they are the lower and upper limits of the integral.

If either @lower_limit or @upper_limit is not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.

This function is upward-compatible with that in Excel. (If two arguments are supplied, Excel will not allow either to be negative.)

### Examples

ERF(0.4) equals 0.428392355.

ERF(1.6448536269515/SQRT(2)) equals 0.90.

The second example shows that a random variable with a normal distribution has a 90 percent chance of falling within approximately 1.645 standard deviations of the mean.

### See also

ERFC.

ERFC

## ERFC

    ERFC(x)

### Description

ERFC function returns the complementary error function, defined as 1 - erf(x). erfc(x) is calculated more accurately than 1 - erf(x) for arguments larger than about 0.5.

If @x is not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.

### Examples

ERFC(6) equals 2.15197367e-17.

### See also

ERF.

ERROR

## ERROR

    ERROR(text)

### Description

ERROR return the specified error.

### Examples

ERROR("#OWN ERROR").

### See also

ISERROR.

ERROR.TYPE

## ERROR.TYPE

    ERROR(value)

### Description

ERROR.TYPE returns an error number corresponding to the given error value. The error numbers for error values are

#DIV/0! 2

#VALUE! 3

#REF! 4

#NAME? 5

#NUM! 6

#N/A 7

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ERROR.TYPE(NA()) equals 7.

### See also

ISERROR.

EURO

## EURO

    EURO(currency)

### Description

EURO converts one Euro to a given national currency in the European monetary union. @currency is one of the following:

ATS (Austria)

BEF (Belgium)

DEM (Germany)

ESP (Spain)

FIM (Finland)

FRF (France)

IEP (Ireland)

ITL (Italy)

LUF (Luxemburg)

NLG (Netherlands)

PTE (Portugal)

If the given @currency is other than one of the above, EURO returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

EURO("DEM") returns 1.95583.

### See also

EVEN

## EVEN

    EVEN(number)

### Description

EVEN function returns the number rounded up to the nearest even integer.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

EVEN(5.4) equals 6.

### See also

ODD.

EXACT

## EXACT

    EXACT(string1, string2)

### Description

EXACT returns true if @string1 is exactly equal to @string2 (this routine is case sensitive).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

EXACT("key","key") equals TRUE.

EXACT("key","Key") equals FALSE.

### See also

LEN, SEARCH, DELTA.

EXP

## EXP

    EXP(x)

### Description

EXP computes the value of e (the base of natural logarithmns) raised to the power of @x.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

EXP(2) equals 7.389056.

### See also

LOG, LOG2, LOG10.

EXPONDIST

## EXPONDIST

    EXPONDIST(x,y,cumulative)

### Description

EXPONDIST function returns the exponential distribution. If the @cumulative boolean is false it will return: @y * exp (-@y*@x), otherwise it will return 1 - exp (-@y*@x).

If @x < 0 or @y <= 0 this will return an error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

EXPONDIST(2,4,0) equals 0.001341851.

### See also

POISSON.

EXPRESSION

## EXPRESSION

    EXPRESSION(cell)

### Description

EXPRESSION returns expression in @cell as a string, or empty if the cell is not an expression.

### Examples

in A1 EXPRESSION(A2) equals 'EXPRESSION(A3)'.

in A2 EXPRESSION(A3) equals empty.

### See also

TEXT.

FACT

## FACT

    FACT(x)

### Description

FACT computes the factorial of @x. ie, @x!

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FACT(3) equals 6.

FACT(9) equals 362880.

### See also

FACTDOUBLE

## FACTDOUBLE

    FACTDOUBLE(number)

### Description

FACTDOUBLE function returns the double factorial of a @number, i.e., x!!.

If @number is not an integer, it is truncated. If @number is negative FACTDOUBLE returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FACTDOUBLE(5) equals 15.

### See also

FACT.

FALSE

## FALSE

    FALSE()

### Description

FALSE returns boolean value false.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FALSE() equals FALSE.

### See also

TRUE.

FDIST

## FDIST

    FDIST(x,dof1,dof2)

### Description

FDIST function returns the F probability distribution. @dof1 is the numerator degrees of freedom and @dof2 is the denominator degrees of freedom.

If @x < 0 FDIST returns #NUM! error. If @dof1 < 1 or @dof2 < 1, FDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FDIST(2,5,5) equals 0.232511319.

### See also

FINV.

FIND

## FIND

    FIND(string1,string2[,start])

### Description

FIND returns position of @string1 in @string2 (case-sensitive), searching only from character @start onwards (assuming 1 if omitted).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FIND("ac","Jack") equals 2.

### See also

EXACT, LEN, MID, SEARCH.

FINV

## FINV

    FINV(p,dof1,dof2)

### Description

FINV function returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 FINV returns #NUM! error. If @dof1 < 1 or @dof2 < 1 FINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FINV(0.2,2,4) equals 2.472135955.

### See also

FDIST.

FISHER

## FISHER

    FISHER(x)

### Description

FISHER function returns the Fisher transformation at @x.

If @x is not-number FISHER returns #VALUE! error. If @x <= -1 or @x >= 1 FISHER returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FISHER(0.332) equals 0.345074339.

### See also

SKEW.

FISHERINV

## FISHERINV

    FISHERINV(x)

### Description

FISHERINV function returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation at @x.

If @x is non-number FISHERINV returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FISHERINV(2) equals 0.96402758.

### See also

FISHER.

FIXED

## FIXED

    FIXED(num,[decimals, no_commas])

### Description

FIXED returns @num as a formatted string with @decimals numbers after the decimal point, omitting commas if requested by @no_commas.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FIXED(1234.567,2) equals "1,234.57".

### See also

FLOOR

## FLOOR

    FLOOR(x,significance)

### Description

FLOOR function rounds @x down to the next nearest multiple of @significance. @significance defaults to 1.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

FLOOR(0.5) equals 0.

FLOOR(5,2) equals 4.

FLOOR(-5,-2) equals -4.

FLOOR(-5,2) equals #NUM!.

### See also

CEIL, ABS, INT.

FORECAST

## FORECAST

    FORECAST(x,known_y's,known_x's)

### Description

FORECAST function estimates a future value according to existing values using simple linear regression. The estimated future value is a y-value for a given x-value (@x).

If @known_x or @known_y contains no data entries or different number of data entries, FORECAST returns #N/A error. If the variance of the @known_x is zero, FORECAST returns #DIV/0 error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

FORECAST(7,A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -10.859397661.

### See also

INTERCEPT, TREND.

FREQUENCY

## FREQUENCY

    FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)

### Description

FREQUENCY function counts how often given values occur within a range of values. The results are given as an array.

@data_array is a data array for which you want to count the frequencies. @bin_array is an array containing the intervals into which you want to group the values in data_array. If the @bin_array is empty, FREQUENCY returns the number of data points in @data_array.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

FTEST

## FTEST

    FTEST(array1,array2)

### Description

FTEST function returns the two-tailed probability that the variances in the given two data sets are not significantly different.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

FTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 0.510815017.

### See also

FDIST, FINV.

FV

## FV

    FV(rate,term,pmt,pv,type)

### Description

FV computes the future value of an investment. This is based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest rate per period is @rate, @term is the number of periods in an annuity, @pmt is the payment made each period, @pv is the present value and @type is when the payment is made. If @type = 1 then the payment is made at the begining of the period. If @type = 0 it is made at the end of each period.

### Examples

### See also

PV, PMT, PPMT.

FVSCHEDULE

## FVSCHEDULE

    FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)

### Description

FVSCHEDULE returns the future value of given initial value after applying a series of compound periodic interest rates. The argument @principal is the present value; @schedule is an array of interest rates to apply. The @schedule argument must be a range of cells.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain interest rates 0.11, 0.13, 0.09, 0.17, and 0.03. Then

FVSCHEDULE(3000,A1:A5) equals 4942.7911611.

### See also

PV, FV.

G_PRODUCT

## G_PRODUCT

    G_PRODUCT(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list. Empty cells are ignored and the empty product is 1.

### Examples

G_PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.

### See also

SUM, COUNT.

GAMMADIST

## GAMMADIST

    GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cum)

### Description

GAMMADIST function returns the gamma distribution. If @cum is TRUE, GAMMADIST returns the incomplete gamma function, otherwise it returns the probability mass function.

If @x < 0 GAMMADIST returns #NUM! error. If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, GAMMADIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

GAMMADIST(1,2,3,0) equals 0.07961459.

### See also

GAMMAINV.

GAMMAINV

## GAMMAINV

    GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta)

### Description

GAMMAINV function returns the inverse of the cumulative gamma distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 GAMMAINV returns #NUM! error. If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0 GAMMAINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

GAMMAINV(0.34,2,4) equals 4.829093908.

### See also

GAMMADIST.

GAMMALN

## GAMMALN

    GAMMALN(x)

### Description

GAMMALN function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.

If @x is non-number then GAMMALN returns #VALUE! error. If @x <= 0 then GAMMALN returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

GAMMALN(23) equals 48.471181352.

### See also

POISSON.

GCD

## GCD

    GCD(number1,number2,...)

### Description

GCD returns the greatest common divisor of given numbers.

If any of the arguments is less than zero, GCD returns #NUM! error. If any of the arguments is non-integer, it is truncated.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

GCD(470,770) equals to 10.

GCD(470,770,1495) equals to 5.

### See also

LCM.

GEOMEAN

## GEOMEAN

    GEOMEAN(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

GEOMEAN returns the geometric mean of the given arguments. This is equal to the Nth root of the product of the terms.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

GEOMEAN(A1:A5) equals 21.279182482.

### See also

AVERAGE, HARMEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, TRIMMEAN.

GESTEP

## GESTEP

    GESTEP(x[,y])

### Description

GESTEP function test for if @x is >= @y, returning 1 if it is so, and 0 otherwise. @y is optional, and defaults to 0.

If either argument is non-numeric returns a #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

GESTEP(5,4) equals 1.

### See also

DELTA.

GETENV

## GETENV

    GETENV(string)

### Description

GETENV retrieves a value from the execution environment.

If the variable specified by @STRING does not exist, #N/A! will be returned. Note, that variable names are case sensitive.

### Examples

### See also

GETPIVOTDATA

## GETPIVOTDATA

    GETPIVOTDATA(pivot_table,field_name)

### Description

GETPIVOTDATA function fetches summary data from a pivot table. @pivot_table is a cell range containing the pivot table. @field_name is the name of the field of which you want the summary data.

If the summary data is unavailable, GETPIVOTDATA returns #REF! error.

