m.u2ll(1)		      Grass User's Manual		     m.u2ll(1)



NNAAMMEE
       mm..uu22llll	-  Converts Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates to
       geographic (latitude/longitude) coordinates.
       _(_G_R_A_S_S _D_a_t_a _I_m_p_o_r_t_/_P_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_n_g _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_)

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       mm..uu22llll
       mm..uu22llll hheellpp
       mm..uu22llll [--ssrrwwoodd] sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e [zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e] [iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e] [oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       _m_._u_2_l_l converts Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) northings and east-
       ings  to  geographic coordinates (i.e., latitudes and longitudes).  The
       user must specify the UTM coordinates to be converted and the  spheroid
       on  which  the  geographic coordinates will be based.  The program also
       needs to know the UTM zone in which the input coordinates are  located.
       However,  if  the  user is running GRASS from a UTM data base LOCATION,
       _m_._u_2_l_l will use this data base's UTM zone designation, if  no  zone  is
       specified by the user.


       The  GRASS  program  _m_._l_l_2_u  performs the reverse operation, converting
       geographic coordinates to UTM coordinates.


       The list of spheroids available is somewhat dynamic.  At  the  time  of
       this  release,  available spheroids included: airy, australian, bessel,
       clark66, everest,  grs80,  hayford,  international,  krasovsky,	wgs66,
       wgs72, and wgs84 (see table below).


       This command can be run either non-interactively or interactively.  The
       user can run the program non-interactively  by  entering  desired  flag
       settings  and  parameter values on the command line using the following
       format:


       mm..uu22llll [--ssrrwwoodd] sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e [zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e] [iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e] [oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e]





       Alternately, the user can simply type:


       mm..uu22llll



       on the command line.  In this case,  the  user  will  be  prompted  for
       parameter  values  and  flag  settings  through	the standard interface
       described in the manual entry for _p_a_r_s_e_r.


       Input can be entered from the keyboard  or  from  an  input  file.   In
       either  case, input should be entered with one UTM easting and northing
       pair per line, in the format shown below:


       easting northing easting northing easting northing easting northing end



       If the user sets the -r flag, _m_._u_2_l_l will expect the order of the coor-
       dinates to be reversed, and stated as northing, easting	pairs,	rather
       than  as  easting,  northing  pairs.   This is useful for passing ASCII
       GRASS vector (_/_d_i_g) files, whose coordinates are  stated  as  northing,
       easting pairs, directly through _m_._u_2_l_l.


       Similarly,  the	user can elect to send output to an output file or (by
       default) to standard output  (the  user's  terminal  screen).   Example
       input and output are shown below (see EXAMPLE).


       Program flag settings and parameters have the following meanings.



   FFllaaggss::
       --ss     Specified UTM zone is in the southern hemisphere.

       --rr     The  order  of coordinates is reversed in the input, and entered
	      as:  _n_o_r_t_h _e_a_s_t.	This option allows the user to pass  an  ascii
	      vector file through _m_._u_2_l_l.

       --ww     Do not flag invalid east, north input lines as errors.

       --oo     Flag other invalid input lines as errors.

       --dd     Output latitude/longitude values in decimal degrees, rather than
	      in the form _d_d_:_m_m_:_s_s.




   PPaarraammeetteerrss::
       sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e
	      Reference spheroid (ellipsoid).
	      Options:	airy, australian,  bessel,  clark66,  everest,	grs80,
	      hayford, international, krasovsky, wgs66, wgs72, wgs84

       zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e
	      UTM zone in which UTM coordinates are located.
	      Options:	1-60

       iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e
	      Name of input file containing UTM values to be converted.

       oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e
	      Name to be assigned to output file containing longitude and lat-
	      itude values.





       AAVVAAIILLAABBLLEE SSPPHHEERROOIIDDSS
       (The on-line listing includes only the spheroid names.)
       (The on-line listing includes only the spheroid names.)	    |
       Spheroid:      |   Semi-major axis   | Eccentricity sqrd (e),| Commonly
       used for:
		      | (Equatorial Radius) | Flattening (f),	    |
		      |    (a): 	    | or Polar Radius (b):  |
       ---------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------
	airy	      | a=6377563.396	    | e=.006670540	    |
	australian    | a=6378160	     |	f=1/298.25	       |  Aus-
       tralia
	bessel	      | a=6377397.155	    | e=.006674372	    | Japan
	clark66       | a=6378206.4	    | b=6356583.8	    | N. Amer-
       ica
	everest       | a=6377276.345	    | e=.0066378466	     |	India,
       Burma
	grs80	      | a=6378137	    | f=1/298.257	    |
	hayford       | a=6378388	    | f=1/297		    |
	international | a=6378388	    | f=1/297		    | Europe
	krasovsky     | a=6378245	    | f=1/298.3 	    |
	wgs66	       |  a=6378145	      | f=1/298.25	      | world-
       wide coverage
	wgs72	      | a=6378135	    | f=1/298.26	     |	world-
       wide coverage
	wgs84	       |  a=6378137	      | f=1/298.257223563     | world-
       wide coverage



EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
       Assume the user has input the command:


       mm..uu22llll  --ss  sspphheerrooiidd==_w_g_s_7_2  zzoonnee==_4  iinnppuutt==_u_t_m_._i_n_f_i_l_e  oouuttppuutt==_l_l_._o_u_t_f_i_l_e



       where the input file _u_t_m_._i_n_f_i_l_e contains the following easting and nor-
       thing UTM coordinate values and zone designations:
	    237740.85 2167292.10
	    238740.00 2167000.00
	    239000.00 2167100.00
	    237100.00 2166000.00
	    end
	Output would then be sent to the output  file  _l_l_._o_u_t_f_i_l_e,  containing
       the below longitude and latitude coordinate values:
	    166:02:25.645137W	70:27:46.615528S
	    166:00:53.237056W	70:27:59.692673S
	    166:00:27.23258W	70:27:57.454281S
	    166:03:41.428895W	70:28:25.61617S
	    end


NNOOTTEESS
       Users can add information to the ellipsoid parameter definition file on
       their systems (located in $GISBASE/etc/ellipse.table) to add  spheroids
       not now among those supported by GRASS.


       See _m_._l_l_2_u for a brief discussion of spheroids.


       The  UTM  zone designation determines on what area of the earth a point
       is found.  The same UTM coordinates will be found in each different UTM
       zone.   Look  at  the  marginalia  of your source map to determine into
       which UTM zone your UTM coordinates fall.  Although the user  can  per-
       missibly  omit  specification  of  a UTM zone when running this program
       under a UTM data base LOCATION, it is safer to specify it (see DESCRIP-
       TION, above).


       _m_._u_2_l_l converts the first pair of coordinates on each line of input and
       leaves anything else on the line alone.	If a line begins:


       xxxxxx.xx xxxxxxx.xx



       then the xxxxxx.xx xxxxxxx.xx UTM coordinate pair  is  converted  to  a
       longitude,  latitude pair.  Any other information appearing on the line
       is left alone.  If the line doesn't begin with a pair of coordinates in
       the above format, then the line is left as it is.

FFIILLEESS
       See  ellipsoid parameter definition file in $GISBASE/etc/ellipse.table.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       For australian, clark66, grs80, hayford, international, krasovsky,  and
       wgs72 ellipsoid parameters, see:
       John  P.  Snyder, _M_a_p _P_r_o_j_e_c_t_i_o_n_s _- _A  _W_o_r_k_i_n_g  _M_a_n_u_a_l, U.S. Government
       Printing Office, Washington DC, 1989.  U.S. Geological  Survey  Profes-
       sional Paper 1395;  from Table 1, p.12.


       For bessel, airy, everest, and wgs66 ellipsoid parameter values, see:
       Thomas  O.  Seppelin, _T_h_e  _D_e_p_a_r_t_m_e_n_t  _o_f _D_e_f_e_n_s_e _W_o_r_l_d _G_e_o_d_e_t_i_c _S_y_s_t_e_m
       _1_9_7_2, presented at the International Symposium on Problems  Related  to
       the  Redefinition of North American Geodetic Networks, Fredericton, New
       Brunswick, Canada in May, 1974;	see Table 9, p.35.


       For wgs84 parameter values, see:
       U.S. Naval Oceanographic Labs.


       Also read GRASS User's Reference Manual entries for:
       _d_._l_a_b_e_l

       _d_._p_o_i_n_t_s

       _d_._s_i_t_e_s

       _d_._w_h_e_r_e

       _m_._d_a_t_u_m_._s_h_i_f_t

       _m_._g_c_2_l_l

       _m_._l_l_2_g_c

       _m_._l_l_2_u

       _p_a_r_s_e_r

AAUUTTHHOORR
       Michael Shapiro, U.S.Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

       _L_a_s_t _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_: _$_D_a_t_e_: _2_0_0_2_/_0_1_/_2_5 _0_5_:_4_5_:_3_3 _$



GRASS 5.0							     m.u2ll(1)