### Examples

### See also

GNUMERIC_VERSION

## GNUMERIC_VERSION

    GNUMERIC_VERSION()

### Description

GNUMERIC_VERSION return the version of gnumeric as a string.

### Examples

GNUMERIC_VERSION().

### See also

GROWTH

## GROWTH

    GROWTH(known_y's[,known_x's,new_x's,const])

### Description

GROWTH function applies the ``least squares'' method to fit an exponential curve to your data and predicts the exponential growth by using this curve.

If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. If @new_x's is omitted, it is assumed to be the same as @known_x's.

GROWTH returns an array having one column and a row for each data point in @new_x.

If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, GROWTH returns #NUM! error.

If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through the origin, i.e., b will be zero. The default is TRUE.

### Examples

### See also

LOGEST, GROWTH, TREND.

HARMEAN

## HARMEAN

    HARMEAN(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

HARMEAN returns the harmonic mean of the N data points (that is, N divided by the sum of the inverses of the data points).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

HARMEAN(A1:A5) equals 19.529814427.

### See also

AVERAGE, GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, TRIMMEAN.

HEX2BIN

## HEX2BIN

    HEX2BIN(number[,places])

### Description

HEX2BIN function converts a hexadecimal number to a binary number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

HEX2BIN("2A") equals 101010.

### See also

BIN2HEX, HEX2OCT, HEX2DEC.

HEX2DEC

## HEX2DEC

    HEX2DEC(x)

### Description

HEX2DEC function converts a hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalent.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

HEX2DEC("2A") equals 42.

### See also

DEC2HEX, HEX2BIN, HEX2OCT.

HEX2OCT

## HEX2OCT

    HEX2OCT(number[,places])

### Description

HEX2OCT function converts a hexadecimal number to an octal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

HEX2OCT("2A") equals 52.

### See also

OCT2HEX, HEX2BIN, HEX2DEC.

HLOOKUP

## HLOOKUP

    HLOOKUP(value,range,row[,approximate,as_index])

### Description

HLOOKUP function finds the col in range that has a first row cell similar to value. If @approximate is not true it finds the col with an exact equivilance. If @approximate is true, then the values must be sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case it finds the col with value less than @value it returns the value in the col found at a 1 based offset in @row rows into the @range. @as_index returns the offset that matched rather than the value

Returns #NUM! if @row < 0. Returns #REF! if @row falls outside @range.

### Examples

### See also

VLOOKUP.

HOUR

## HOUR

    HOUR (serial_number)

### Description

HOUR converts a serial number to an hour. The hour is returned as an integer in the range 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

HOUR(0.128472) equals 3.

### See also

MINUTE, NOW, TIME, SECOND.

HYPERLINK

## HYPERLINK

    HYPERLINK(link_location, optional_label)

### Description

HYPERLINK function currently returns its 2nd argument, or if that is omitted the 1st argument.

### Examples

HYPERLINK("www.gnome.org","GNOME").

### See also

HYPGEOMDIST

## HYPGEOMDIST

    HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,M,N)

### Description

HYPGEOMDIST function returns the hypergeometric distribution. @x is the number of successes in the sample, @n is the number of trials, @M is the number of successes overall, and @N is thepopulation size.

If @x,@n,@M or @N is a non-integer it is truncated. If @x,@n,@M or @N < 0 HYPGEOMDIST returns #NUM! error. If @x > @M or @n > @N HYPGEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

HYPGEOMDIST(1,2,3,10) equals 0.4666667.

### See also

BINOMDIST, POISSON.

IF

## IF

    IF(condition[,if-true,if-false])

### Description

Use the IF statement to evaluate conditionally other expressions IF evaluates @condition. If @condition returns a non-zero value the result of the IF expression is the @if-true expression, otherwise IF evaluates to the value of @if-false. If ommitted @if-true defaults to TRUE and @if-false to FALSE.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IF(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.

### See also

IMABS

## IMABS

    IMABS(inumber)

### Description

IMABS returns the absolute value of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMABS("2-j") equals 2.23606798.

### See also

IMAGINARY, IMREAL.

IMAGINARY

## IMAGINARY

    IMAGINARY(inumber)

### Description

IMAGINARY returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMAGINARY("132-j") equals -1.

### See also

IMREAL.

IMARGUMENT

## IMARGUMENT

    IMARGUMENT(inumber)

### Description

IMARGUMENT returns the argument theta of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMARGUMENT("2-j") equals -0.463647609.

### See also

IMCONJUGATE

## IMCONJUGATE

    IMCONJUGATE(inumber)

### Description

IMCONJUGATE returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMCONJUGATE("1-j") equals 1+j.

### See also

IMAGINARY, IMREAL.

IMCOS

## IMCOS

    IMCOS(inumber)

### Description

IMCOS returns the cosine of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMCOS("1+j") equals 0.833730-0.988898j.

### See also

IMSIN, IMTAN.

IMDIV

## IMDIV

    IMDIV(inumber,inumber)

### Description

IMDIV returns the quotient of two complex numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMDIV("2-j","2+j") equals 0.6-0.8j.

### See also

IMPRODUCT.

IMEXP

## IMEXP

    IMEXP(inumber)

### Description

IMEXP returns the exponential of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMEXP("2-j") equals 3.992324-6.217676j.

### See also

IMLN.

IMLN

## IMLN

    IMLN(inumber)

### Description

IMLN returns the natural logarithm of a complex number. (The result will have an imaginary part between -pi and +pi. The natural logarithm is not uniquely defined on complex numbers. You may need to add or subtract an even multiple of pi to the imaginary part.)

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMLN("3-j") equals 1.15129-0.32175j.

### See also

IMEXP, IMLOG2, IMLOG10.

IMLOG10

## IMLOG10

    IMLOG10(inumber)

### Description

IMLOG10 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 10.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMLOG10("3-j") equals 0.5-0.13973j.

### See also

IMLN, IMLOG2.

IMLOG2

## IMLOG2

    IMLOG2(inumber)

### Description

IMLOG2 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 2.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMLOG2("3-j") equals 1.66096-0.46419j.

### See also

IMLN, IMLOG10.

IMPOWER

## IMPOWER

    IMPOWER(inumber,number)

### Description

IMPOWER returns a complex number raised to a power. @inumber is the complex number to be raised to a power and @number is the power to which you want to raise the complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMPOWER("4-j",2) equals 15-8j.

### See also

IMSQRT.

IMPRODUCT

## IMPRODUCT

    IMPRODUCT(inumber1[,inumber2,...])

### Description

IMPRODUCT returns the product of given complex numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMPRODUCT("2-j","4-2j") equals 6-8j.

### See also

IMDIV.

IMREAL

## IMREAL

    IMREAL(inumber)

### Description

IMREAL returns the real coefficient of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

imreal("132-j") equals 132.

### See also

IMAGINARY.

IMSIN

## IMSIN

    IMSIN(inumber)

### Description

IMSIN returns the sine of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMSIN("1+j") equals 1.29846+0.63496j.

### See also

IMCOS, IMTAN.

IMSQRT

## IMSQRT

    IMSQRT(inumber)

### Description

IMSQRT returns the square root of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMSQRT("1+j") equals 1.09868+0.4550899j.

### See also

IMPOWER.

IMSUB

## IMSUB

    IMSUB(inumber,inumber)

### Description

IMSUB returns the difference of two complex numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMSUB("3-j","2+j") equals 1-2j.

### See also

IMSUM.

IMSUM

## IMSUM

    IMSUM(inumber,inumber)

### Description

IMSUM returns the sum of two complex numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

IMSUM("2-4j","9-j") equals 11-5j.

### See also

IMSUB.

IMTAN

## IMTAN

    IMTAN(inumber)

### Description

IMTAN returns the tangent of a complex number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

IMSIN, IMCOS.

INDEX

## INDEX

    INDEX(array,[row, col, area])

### Description

INDEX gives a reference to a cell in the given @array.The cell is pointed out by @row and @col, which count the rows and columnsin the array.

If @row and @col are ommited the are assumed to be 1.@area has to be 1; references to multiple areas are not yet implemented.If the reference falls outside the range of the @array, INDEX returns a#REF! error.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3,21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then INDEX(A1:A5,4,1,1) equals 25,9

### See also

INDIRECT

## INDIRECT

    INDIRECT(ref_text,[format])

### Description

INDIRECT function returns the contents of the cell pointed to by the ref_text string. The string specifices a single cell reference the format of which is either A1 or R1C1 style. The style is set by the format boolean, which defaults to the former.

If @ref_text is not a valid reference returns #REF!

### Examples

If A1 contains 3.14 and A2 contains A1, then

INDIRECT(A2) equals 3.14.

### See also

INFO

## INFO

    INFO(type)

### Description

INFO returns information about the current operating environment.

@type is the type of information you want to obtain:

memavail Returns the amount of memory available (bytes).

memused Returns the amount of memory used (bytes).

numfile Returns the number of active worksheets.

osversion Returns the operating system version.

recalc Returns the recalculation mode (automatic).

release Returns the version of Gnumeric as text.

system Returns the name of the environment.

totmem Returns the amount of total memory available.

This function is Excel compatible, except that types directory and origin are not implemented.

### Examples

INFO("system") returns "Linux" on a Linux system.

### See also

INT

## INT

    INT(a)

### Description

INT function returns the largest integer that is not bigger than its argument.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

INT(7.2) equals 7.

INT(-5.5) equals -6.

### See also

FLOOR, CEIL, ABS.

INTERCEPT

## INTERCEPT

    INTERCEPT(known_y's,known_x's)

### Description

INTERCEPT function calculates the point where the linear regression line intersects the y-axis.

If @known_x or @known_y contains no data entries or different number of data entries, INTERCEPT returns #N/A error. If the variance of the @known_x is zero, INTERCEPT returns #DIV/0 error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

INTERCEPT(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -20.785117212.

### See also

FORECAST, TREND.

INTRATE

## INTRATE

    INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,redemption[,basis])

### Description

INTRATE calculates and returns the interest rate of a fully vested security. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @investment is the prize of the security paid at @settlement date and @redemption is the amount to be received at @maturity date. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, INTRATE returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, INTRATE returns #NUM! error. If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, INTRATE returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

If you had a bond with a settlement date of April 15, 2000, maturity date September 30, 2000, investment of $100,000, redemption value $103,525, using the actual/actual basis, the bond discount rate is:

=INTRATE(36631, 36799, 100000, 103525, 1) which equals 0.0648 or 6.48%

### See also

RECEIVED, DATE.

IPMT

## IPMT

    IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)

### Description

IPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards interest.

Formula for IPMT is:

IPMT(PER) = -PRINCIPAL(PER-1) * INTEREST_RATE

where:

PRINCIPAL(PER-1) = amount of the remaining principal from last period

### Examples

### See also

PPMT, PV, FV.

IRR

## IRR

    IRR(values[,guess])

### Description

IRR calculates and returns the internal rate of return of an investment. This function is closely related to the net present value function (NPV). The IRR is the interest rate for a serie of cash flow where the net preset value is zero.

@values contains the serie of cash flow generated by the investment. The payments should occur at regular intervals. The optional @guess is the initial value used in calculating the IRR. You do not have to use that, it is only provided for the Excel compatibility.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1:A8 contain the numbers -32432, 5324, 7432, 9332, 12324, 4334, 1235, -3422. Then

IRR(A1:A8) returns 0.04375.

### See also

FV, NPV, PV.

ISBLANK

## ISBLANK

    ISBLANK(value)

### Description

ISBLANK returns TRUE if the value is blank.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISBLANK(A1).

### See also

ISERR

## ISERR

    ISERR(value)

### Description

ISERR returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISERR(NA()) return FALSE.

### See also

ISERROR.

ISERROR

## ISERROR

    ISERROR(value)

### Description

ISERROR returns a TRUE value if the expression has an error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISERROR(NA()) equals TRUE.

### See also

ERROR.

ISEVEN

## ISEVEN

    ISEVEN(value)

### Description

ISEVEN returns TRUE if the number is even.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISEVEN(4) equals TRUE.

### See also

ISODD.

ISLOGICAL

## ISLOGICAL

    ISLOGICAL(value)

### Description

ISLOGICAL returns TRUE if the value is a logical value.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISLOGICAL(A1).

### See also

ISNA

## ISNA

    ISNA(value)

### Description

ISNA returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISNA(NA()) equals TRUE.

### See also

NA.

ISNONTEXT

## ISNONTEXT

    ISNONTEXT(value)

### Description

ISNONTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is not text.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISNONTEXT("text") equals FALSE.

### See also

ISTEXT.

ISNUMBER

## ISNUMBER

    ISNUMBER(value)

### Description

ISNUMBER returns TRUE if the value is a number.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISNUMBER("text") equals FALSE.

### See also

ISODD

## ISODD

    ISODD(value)

### Description

ISODD returns TRUE if the number is odd.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISODD(3) equals TRUE.

### See also

ISEVEN.

ISOWEEKNUM

## ISOWEEKNUM

    ISOWEEKNUM (date)

### Description

ISOWEEKNUM returns the ISO 8601 week number of @date.

Returns #NUM! if date is invalid.

An ISO 8601 week starts on Monday. Weeks are numbered from 1. A week including days from two different years is assigned to the year which includes the most days. This means that Dec 31 could be in week 1 of the following year, and Jan 1 could be in week 52 or 53 of the previous year.

### Examples

If A1 contains 12/21/00 then ISOWEEKNUM(A1)=51

### See also

WEEKNUM.

ISPMT

## ISPMT

    ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)

### Description

ISPMT function returns the interest paid on a given period.

If @per < 1 or @per > @nper, ISPMT returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

PV.

ISPRIME

## ISPRIME

    ISPRIME(i)

### Description

The ISPRIME function returns TRUE if @i is prime and FALSE otherwise.

This function only takes one argument.

### See also

ITHPRIME, NT_D, NT_SIGMA.

ISREF

## ISREF

    ISREF(value)

### Description

ISREF returns TRUE if the value is a reference.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISREF(A1) equals TRUE.

### See also

ISTEXT

## ISTEXT

    ISTEXT(value)

### Description

ISTEXT returns TRUE if the value is text.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ISTEXT("text") equals TRUE.

### See also

ISNONTEXT.

ITHPRIME

## ITHPRIME

    ITHPRIME(i)

### Description

The ITHPRIME function returns the @ith prime.

This function only takes one argument.

### Examples

### See also

NT_D, NT_SIGMA.

KURT

## KURT

    KURT(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

KURT returns an unbiased estimate of the kurtosis of a data set.

Note, that this is only meaningful is the underlying distribution really has a fourth moment. The kurtosis is offset by three such that a normal distribution will have zero kurtosis.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If fewer than four numbers are given or all of them are equal KURT returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

KURT(A1:A5) equals 1.234546305.

### See also

AVERAGE, VAR, SKEW, KURTP.

KURTP

## KURTP

    KURTP(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

KURTP returns the population kurtosis of a data set.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If fewer than two numbers are given or all of them are equal KURTP returns #DIV/0! error.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

KURTP(A1:A5) equals -0.691363424.

### See also

AVERAGE, VARP, SKEWP, KURT.

LARGE

## LARGE

    LARGE(n1, n2, ..., k)

### Description

LARGE returns the k-th largest value in a data set.

If data set is empty LARGE returns #NUM! error. If @k <= 0 or @k is greater than the number of data items given LARGE returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

LARGE(A1:A5,2) equals 25.9.

LARGE(A1:A5,4) equals 17.3.

### See also

PERCENTILE, PERCENTRANK, QUARTILE, SMALL.

LCM

## LCM

    LCM(number1,number2,...)

### Description

LCM returns the least common multiple of integers. The least common multiple is the smallest positive number that is a multiple of all integer arguments given.

If any of the arguments is less than one, LCM returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LCM(2,13) equals to 26.

LCM(4,7,5) equals to 140.

### See also

GCD.

LEFT

## LEFT

    LEFT(text[,num_chars])

### Description

LEFT returns the leftmost @num_chars characters or the left character if @num_chars is not specified.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LEFT("Directory",3) equals "Dir".

### See also

MID, RIGHT.

LEN

## LEN

    LEN(string)

### Description

LEN returns the length in characters of the string @string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

len("Helsinki") equals 8.

### See also

CHAR, CODE.

LINEST

## LINEST

    LINEST(known_y's[,known_x's[,const[,stat]]])

### Description

LINEST function calculates the ``least squares'' line that best fit to your data in @known_y's. @known_x's contains the corresponding x's where y=mx+b.

If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. LINEST returns an array having two columns and one row. The slope (m) of the regression line y=mx+b is given in the first column and the y-intercept (b) in the second.

If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, LINEST returns #NUM! error.

If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through the origin, i.e., b will be zero. The default is TRUE.

If @stat is TRUE, extra statistical information will be returned. Extra statistical information is written bellow the regression line coefficients in the result array. Extra statistical information consists of four rows of data. In the first row the standard error values for the coefficients m1, (m2, ...), b are represented. The second row contains the square of R and the standard error for the y estimate. The third row contains the F-observed value and the degrees of freedom. The last row contains the regression sum of squares and the residual sum of squares.

The default of @stat is FALSE.

### Examples

### See also

LOGEST, TREND.

LN

## LN

    LN(x)

### Description

LN returns the natural logarithm of @x. If @x <= 0, LN returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LN(7) equals 1.94591.

### See also

EXP, LOG2, LOG10.

LOG

## LOG

    LOG(x[,base])

### Description

LOG computes the logarithm of @x in the given base @base. If no @base is given LOG returns the logarithm in base 10. @base must be > 0. and can not equal 1.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LOG(2) equals 0.30103.

LOG(8192,2) equals 13.

### See also

LN, LOG2, LOG10.

LOG10

## LOG10

    LOG10(x)

### Description

LOG10 computes the base-10 logarithm of @x. If @x <= 0, LOG10 returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LOG10(7) equals 0.845098.

### See also

EXP, LOG2, LOG.

LOG2

## LOG2

    LOG2(x)

### Description

LOG2 computes the base-2 logarithm of @x. If @x <= 0, LOG2 returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

LOG2(1024) equals 10.

### See also

EXP, LOG10, LOG.

LOGEST

## LOGEST

    LOGEST(known_y's[,known_x's,const,stat])

### Description

The LOGEST function applies the ``least squares'' method to fit an exponential curve of the form y = b * m{1}^x{1} * m{2}^x{2}... to your data.

If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. LOGEST returns an array { m{n},m{n-1}, ...,m{1},b }.

If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, LOGEST returns #NUM! error.

If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through (0,1),i.e., b will be one. The default is TRUE.

If @stat is TRUE, extra statistical information will be returned. Extra statistical information is written bellow the regression line coefficients in the result array. Extra statistical information consists of four rows of data. In the first row the standard error values for the coefficients m1, (m2, ...), b are represented. The second row contains the square of R and the standard error for the y estimate. The third row contains the F-observed value and the degrees of freedom. The last row contains the regression sum of squares and the residual sum of squares.

The default of @stat is FALSE.

### Examples

### See also

LOGEST, GROWTH, TREND.

LOGINV

## LOGINV

    LOGINV(p,mean,stdev)

### Description

LOGINV function returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution, @mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and @stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @stdev <= 0 LOGINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LOGINV(0.5,2,3) equals 7.389056099.

### See also

EXP, LN, LOG, LOG10, LOGNORMDIST.

LOGNORMDIST

## LOGNORMDIST

    LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stdev)

### Description

LOGNORMDIST function returns the lognormal distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution, @mean is the mean of the distribution, and @stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

If @stdev = 0 LOGNORMDIST returns #DIV/0! error. If @x <= 0, @mean < 0 or @stdev < 0 LOGNORMDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LOGNORMDIST(3,1,2) equals 0.519662338.

### See also

NORMDIST.

LOOKUP

## LOOKUP

    LOOKUP(value,vector1,vector2)

### Description

LOOKUP function finds the row index of 'value' in @vector1 and returns the contents of value2 at that row index. If the area is longer than it is wide then the sense of the search is rotated. Alternatively a single array can be used.

If LOOKUP can't find @value it uses the next largest value less than value. The data must be sorted.

If @value is smaller than the first value it returns #N/A

### Examples

### See also

VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP.

LOWER

## LOWER

    LOWER(text)

### Description

LOWER returns a lower-case version of the string in @text.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

LOWER("J. F. Kennedy") equals "j. f. kennedy".

### See also

UPPER.

MATCH

## MATCH

    MATCH(seek,vector[,type])

### Description

MATCH function finds the row index of @seek in @vector and returns it. If the area is longer than it is wide then the sense of the search is rotated. Alternatively a single array can be used.

The @type parameter, which defaults to +1, controls the search:

If @type = 1, finds largest value <= @seek.

If @type = 0, finds first value == @seek.

If @type = -1, finds smallest value >= @seek.

For type 0, the data can be in any order. For types -1 and +1, the data must be sorted. (And in this case, MATCH uses a binary search to locate the index.)

If @seek could not be found, #N/A is returned.

### Examples

### See also

LOOKUP.

MAX

## MAX

    MAX(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

MAX returns the value of the element of the values passed that has the largest value. With negative numbers considered smaller than positive numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MAX(A1:A5) equals 40.1.

### See also

MIN, ABS.

MAXA

## MAXA

    MAXA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

MAXA returns the largest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MAXA(A1:A5) equals 40.1.

### See also

MAX, MINA.

MDETERM

## MDETERM

    MDETERM(matrix)

### Description

MDETERM function returns the determinant of a given matrix.

If the @matrix does not contain equal number of columns and rows, MDETERM returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that A1, ..., A4 contain numbers 2, 3, 7, and 3, B1, ..., B4 4, 2, 4, and 1, C1, ..., C4 9, 4, 3, and 2, and D1, ..., D4 7, 3, 6, and 5. Then

MDETERM(A1:D4) equals 148.

### See also

MMULT, MINVERSE.

MDURATION

## MDURATION

    MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency[,basis])

### Description

MDURATION returns the Macauley duration for a security with par value 100.

### Examples

### See also

MEDIAN

## MEDIAN

    MEDIAN(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

MEDIAN returns the median of the given data set.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. If even numbers are given MEDIAN returns the average of the two numbers in the middle.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MEDIAN(A1:A5) equals 21.3.

### See also

AVERAGE, COUNT, COUNTA, DAVERAGE, MODE, SUM.

MID

## MID

    MID(string, position, length)

### Description

MID returns a substring from @string starting at @position for @length characters.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

MID("testing",2,3) equals "est".

### See also

LEFT, RIGHT.

MIN

## MIN

    MIN(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

MIN returns the value of the element of the values passed that has the smallest value. With negative numbers considered smaller than positive numbers.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MIN(A1:A5) equals 11.4.

### See also

MAX, ABS.

MINA

## MINA

    MINA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

MINA returns the smallest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MINA(A1:A5) equals 0.

### See also

MIN, MAXA.

MINUTE

## MINUTE

    MINUTE (serial_number)

### Description

MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute. The minute is returned as an integer in the range 0 to 59.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

MINUTE(0.128472) equals 5.

### See also

HOUR, NOW, TIME, SECOND.

MINVERSE

## MINVERSE

    MINVERSE(matrix)

### Description

MINVERSE function returns the inverse matrix of a given matrix.

If the @matrix cannot be inverted, MINVERSE returns #NUM! error. If the @matrix does not contain equal number of columns and rows, MINVERSE returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

MMULT, MDETERM.

MIRR

## MIRR

    MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)

### Description

MIRR function returns the modified internal rate of return for a given periodic cash flow.

### Examples

### See also

NPV.

MMULT

## MMULT

    MMULT(array1,array2)

### Description

MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays. The result is an array with the same number of rows as @array1 and the same number of columns as @array2.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

TRANSPOSE, MINVERSE.

MOD

## MOD

    MOD(number,divisor)

### Description

MOD function returns the remainder when @divisor is divided into @number.

This function is Excel compatible.

MOD returns #DIV/0! if divisor is zero.

### Examples

MOD(23,7) equals 2.

### See also

INT, FLOOR, CEIL.

MODE

## MODE

    MODE(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

MODE returns the most common number of the data set. If the data set has many most common numbers MODE returns the first one of them.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. If the data set does not contain any duplicates MODE returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 11.4, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

MODE(A1:A5) equals 11.4.

### See also

AVERAGE, MEDIAN.

MONTH

## MONTH

    MONTH (serial_number)

### Description

MONTH converts a serial number to a month.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

MONTH(DATE(2003, 4, 30)) equals 4.

### See also

DAY, TIME, NOW, YEAR.

MROUND

## MROUND

    MROUND(number,multiple)

### Description

MROUND function rounds a given number to the desired multiple. @number is the number you want rounded and @multiple is the the multiple to which you want to round the number.

If @number and @multiple have different sign, MROUND returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

MROUND(1.7,0.2) equals 1.8.

MROUND(321.123,0.12) equals 321.12.

### See also

ROUNDDOWN, ROUND, ROUNDUP.

MULTINOMIAL

## MULTINOMIAL

    MULTINOMIAL(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

MULTINOMIAL returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of values to the product of factorials.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

MULTINOMIAL(2,3,4) equals 1260.

### See also

SUM.

N

## N

    N(value)

### Description

N returns a value converted to a number. Strings containing text are converted to the zero value.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

N("42") equals 42.

### See also

NA

## NA

    NA()

### Description

NA returns the error value #N/A.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NA() equals #N/A error.

### See also

ISNA.

NEGBINOMDIST

## NEGBINOMDIST

    NEGBINOMDIST(f,t,p)

### Description

NEGBINOMDIST function returns the negative binomial distribution. @f is the number of failures, @t is the threshold number of successes, and @p is the probability of a success.

If @f or @t is a non-integer it is truncated. If (@f + @t -1) <= 0 NEGBINOMDIST returns #NUM! error. If @p < 0 or @p > 1 NEGBINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NEGBINOMDIST(2,5,0.55) equals 0.152872629.

### See also

BINOMDIST, COMBIN, FACT, HYPGEOMDIST, PERMUT.

NETWORKDAYS

## NETWORKDAYS

    NETWORKDAYS (start_date,end_date,holidays)

### Description

NETWORKDAYS returns the number of non-weekend non-holidays between @start_date and @end_date including these dates. Holidays are optionally supplied in @holidays.

Returns #NUM! if start_date or end_date are invalid.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2001,1,2),DATE(2001,2,15)) equals 33.

### See also

WORKDAY.

NOMINAL

## NOMINAL

    NOMINAL(r,nper)

### Description

NOMINAL calculates the nominal interest rate from a given effective rate.

Nominal interest rate is given by a formula:

@nper * (( 1 + @r ) ^ (1 / @nper) - 1 )

where:

@r = effective interest rate

@nper = number of periods used for compounding

### Examples

### See also

EFFECT.

NORMDIST

## NORMDIST

    NORMDIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

### Description

NORMDIST function returns the normal cumulative distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution, @mean is the mean of the distribution, @stdev is the standard deviation.

If @stdev is 0 NORMDIST returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NORMDIST(2,1,2,0) equals 0.176032663.

### See also

POISSON.

NORMINV

## NORMINV

    NORMINV(p,mean,stdev)

### Description

NORMINV function returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution, @mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and @stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @stdev <= 0 NORMINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NORMINV(0.76,2,3) equals 4.118907689.

### See also

NORMDIST, NORMSDIST, NORMSINV, STANDARDIZE, ZTEST.

NORMSDIST

## NORMSDIST

    NORMSDIST(x)

### Description

NORMSDIST function returns the standard normal cumulative distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NORMSDIST(2) equals 0.977249868.

### See also

NORMDIST.

NORMSINV

## NORMSINV

    NORMSINV(p)

### Description

NORMSINV function returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 NORMSINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NORMSINV(0.2) equals -0.841621234.

### See also

NORMDIST, NORMINV, NORMSDIST, STANDARDIZE, ZTEST.

NOT

## NOT

    NOT(number)

### Description

NOT implements the logical NOT function: the result is TRUE if the @number is zero; otherwise the result is FALSE.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NOT(0) equals TRUE.

NOT(TRUE) equals FALSE.

### See also

AND, OR.

NOW

## NOW

    NOW ()

### Description

NOW returns the serial number for the date and time at the time it is evaluated.

Serial Numbers in Gnumeric are represented as follows:The integral part is the number of days since the 1st of January of 1900. The decimal part represent the fraction of the day and is mapped into hour, minutes and seconds.

For example: .0 represents the beginning of the day, and 0.5 represents noon.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

NOW().

### See also

TODAY.

NPER

## NPER

    NPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv,type)

### Description

NPER calculates number of periods of an investment based on periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest rate per period is @rate, @pmt is the payment made each period, @pv is the present value, @fv is the future value and @type is when the payments are due. If @type = 1, payments are due at the begining of the period, if @type = 0, payments are due at the end of the period.

### Examples

For example, if you deposit $10,000 in a savings account that earns an interest rate of 6%. To calculate home many years it will take to double your investment use NPER as follows:

=NPER(0.06, 0, -10000, 20000,0)returns 11.895661046 which indicates that you can double your money just before the end of the 12th year.

### See also

PPMT, PV, FV.

NPV

## NPV

    NPV(rate,v1,v2,...)

### Description

NPV calculates the net present value of an investment generating peridic payments. @rate is the periodic interest rate and @v1, @v2, ... are the periodic payments. If the schedule of the cash flows are not periodic use the XNPV function.

### Examples

NPV(0.17,-10000,3340,2941,2493,3233,1732,2932) equals 186.30673.

### See also

PV, XNPV.

NT_D

## NT_D

    NT_D(n)

### Description

The NT_D function calculates the number of divisors of @n.

This function only takes one argument.

### Examples

### See also

ITHPRIME, NT_PHI, NT_SIGMA.

NT_MU

## NT_MU

    NT_MU(n)

### Description

The NT_MU function (Möbius mu function) returns

0 if @n is divisible by the square of a prime .

Otherwise it returns:

-1 if @n has an odd number of different prime factors .

1 if @n has an even number of different prime factors .

If @n=1 it returns 1

### Examples

### See also

NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_PHI.

NT_PHI

## NT_PHI

    NT_PHI(n)

### Description

The NT_PHI function calculates the number of integers less than or equal to @n that are relatively prime to @n.

This function only takes one argument.

### Examples

### See also

NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_SIGMA.

NT_PI

## NT_PI

    NT_PI(n)

### Description

The NT_PI function returns the number of primes less than or equal to @n.

This function only takes one argument.

### See also

ITHPRIME, NT_PHI, NT_D, NT_SIGMA.

NT_SIGMA

## NT_SIGMA

    NT_SIGMA(n)

### Description

The NT_SIGMA function calculates the sum of the divisors of @n.

This function only takes one argument.

### Examples

### See also

NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_PHI.

OCT2BIN

## OCT2BIN

    OCT2BIN(number[,places])

### Description

OCT2BIN function converts an octal number to a binary number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

This function is Excel compatible.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

OCT2BIN("213") equals 10001011.

### See also

BIN2OCT, OCT2DEC, OCT2HEX.

OCT2DEC

## OCT2DEC

    OCT2DEC(x)

### Description

OCT2DEC function converts an octal number in a string or number to its decimal equivalent.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

OCT2DEC("124") equals 84.

### See also

DEC2OCT, OCT2BIN, OCT2HEX.

OCT2HEX

## OCT2HEX

    OCT2HEX(number[,places])

### Description

OCT2HEX function converts an octal number to a hexadecimal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

This function is Excel compatible.

If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

OCT2HEX(132) equals 5A.

### See also

HEX2OCT, OCT2BIN, OCT2DEC.

ODD

## ODD

    ODD(number)

### Description

ODD function returns the @number rounded up to the nearest odd integer.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ODD(4.4) equals 5.

### See also

EVEN.

ODDFPRICE

## ODDFPRICE

    ODDFPRICE(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,yld,redemption,frequency[,basis])

### Description

ODDFPRICE returns the price per $100 face value of a security. The security should have an odd short or long first period. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @issue is the issue date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDFPRICE returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

ODDFYIELD

## ODDFYIELD

    ODDFYIELD(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,pr,redemption,frequency[,basis])

### Description

ODDFYIELD calculates the yield of a security having an odd first period. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDFYIELD returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

ODDLPRICE

## ODDLPRICE

    ODDLPRICE(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,yld,redemption,frequency[,basis])

### Description

ODDLPRICE calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that has an odd last coupon period. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDFYIELD returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

ODDLYIELD

## ODDLYIELD

    ODDLYIELD(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,pr,redemption,frequency[,basis])

### Description

ODDLYIELD calculates the yield of a security having an odd last period. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDLYIELD returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

OFFSET

## OFFSET

    OFFSET(range,row,col,height,width)

### Description

OFFSET function returns a cell range. The cell range starts at offset (@col,@row) from @range, and is of height @height and width @width.

If range is neither a reference nor a range returns #VALUE!. If either height or width is omitted the height or width of the reference is used.

### Examples

### See also

COLUMN, COLUMNS, ROWS.

opt_bs_call

## opt_bs_call

    opt_bs_call(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the price of a European call option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price. @volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed in the same units as @strike and @price.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_delta, opt_bs_put_deltaopt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_call_delta

## opt_bs_call_delta

    opt_bs_call_delta(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "delta" of a European call option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The delta of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to the price of the underlying asset.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value per unit change in @price.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_put_deltaopt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_call_rho

## opt_bs_call_rho

    opt_bs_call_rho(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "rho" of a European call option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The rho of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to the risk free interest rate.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% change in @rate.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_delta, opt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_call_theta

## opt_bs_call_theta

    opt_bs_call_theta(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "theta" of a European call option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The theta of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to time to expiry.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as minus the rate of change of option value, per 365.25 days.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_delta, opt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_gamma

## opt_bs_gamma

    opt_bs_gamma(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "gamma" of a European option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The gamma of an option is the second derivative of its price with respect to the price of the underlying asset, and is the same for calls and puts.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of delta per unit change in @price.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_deltaopt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_vega.

opt_bs_put

## opt_bs_put

    opt_bs_put(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the price of a European put option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price. @volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed in the same units as @strike and @price.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_call_delta, opt_bs_put_deltaopt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_put_delta

## opt_bs_put_delta

    opt_bs_put_delta(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "delta" of a European put option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The delta of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to the price of the underlying asset.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value per unit change in @price.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_deltaopt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_put_rho

## opt_bs_put_rho

    opt_bs_put_rho(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "rho" of a European put option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The rho of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to the risk free interest rate.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% change in @rate.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_deltaopt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_put_theta

## opt_bs_put_theta

    opt_bs_put_theta(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "theta" of a European put option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The theta of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to time to expiry.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as minus the rate of change of option value, per 365.25 days.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_deltaopt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_vega, opt_bs_gamma.

opt_bs_vega

## opt_bs_vega

    opt_bs_bega(strike,price,volatility,days_to_maturity,rate)

### Description

Uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the "vega" of a European option struck at @strike on an asset with price @price.

(The vega of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to volatility, and is the same for calls and puts.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. @days_to_maturity the number of days to exercise, and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.

The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% volatilty.

### Examples

### See also

opt_bs_call, opt_bs_put, opt_bs_call_deltaopt_bs_put_delta, opt_bs_call_rho, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_call_theta, opt_bs_put_rho, opt_bs_gamma.

OR

## OR

    OR(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

OR implements the logical OR function: the result is TRUE if any of the values evaluated to TRUE.

@b1, trough @bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered FALSE and anything else is TRUE.

If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored. If no logical values are provided, then the error #VALUE! is returned.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

OR(TRUE,FALSE) equals TRUE.

OR(3>4,4<3) equals FALSE.

### See also

AND, NOT.

PEARSON

## PEARSON

    PEARSON(array1,array2)

### Description

PEARSON returns the Pearson correlation coefficient of two data sets.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

INTERCEPT, LINEST, RSQ, SLOPE, STEYX.

PERCENTILE

## PERCENTILE

    PERCENTILE(array,k)

### Description

PERCENTILE function returns the 100*@k-th percentile of the given data points (that is, a number x such that a fraction @k of the data points are less than x).

If @array is empty, PERCENTILE returns #NUM! error. If @k < 0 or @k > 1, PERCENTILE returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

PERCENTILE(A1:A5,0.42) equals 20.02.

### See also

QUARTILE.

PERCENTRANK

## PERCENTRANK

    PERCENTRANK(array,x[,significance])

### Description

PERCENTRANK function returns the rank of a data point in a data set. @array is the range of numeric values, @x is the data point which you want to rank, and the optional @significance indentifies the number of significant digits for the returned value, truncating the remainder. If @significance is omitted, PERCENTRANK uses three digits.

If @array contains no data points, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.

If @significance is less than one, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.

If @x exceeds the largest value or is less than the smallest value in @array, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.

If @x does not match any of the values in @array or @x matches more than once, PERCENTRANK interpolates the returned value.

### Examples

### See also

LARGE, MAX, MEDIAN, MIN, PERCENTILE, QUARTILE, SMALL.

PERMUT

## PERMUT

    PERMUT(n,k)

### Description

PERMUT function returns the number of permutations. @n is the number of objects, @k is the number of objects in each permutation.

If @n = 0 PERMUT returns #NUM! error. If @n < @k PERMUT returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

PERMUT(7,3) equals 210.

### See also

COMBIN.

PI

## PI

    PI()

### Description

PI functions returns the value of pi.

This function is called with no arguments.

This function is Excel compatible, except that it returns pi with a better precision.

### Examples

PI() equals about 3.141593.

### See also

SQRTPI.

PMT

## PMT

    PMT(rate,nper,pv[,fv,type])

### Description

PMT returns the amount of payment for a loan based on a constant interest rate and constant payments (each payment is equal amount). @rate is the constant interest rate. @nper is the overall number of payments. @pv is the present value. @fv is the future value. @type is the type of the payment: 0 means at the end of the period and 1 means at the beginning of the period.

If @fv is omitted, Gnumeric assumes it to be zero. If @type is omitted, Gnumeric assumes it to be zero.

### Examples

### See also

PPMT, PV, FV.

POISSON

## POISSON

    POISSON(x,mean,cumulative)

### Description

POISSON function returns the Poisson distribution. @x is the number of events, @mean is the expected numeric value @cumulative describes whether to return the sum of the poisson function from 0 to @x.

If @x is a non-integer it is truncated. If @x <= 0 POISSON returns #NUM! error. If @mean <= 0 POISSON returns the #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

POISSON(3,6,0) equals 0.089235078.

### See also

NORMDIST, WEIBULL.

POWER

## POWER

    POWER(x,y)

### Description

POWER returns the value of @x raised to the power @y. This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

POWER(2,7) equals 128.

POWER(3,3.141) equals 31.523749.

### See also

EXP.

PPMT

## PPMT

    PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv,type])

### Description

PPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards principal.

Formula for it is:

PPMT(per) = PMT - IPMT(per)

where:

PMT = Payment received on annuity

IPMT(per) = amount of interest for period per

### Examples

### See also

IPMT, PV, FV.

PRICE

## PRICE

    PRICE(settle,mat,rate,yield,redemption_price,frequency[,basis])

### Description

PRICE returns price per $100 face value of a security. This method can only be used if the security pays periodic interest. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, PRICE returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

PRICEDISC

## PRICEDISC

    PRICEDISC(settlement,maturity,discount,redemption[,basis])

### Description

PRICEDISC calculates and returns the price per $100 face value of a security bond. The security does not pay interest at maturity. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @discount is the rate for which the security is discounted. @redemption is the amount to be received on @maturity date. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error. If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

PRICEMAT.

PRICEMAT

## PRICEMAT

    PRICEMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,yield[,basis])

### Description

PRICEMAT calculates and returns the price per $100 face value of a security. The security pays interest at maturity. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @issue is the issue date of the security. @rate is the discount rate of the security. @yield is the annual yield of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error. If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

PRICEDISC.

PROB

## PROB

    PROB(x_range,prob_range,lower_limit[,upper_limit])

### Description

PROB function returns the probability that values in a range or an array are between two limits. If @upper_limit is not given, PROB returns the probability that values in @x_range are equal to @lower_limit.

If the sum of the probabilities in @prob_range is not equal to 1 PROB returns #NUM! error. If any value in @prob_range is <=0 or > 1, PROB returns #NUM! error. If @x_range and @prob_range contain a different number of data entries, PROB returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

BINOMDIST, CRITBINOM.

PRODUCT

## PRODUCT

    PRODUCT(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

This function is Excel compatible. In particular, this means that if all cells are empty, the result will be 0.

### Examples

PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.

### See also

SUM, COUNT, G_PRODUCT.

PROPER

## PROPER

    PROPER(string)

### Description

PROPER returns @string with initial of each word capitalised.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

PROPER("j. f. kennedy") equals "J. F. Kennedy".

### See also

LOWER, UPPER.

PV

## PV

    PV(rate,nper,pmt[,fv,type])

### Description

PV calculates the present value of an investment. @rate is the periodic interest rate, @nper is the number of periods used for compounding. @pmt is the payment made each period, @fv is the future value and @type is when the payment is made. If @type = 1 then the payment is made at the begining of the period. If @type = 0 (or omitted) it is made at the end of each period.@EXAMPLES=

### See also

FV.

QUARTILE

## QUARTILE

    QUARTILE(array,quart)

### Description

QUARTILE function returns the quartile of the given data points.

If @quart is equal to: QUARTILE returns:

0 the smallest value of @array.

1 the first quartile

2 the second quartile

3 the third quartile

4 the largest value of @array.

If @array is empty, QUARTILE returns #NUM! error. If @quart < 0 or @quart > 4, QUARTILE returns #NUM! error. If @quart is not an integer, it is truncated.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

QUARTILE(A1:A5,1) equals 17.3.

### See also

LARGE, MAX, MEDIAN, MIN, PERCENTILE, SMALL.

QUOTIENT

## QUOTIENT

    QUOTIENT(numerator,denumerator)

### Description

QUOTIENT function returns the integer portion of a division. @numerator is the divided number and

@denumerator is the divisor.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

QUOTIENT(23,5) equals 4.

### See also

MOD.

RADIANS

## RADIANS

    RADIANS(x)

### Description

RADIANS computes the number of radians equivalent to @x degrees.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

RADIANS(180) equals 3.14159.

### See also

PI, DEGREES.

RAND

## RAND

    RAND()

### Description

RAND returns a random number between zero and one ([0..1]).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

RAND() returns a random number greater than zero but less than one.

### See also

RANDBETWEEN.

RANDBERNOULLI

## RANDBERNOULLI

    RANDBERNOULLI(p)

### Description

RANDBERNOULLI returns a Bernoulli-distributed random number.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDBERNOULLI returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

RANDBERNOULLI(0.5).

### See also

RAND, RANDBETWEEN.

RANDBETWEEN

## RANDBETWEEN

    RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top)

### Description

RANDBETWEEN function returns a random integer number between and including @bottom and @top.

If @bottom or @top is non-integer, they are truncated. If @bottom > @top, RANDBETWEEN returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

RANDBETWEEN(3,7).

### See also

RAND.

RANDBINOM

## RANDBINOM

    RANDBINOM(p,trials)

### Description

RANDBINOM returns a binomially-distributed random number.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDBINOM returns #NUM! error. If @trials < 0 RANDBINOM returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

RANDBINOM(0.5,2).

### See also

RAND, RANDBETWEEN.

RANDEXP

## RANDEXP

    RANDEXP(b)

### Description

RANDEXP returns a exponentially-distributed random number.

### Examples

RANDEXP(0.5).

### See also

RAND, RANDBETWEEN.

RANDNEGBINOM

## RANDNEGBINOM

    RANDNEGBINOM(p,failures)

### Description

RANDNEGBINOM returns a negative binomially-distributed random number.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1, RANDNEGBINOM returns #NUM! error. If @failures RANDNEGBINOM returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

RANDNEGBINOM(0.5,2).

### See also

RAND, RANDBETWEEN.

RANDPOISSON

## RANDPOISSON

    RANDPOISSON(lambda)

### Description

RANDPOISSON returns a poisson-distributed random number.

### Examples

RANDPOISSON(3).

### See also

RAND, RANDBETWEEN.

RANK

## RANK

    RANK(x,ref[,order])

### Description

RANK returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers. @x is the number whose rank you want to find, @ref is the list of numbers, and @order specifies how to rank numbers. If @order is 0, numbers are ranked in descending order, otherwise numbers are ranked in ascending order.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

RANK(17.3,A1:A5) equals 4.

### See also

PERCENTRANK.

RATE

## RATE

    RATE(nper,pmt,pv[,fv,type,guess])

### Description

RATE calculates the rate of an investment.

### Examples

### See also

PV, FV.

RECEIVED

## RECEIVED

    RECEIVED(settlement,maturity,investment,rate[,basis])

### Description

RECEIVED calculates and returns the amount to be received at @maturity date for a security bond. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. The amount of investement is specified in @investment. @rate is the security's discount rate. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error. If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

INTRATE.

REPLACE

## REPLACE

    REPLACE(old,start,num,new)

### Description

REPLACE returns @old with @new replacing @num characters from @start.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

REPLACE("testing",2,3,"*****") equals "t*****ing".

### See also

MID, SEARCH, SUBSTITUTE, TRIM.

REPT

## REPT

    REPT(string,num)

### Description

REPT returns @num repetitions of @string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

REPT(".",3) equals "...".

### See also

CONCATENATE.

RIGHT

## RIGHT

    RIGHT(text[,num_chars])

### Description

RIGHT returns the rightmost @num_chars characters or the right character if @num_chars is not specified.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

RIGHT("end") equals "d".

RIGHT("end",2) equals "nd".

### See also

MID, LEFT.

ROMAN

## ROMAN

    ROMAN(number[,type])

### Description

ROMAN function returns an arabic number in the roman numeral style, as text. @number is the number you want to convert and @type is the type of roman numeral you want.

If @type is 0 or it is omitted, ROMAN returns classic roman numbers. Type 1 is more concise than classic type, type 2 is more concise than type 1, and type 3 is more concise than type 2. Type 4 is simplified type.

If @number is negative or greater than 3999, ROMAN returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ROMAN(999) equals CMXCIX.

ROMAN(999,1) equals LMVLIV.

ROMAN(999,2) equals XMIX.

ROMAN(999,3) equals VMIV.

ROMAN(999,4) equals IM.

### See also

ROUND

## ROUND

    ROUND(number[,digits])

### Description

ROUND function rounds a given number. @number is the number you want rounded and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded to the given number of digits. If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded to the nearest integer. If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ROUND(5.5) equals 6.

ROUND(-3.3) equals -3.

ROUND(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.

ROUND(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.

### See also

ROUNDDOWN, ROUNDUP.

ROUNDDOWN

## ROUNDDOWN

    ROUNDDOWN(number[,digits])

### Description

ROUNDDOWN function rounds a given @number down. @number is the number you want rounded down and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded down to the given number of digits. If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded down to the nearest integer. If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded down to the left of the decimal point.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ROUNDDOWN(5.5) equals 5.

ROUNDDOWN(-3.3) equals -4.

ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,1) equals 1501.1.

ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.

### See also

ROUND, ROUNDUP.

ROUNDUP

## ROUNDUP

    ROUNDUP(number[,digits])

### Description

ROUNDUP function rounds a given number up. @number is the number you want rounded up and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded up to the given number of digits. If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded up to the nearest integer. If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded up to the left of the decimal point.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

ROUNDUP(5.5) equals 6.

ROUNDUP(-3.3) equals -3.

ROUNDUP(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.

ROUNDUP(1501.15,-2) equals 1600.0.

### See also

ROUND, ROUNDDOWN.

ROW

## ROW

    ROW([reference])

### Description

ROW function returns an array of the row numbers taking a default argument of the containing cell position.

If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range returns #VALUE!.

### Examples

ROW() in G13 equals 13.

### See also

COLUMN, COLUMNS, ROWS.

ROWS

## ROWS

    ROWS(reference)

### Description

ROWS function returns the number of rows in area or array reference.

If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range returns #VALUE!.

### Examples

ROWS(H7:I13) equals 7.

### See also

COLUMN, ROW, ROWS.

RSQ

## RSQ

    RSQ(array1,array2)

### Description

RSQ returns the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient of two data sets.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

### See also

CORREL, COVAR, INTERCEPT, LINEST, LOGEST, PEARSON, SLOPE, STEYX, TREND.

SEARCH

## SEARCH

    SEARCH(text,within[,start_num])

### Description

SEARCH returns the location of a character or text string within another string. @text is the string or character to be searched. @within is the string in which you want to search. @start_num is the start position of the search in @within. If @start_num is omitted, it is assumed to be one. The search is not case sensitive.

@text can contain wildcard characters (*) and question marks (?) to control the search. A question mark matches with any character and wildcard matches with any string including empty string. If you want the actual wildcard or question mark to be searched, use tilde (~) before the character.

If @text is not found, SEARCH returns #VALUE! error. If @start_num is less than one or it is greater than the length of @within, SEARCH returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SEARCH("c","Cancel") equals 1.

SEARCH("c","Cancel",2) equals 4.

### See also

FIND.

SECOND

## SECOND

    SECOND (serial_number)

### Description

SECOND converts a serial number to a second. The second is returned as an integer in the range 0 to 59.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SECOND(0.600613) equals 53.

### See also

HOUR, MINUTE, NOW, TIME.

SELECTION

## SELECTION

    SELECTION(permit_intersection)

### Description

SELECTION function returns a list with the values in the current selection. This is usually used to implement on-the-fly computation of values.

If @permit_intersection is TRUE the user specifed selection ranges are returned, EVEN IF THEY OVERLAP. If @permit_intersection is FALSE a distict set of regions is returned, however, there may be more of them than the user initially specified.

### Examples

### See also

SERIESSUM

## SERIESSUM

    SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficients)

### Description

SERIESSUM function returns the sum of a power series. @x is the base of the power series, @n is the initial power to raise @x, @m is the increment to the power for each term in the series, and @coefficients is the coefficents by which each successive power of @x is multiplied.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 1.23, 2.32, 2.98, 3.42, and 4.33. Then

SERIESSUM(3,1,2.23,A1:A5) equals 251416.43018.

### See also

COUNT, SUM.

SIGN

## SIGN

    SIGN(number)

### Description

SIGN function returns 1 if the @number is positive, zero if the @number is 0, and -1 if the @number is negative.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SIGN(3) equals 1.

SIGN(-3) equals -1.

SIGN(0) equals 0.

### See also

SIN

## SIN

    SIN(x)

### Description

SIN function returns the sine of @x, where @x is given in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SIN(0.5) equals 0.479426.

### See also

COS, COSH, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES.

SINH

## SINH

    SINH(x)

### Description

SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of @x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(@x) - exp(-@x)) / 2.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SINH(0.5) equals 0.521095.

### See also

SIN, COS, COSH, TAN, TANH, DEGREES, RADIANS, EXP.

SKEW

## SKEW

    SKEW(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

SKEW returns an unbiased estimate for skewness of a distribution.

Note, that this is only meaningful if the underlying distribution really has a third moment. The skewness of a symmetric (e.g., normal) distribution is zero.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If less than three numbers are given, SKEW returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

SKEW(A1:A5) equals 0.976798268.

### See also

AVERAGE, VAR, SKEWP, KURT.

SKEWP

## SKEWP

    SKEWP(n1, n2, ...)

### Description

SKEWP returns the population skewness of a data set.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If less than two numbers are given, SKEWP returns #DIV/0! error.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

SKEWP(A1:A5) equals 0.655256198.

### See also

AVERAGE, VARP, SKEW, KURTP.

SLN

## SLN

    SLN(cost,salvage_value,life)

### Description

SLN function will determine the straight line depreciation of an asset for a single period. The amount you paid for the asset is the @cost, @salvage is the value of the asset at the end of its useful life, and @life is the number of periods over which an the asset is depreciated. This method of deprecition devides the cost evenly over the life of an asset.

The formula used for straight line depriciation is:

Depriciation expense = ( @cost - @salvage_value ) / @life

@cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). @salvage_value = amount you get when asset sold at the end of the assets's useful life. @life = anticipated life of an asset.

### Examples

For example, lets suppose your company purchases a new machine for $10,000, which has a salvage value of $700 and will have a useful life of 10 years. The SLN yearly depreciation is computed as follows:

=SLN(10000, 700, 10)

This will return the yearly depreciation figure of $930.

### See also

SYD.

SLOPE

## SLOPE

    SLOPE(known_y's,known_x's)

### Description

SLOPE returns the slope of the linear regression line.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

SLOPE(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 1.417959936.

### See also

STDEV, STDEVPA.

SMALL

## SMALL

    SMALL(n1, n2, ..., k)

### Description

SMALL returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.

If data set is empty SMALL returns #NUM! error. If @k <= 0 or @k is greater than the number of data items given SMALL returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

SMALL(A1:A5,2) equals 17.3.

SMALL(A1:A5,4) equals 25.9.

### See also

PERCENTILE, PERCENTRANK, QUARTILE, LARGE.

SQRT

## SQRT

    SQRT(x)

### Description

SQRT function returns the square root of @x. If @x is negative, SQRT returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SQRT(2) equals 1.4142136.

### See also

POWER.

SQRTPI

## SQRTPI

    SQRTPI(number)

### Description

SQRTPI function returns the square root of a @number multiplied by pi.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SQRTPI(2) equals 2.506628275.

### See also

PI.

STANDARDIZE

## STANDARDIZE

    STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stdev)

### Description

STANDARDIZE function returns a normalized value. @x is the number to be normalized, @mean is the mean of the distribution, @stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

If @stddev is 0 STANDARDIZE returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

STANDARDIZE(3,2,4) equals 0.25.

### See also

AVERAGE.

STDEV

## STDEV

    STDEV(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

STDEV returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these numbers as members of a population.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

STDEV(A1:A5) equals 10.84619749.

### See also

AVERAGE, DSTDEV, DSTDEVP, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.

STDEVA

## STDEVA

    STDEVA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

STDEVA returns the standard deviation based on a sample. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

STDEVA(A1:A5) equals 15.119953704.

### See also

STDEV, STDEVPA.

STDEVP

## STDEVP

    STDEVP(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

STDEVP returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these numbers as members of a complete population.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

STDEVP(A1:A5) equals 9.701133954.

### See also

STDEV, STDEVA, STDEVPA.

STDEVPA

## STDEVPA

    STDEVPA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

STDEVPA returns the standard deviation based on the entire population. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

STDEVPA(A1:A5) equals 13.523697719.

### See also

STDEVA, STDEVP.

STEYX

## STEYX

    STEYX(known_y's,known_x's)

### Description

STEYX function returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.

If @known_y's and @known_x's are empty or have a different number of arguments then STEYX returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

STEYX(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 1.101509979.

### See also

PEARSON, RSQ, SLOPE.

SUBSTITUTE

## SUBSTITUTE

    SUBSTITUTE(text, old, new [,num])

### Description

SUBSTITUTE replaces @old with @new in @text. Substitutions are only applied to instance @num of @old in @text, otherwise every one is changed.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

SUBSTITUTE("testing","test","wait") equals "waiting".

### See also

REPLACE, TRIM.

SUBTOTAL

## SUBTOTAL

    SUMIF(function_nbr,ref1,ref2,...)

### Description

SUBTOTAL function returns a subtotal of given list of arguments. @function_nbr is the number that specifies which function to use in calculating the subtotal. The following functions are available:

1 AVERAGE

2 COUNT

3 COUNTA

4 MAX

5 MIN

6 PRODUCT

7 STDEV

8 STDEVP

9 SUM

10 VAR

11 VARP

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39. Then

SUBTOTAL(1,A1:A5) equals 30.

SUBTOTAL(6,A1:A5) equals 22378356.

SUBTOTAL(7,A1:A5) equals 6.164414003.

SUBTOTAL(9,A1:A5) equals 150.

SUBTOTAL(11,A1:A5) equals 30.4.

### See also

COUNT, SUM.

SUM

## SUM

    SUM(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

SUM computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43. Then

SUM(A1:A5) equals 107.

### See also

AVERAGE, COUNT.

SUMA

## SUMA

    SUMA(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

SUMA computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43. Then

SUMA(A1:A5) equals 107.

### See also

AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT.

SUMIF

## SUMIF

    SUMIF(range,criteria[,actual_range])

### Description

SUMIF function sums the values in the given @range that meet the given @criteria. If @actual_range is given, SUMIF sums the values in the @actual_range whose corresponding components in @range meet the given @criteria.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39. Then

SUMIF(A1:A5,"<=28") equals 78.

SUMIF(A1:A5,"<28") equals 50.

In addition, if the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 5, 3, 2, 6, and 7 then:

SUMIF(A1:A5,"<=27",B1:B5) equals 8.

### See also

COUNTIF, SUM.

SUMPRODUCT

## SUMPRODUCT

    SUMPRODUCT(range1,range2,...)

### Description

SUMPRODUCT function multiplies corresponding data entries in the given arrays or ranges, and then returns the sum of those products. If an array entry is not numeric, the value zero is used instead.

If arrays or range arguments do not have the same dimensions, SUMPRODUCT returns #VALUE! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39. Then

SUMPRODUCT(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 3370.

### See also

SUM, PRODUCT.

SUMSQ

## SUMSQ

    SUMSQ(value1, value2, ...)

### Description

SUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43. Then

SUMSQ(A1:A5) equals 2925.

### See also

SUM, COUNT.

SUMX2MY2

## SUMX2MY2

    SUMX2MY2(array1,array2)

### Description

SUMX2MY2 function returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMX2MY2 is SUM (x^2-y^2).

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2MY2 returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39. Then

SUMX2MY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -1299.

### See also

SUMSQ, SUMX2PY2.

SUMX2PY2

## SUMX2PY2

    SUMX2PY2(array1,array2)

### Description

SUMX2PY2 function returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMX2PY2 is SUM (x^2+y^2).

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2PY2 returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39. Then

SUMX2PY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 7149.

### See also

SUMSQ, SUMX2MY2.

SUMXMY2

## SUMXMY2

    SUMXMY2(array1,array2)

### Description

SUMXMY2 function returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMXMY2 is SUM (x-y)^2.

Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.

If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMXMY2 returns #N/A error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39. Then

SUMXMY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 409.

### See also

SUMSQ, SUMX2MY2, SUMX2PY2.

SYD

## SYD

    SYD(cost,salvage_value,life,period)

### Description

SYD function calculates the sum-of-years digits depriciation for an asset based on its cost, salvage value, anticipated life and a particular period. This method accelerates the rate of the depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier periods than in later ones. The depreciable cost is the actual cost minus the salvage value. The useful life is the number of periods (typically years) over with the asset is depreciated.

The Formula used for sum-of-years digits depriciation is:

Depriciation expense = ( @cost - @salvage_value ) * (@life - @period + 1) * 2 / @life * (@life + 1).

@cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). @salvage_value = amount you get when asset sold at the end of its useful life. @life = anticipated life of an asset. @period = period for which we need the expense.

### Examples

For example say a company purchases a new computer for $5000 which has a salvage value of $200, and a useful life of three years. We would use the following to calculate the second year's depreciation using the SYD method:

=SYD(5000, 200, 5, 2) which returns 1,280.00.

### See also

SLN.

T

## T

    T(value)

### Description

T returns @value if and only if it is text, otherwise a blank string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

T("text") equals "text".

T(64) returns an empty cell.

### See also

CELL, N, VALUE.

TAN

## TAN

    TAN(x)

### Description

TAN function returns the tangent of @x, where @x is given in radians.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TAN(3) equals -0.1425465.

### See also

TANH, COS, COSH, SIN, SINH, DEGREES, RADIANS.

TANH

## TANH

    TANH(x)

### Description

TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of @x, which is defined mathematically as sinh(@x) / cosh(@x).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TANH(2) equals 0.96402758.

### See also

TAN, SIN, SINH, COS, COSH, DEGREES, RADIANS.

TBILLEQ

## TBILLEQ

    TBILLEQ(settlement,maturity,discount)

### Description

TBILLEQ function returns the bond-yield equivalent (BEY) for a treasury bill. TBILLEQ is equivalent to (365 * @discount) / (360 - @discount * DSM) where DSM is the days between @settlement and @maturity.

If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLEQ returns #NUM! error. If @discount is negative, TBILLEQ returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

TBILLPRICE, TBILLYIELD.

TBILLPRICE

## TBILLPRICE

    TBILLPRICE(settlement,maturity,discount)

### Description

TBILLPRICE function returns the price per $100 value for a treasury bill where @settlement is the settlement date and @maturity is the maturity date of the bill. @discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.

If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLPRICE returns #NUM! error. If @discount is negative, TBILLPRICE returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

TBILLEQ, TBILLYIELD.

TBILLYIELD

## TBILLYIELD

    TBILLYIELD(settlement,maturity,pr)

### Description

TBILLYIELD function returns the yield for a treasury bill. @settlement is the settlement date and @maturity is the maturity date of the bill. @discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.

If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLYIELD returns #NUM! error. If @pr is negative, TBILLYIELD returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

TBILLEQ, TBILLPRICE.

TDIST

## TDIST

    TDIST(x,dof,tails)

### Description

TDIST function returns the Student's t-distribution. @dof is the degree of freedom and @tails is 1 or 2 depending on whether you want one-tailed or two-tailed distribution.

If @dof < 1 TDIST returns #NUM! error. If @tails is neither 1 or 2 TDIST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TDIST(2,5,1) equals 0.050969739.

### See also

TINV, TTEST.

TEXT

## TEXT

    TEXT(value,format_text)

### Description

TEXT returns @value as a string with the specified format.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TEXT(3.223,"$0.00") equals "$3.22".

TEXT(date(1999,4,15),"mmmm, dd, yy") equals "April, 15, 99".

### See also

DOLLAR.

TIME

## TIME

    TIME (hours,minutes,seconds)

### Description

TIME returns a fraction representing the time of day.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TIME(3, 5, 23) equals 3:05AM.

### See also

HOUR.

TIMEVALUE

## TIMEVALUE

    TIMEVALUE (timetext)

### Description

TIMEVALUE returns a fraction representing the time of day, a number between 0 and 1.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TIMEVALUE("3:05") equals 0.128472.

TIMEVALUE("2:24:53 PM") equals 0.600613.

### See also

HOUR, MINUTE.

TINV

## TINV

    TINV(p,dof)

### Description

TINV function returns the inverse of the two-tailed Student's t-distribution.

If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @dof < 1 TINV returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TINV(0.4,32) equals 0.852998454.

### See also

TDIST, TTEST.

TODAY

## TODAY

    TODAY()

### Description

TODAY returns the serial number for today (the number of days elapsed since the 1st of January of 1900).

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TODAY() returns 'Nov 6, 2001' on that particular day.

### See also

NOW.

TRANSPOSE

## TRANSPOSE

    TRANSPOSE(matrix)

### Description

TRANSPOSE function returns the transpose of the input @matrix.

### Examples

### See also

MMULT.

TREND

## TREND

    TREND(known_y's[,known_x's],new_x's])

### Description

TREND function estimates future values of a given data set using the ``least squares'' line that best fit to your data. @known_y's is the y-values where y=mx+b and @known_x's contains the corresponding x-values. @new_x's contains the x-values for which you want to estimate the y-values.

If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. If @new_x's is omitted, it is assumed to be the same as @known_x's. If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, TREND returns #NUM! error.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

TREND(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 156.52.

### See also

LINEST.

TRIM

## TRIM

    TRIM(text)

### Description

TRIM returns @text with only single spaces between words.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TRIM(" a bbb cc") equals "a bbb cc".

### See also

CLEAN, MID, REPLACE, SUBSTITUTE.

TRIMMEAN

## TRIMMEAN

    TRIMMEAN(ref,fraction)

### Description

TRIMMEAN returns the mean of the interior of a data set. @ref is the list of numbers whose mean you want to calculate and @fraction is the fraction of the data set excluded from the mean. For example, if @fraction=0.2 and the data set contains 40 numbers, 8 numbers are trimmed from the data set (40 x 0.2), 4 from the top and 4 from the bottom of the set.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

TRIMMEAN(A1:A5,0.2) equals 23.2.

### See also

AVERAGE, GEOMEAN, HARMEAN, MEDIAN, MODE.

TRUE

## TRUE

    TRUE()

### Description

TRUE returns boolean value true.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TRUE() equals TRUE.

### See also

FALSE.

TRUNC

## TRUNC

    TRUNC(number[,digits])

### Description

TRUNC function returns the value of @number truncated to the number of digits specified. If @digits is omitted then @digits defaults to zero.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TRUNC(3.12) equals 3.

TRUNC(4.15,1) equals 4.1.

### See also

INT.

TTEST

## TTEST

    TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)

### Description

TTEST function returns the probability of a Student's t-Test.

@array1 is the first data set and @array2 is the second data set. If @tails is one, TTEST uses the one-tailed distribution and if @tails is two, TTEST uses the two-tailed distribution. @type determines the kind of the test:

1 Paired test

2 Two-sample equal variance

3 Two-sample unequal variance

If the data sets contain a different number of data points and the test is paired (@type one), TTEST returns the #N/A error. @tails and @type are truncated to integers. If @tails is not one or two, TTEST returns #NUM! error. If @type is any other than one, two, or three, TTEST returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7. Then

TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,1) equals 0.003127619.

TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,2,1) equals 0.006255239.

TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,2) equals 0.111804322.

TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,3) equals 0.113821797.

### See also

FDIST, FINV.

TYPE

## TYPE

    TYPE(value)

### Description

TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

TYPE(3) equals 1.

TYPE("text") equals 2.

### See also

UNIX2DATE

## UNIX2DATE

    UNIX2DATE(unixtime)

### Description

UNIX2DATE converts a unix time into a spreadsheet date and time.

A unix time is the number of seconds since midnight January 1, 1970.

### Examples

### See also

NOW, DATE, DATE2UNIX.

UPPER

## UPPER

    UPPER(text)

### Description

UPPER returns a upper-case version of the string in @text.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

UPPER("canceled") equals "CANCELED".

### See also

LOWER.

VALUE

## VALUE

    VALUE(text)

### Description

VALUE returns numeric value of @text.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

VALUE("$1,000") equals 1000.

### See also

DOLLAR, FIXED, TEXT.

VAR

## VAR

    VAR(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

VAR estimates the variance of a sample of a population. To get the true variance of a complete population use @VARP.

(VAR is also known as the N-1-variance. Under reasonable conditions, it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true variance.)

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

VAR(A1:A5) equals 117.64.

### See also

VARP, STDEV.

VARA

## VARA

    VARA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

VARA returns the variance based on a sample. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

VARA(A1:A5) equals 228.613.

### See also

VAR, VARPA.

VARP

## VARP

    VARP(b1, b2, ...)

### Description

VARP calculates the variance of a set of numbers where each number is a member of a population and the set is the entire population.

(VARP is also known as the N-variance.)

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

VARP(A1:A5) equals 94.112.

### See also

AVERAGE, DVAR, DVARP, STDEV, VAR.

VARPA

## VARPA

    VARPA(number1,number2,...)

### Description

VARPA returns the variance based on the entire population. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then

VARPA(A1:A5) equals 182.8904.

### See also

VARP, VARP.

VDB

## VDB

    VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_period,end_period[,factor,switch])

### Description

VDB calculates the depreciation of an asset for a given period or partial period using the double-declining balance method.

### Examples

### See also

DB.

VLOOKUP

## VLOOKUP

    VLOOKUP(value,range,column[,approximate,as_index])

### Description

VLOOKUP function finds the row in range that has a first column similar to value. If @approximate is not true it finds the row with an exact equivilance. If @approximate is true, then the values must be sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case it finds the row with value less than @value. It returns the value in the row found at a 1 based offset in @column columns into the @range. @as_index returns the offset that matched rather than the value

Returns #NUM! if @column < 0. Returns #REF! if @column falls outside @range.

### Examples

### See also

HLOOKUP.

WEEKDAY

## WEEKDAY

    WEEKDAY (serial_number[, method])

### Description

WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a weekday.

This function returns an integer indicating the day of week.

@METHOD indicates the numbering system. It defaults to 1.

For @METHOD=1: Sunday is 1, Monday is 2, etc.

For @METHOD=2: Monday is 1, Tuesday is 2, etc.

For @METHOD=3: Monday is 0, Tuesday is 1, etc.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

WEEKDAY("10/24/1968") equals 5 (Thursday).

### See also

DAY, MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR.

WEEKNUM

## WEEKNUM

    WEEKNUM (date, method)

### Description

WEEKNUM returns the week number of @date according to the given @method.

@method defaults to 1.

For method=1, week starts on Sunday, and days before first Sunday are in week 0.

For method=2, week starts on Monday, and days before first Monday are in week 0.

For method=150, the ISO 8601 week number is returned.

Returns #NUM! if date or method is invalid.

This function is Excel compatible, except that Excel does not support ISO 8601 week numbers.

### Examples

If A1 contains 12/21/00 then WEEKNUM(A1,2)=51

### See also

ISOWEEKNUM.

WEIBULL

## WEIBULL

    WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

### Description

WEIBULL function returns the Weibull distribution. If the @cumulative boolean is true it will return: 1 - exp (-(@x/@beta)^@alpha), otherwise it will return (@alpha/@beta^@alpha) * @x^(@alpha-1) * exp(-(@x/@beta^@alpha)).

If @x < 0 WEIBULL returns #NUM! error. If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0 WEIBULL returns #NUM! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

WEIBULL(3,2,4,0) equals 0.213668559.

### See also

POISSON.

WORKDAY

## WORKDAY

    WORKDAY (start_date,days,holidays)

### Description

WORKDAY returns the date which is @days working days from the @start_date. Weekends and holidays optionally supplied in @holidays are respected.

Returns #NUM! if @start_date or @days are invalid.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

DAY(WORKDAY(DATE(2001,1,5),30)) equals 16 and

MONTH(WORKDAY(DATE(2001,1,5),30)) equals 2.

### See also

NETWORKDAYS.

XIRR

## XIRR

    XIRR(values,dates[,guess])

### Description

XIRR calculates and returns the internal rate of return of an investment that has not necessarily periodic payments. This function is closely related to the net present value function (NPV and XNPV). The XIRR is the interest rate for a serie of cash flow where the XNPV is zero.

@values contains the serie of cash flow generated by the investment. @dates contains the dates of the payments. The first date describes the payment day of the initial payment and thus all the other dates should be after this date. The optional @guess is the initial value used in calculating the XIRR. You do not have to use that, it is only provided for the Excel compatibility.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1:A5 contain the numbers -6000, 2134, 1422, 1933, and 1422, and the cells B1:B5 contain the dates "1999-01-15", "1999-04-04", "1999-05-09", "2000-03-12", and "2000-05-1". Then

XIRR(A1:A5,B1:B5) returns 0.224838.

### See also

IRR, XNPV.

XNPV

## XNPV

    XNPV(rate,values,dates)

### Description

XNPV calculates the net present value of an investment. The schedule of the cash flows is given in @dates array. The first date indicates the beginning of the payment schedule. @rate is the interest rate and @values are the payments.

If @values and @dates contain unequal number of values, XNPV returns the #NUM! error.

### Examples

### See also

NPV, PV.

YEAR

## YEAR

    YEAR (serial_number)

### Description

YEAR converts a serial number to a year.

Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

YEAR(DATE(2003, 4, 30)) equals 2003.

### See also

DAY, MONTH, TIME, NOW.

YIELD

## YIELD

    YIELD(settle,mat,rate,price,redemption_price,frequency[,basis])

### Description

Use YIELD to calculate the yield on a security that pays periodic interest. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, YIELD returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

YIELDDISC

## YIELDDISC

    YIELDDISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption[,basis])

### Description

YIELDDISC calculates the annual yield of a security that is discounted. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @pr is the price per $100 face value of the security. @redemption is the redemption value per $100 face value. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, YIELDDISC returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

YIELDMAT

## YIELDMAT

    YIELDMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,pr[,basis])

### Description

YIELDMAT calculates the annual yield of a security for which the interest is payed at maturity date. @settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @issue is the issue date of the security. @rate is the interest rate set to the security. @pr is the price per $100 face value of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

0 US 30/360

1 actual days/actual days

2 actual days/360

3 actual days/365

4 European 30/360

If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, YIELDMAT returns #NUM! error. If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied. If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

### Examples

### See also

ZTEST

## ZTEST

    ZTEST(ref,x)

### Description

ZTEST returns the two-tailed probability of a z-test.

@ref is the data set and @x is the value to be tested.

If @ref contains less than two data items ZTEST returns #DIV/0! error.

This function is Excel compatible.

### Examples

Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then

ZTEST(A1:A5,20) equals 0.254717826.

### See also

CONFIDENCE, NORMDIST, NORMINV, NORMSDIST, NORMSINV, STANDARDIZE.