XMLmind FO Converter

XMLmind XML Editor - User's Guide

Hussein Shafie

Pixware

<xmleditor-support@xmlmind.com>

XMLmind XML Editor - User's Guide

Hussein Shafie

Pixware

<xmleditor-support@xmlmind.com>

Published June 21, 2007

Abstract

This document is essentially a tutorial for XMLmind XML Editor (XXE for short). It also contains installation instructions for Unix and information about the content of the distribution.

1. Install PAGEREF install 0

1. Installing XXE PAGEREF installing_xxe 0

1.1. Requirements PAGEREF d0e50 0

1.2. Install on Linux (or manual install on the Mac) PAGEREF d0e125 0

1.3. Manual install on Windows PAGEREF d0e170 0

2. Content of the installation directory PAGEREF content_of_install_dir 0

3. Acknowledgments PAGEREF acknowledgments 0

2. Tutorial: basics PAGEREF tutorial_basics 0

1. Starting XXE PAGEREF starting_xxe 0

2. Creating a new document PAGEREF new_document 0

3. Inserting elements PAGEREF insert_element 0

4. Selecting elements PAGEREF select_element 0

4.1. The implicit element selection PAGEREF d0e965 0

4.2. The text selection PAGEREF d0e983 0

4.3. The node selection PAGEREF d0e997 0

4.3.1. Most general method PAGEREF d0e1000 0

4.3.2. Directly selecting a node PAGEREF d0e1091 0

4.3.3. Selecting a node range PAGEREF d0e1146 0

5. Navigating through elements PAGEREF navigate_through_elements 0

5.1. Using Tab to go from a #text to the other, just like in a form PAGEREF d0e1235 0

5.2. XXE makes a difference between the end of a #text node and the beginning of the #text node next to it PAGEREF d0e1295 0

6. Copy, cut, paste, delete PAGEREF copy_cut_paste 0

6.1. Copy, cut, paste, delete applied to the text selection PAGEREF d0e1482 0

6.2. Copy, cut, paste, delete applied to the node selection PAGEREF d0e1564 0

7. Splitting and joining elements PAGEREF split_join_element 0

7.1. Simple Split and Join PAGEREF d0e1640 0

7.2. Split and Join generalized PAGEREF d0e1703 0

8. Replacing elements PAGEREF replace_element 0

9. Converting elements PAGEREF convert_element 0

9.1. Convert applied to the text selection PAGEREF d0e1976 0

9.2. Convert applied to the node selection PAGEREF d0e2034 0

10. Editing element attributes PAGEREF edit_attributes 0

10.1. Required attributes in newly created elements PAGEREF d0e2280 0

11. Checking document validity PAGEREF check_validity 0

3. Tutorial: creating a modular document PAGEREF tutorial_modular_document 0

1. Creating the Copyright.html document PAGEREF create_module 0

2. Inserting a reference to Copyright.html into the XHTML page PAGEREF insert_reference_to_module 0

3. Extensive use of the "Copy as Reference" command PAGEREF extensive_copy_as_reference 0

4. Creating modular documents which are highly interchangeable with other applications PAGEREF interchangeable_modular_documents 0

4. Being productive with XXE PAGEREF being_productive 0

1. Do not use the tree view PAGEREF no_tree_view 0

2. Quickly type plain text after a bold or italic element PAGEREF insert_key 0

3. Quickly insert after an element, another element of the same type PAGEREF add_same_element 0

4. Use auto-completion as much as possible PAGEREF auto_completion 0

5. When possible, apply commands to node ranges PAGEREF node_range 0

6. Learn important keyboard shortcuts PAGEREF keyboard_shortcuts 0

7. Quickly paste selected text using mouse button #2 PAGEREF paste_with_button2 0

8. Drop graphics files on img , imagedata , image , etc, elements PAGEREF drop_graphics_files 0

9. Easily select paragraphs, list items, table rows, etc, using the ``interactive gray margins'' PAGEREF interactive_gray_margins 0

10. Quickly insert ``XML variables'' in your document using the Include tool PAGEREF include_tool 0

XMLmind XML Editor - User's Guide

XMLmind XML Editor - User's Guide

Chapter 1. Install

1. Installing XXE

1.1. Requirements

Sun or Apple Java ™ runtime 1.4.1 or above.

At least 256Mb of memory and a 600MHz CPU (1GHz CPU if options such as text anti-aliasing or on-the-fly spell checking are turned on).

60Mb of free disk space, 120Mb for a self-contained distribution which includes a Java ™ 1.5 runtime.

XXE is officially supported on Windows 2000/XP/Vista, on Linux 2.4/2.6 and on Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)

1 Note that XXE is no longer officially supported on Windows NT 4 and on Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther).

1 . It is possible to use it on other Java ™ 1.4.1+ platforms (e.g. Solaris), but without support from XMLmind.

XXE has been tested with:

Sun Java ™ runtime 1.4.1+ (up to 1.6.0_01) under Windows 2000, XP, Vista, openSUSE Linux 9.0, 9.3, 10.2.

Mac OS X 10.4.9 (Tiger) and Java ™ 1.5.0_07.

Apache HTTP server 2.0.44 + mod_dav with mod_dav_fs and mod_dav_svn ( Subversion ) backends.

Apache Tomcat WebDAV servlet.

Various Unix FTP servers.

Windows 2003 IIS HTTP server + its WebDAV extension.

Windows 2003 FTP server.

1.2. Install on Linux (or manual install on the Mac)

Tip

On the Mac, it is strongly recommended to download and install the auto-installable .dmg file.

Make sure that the Java ™ bin/ directory is referenced in the $PATH and, at the same time, check that the Java ™ runtime in the $PATH has the right version:

$ java -version
java version "1.6.0"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b105)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.6.0-b105, mixed mode, sharing)

Unpack the XXE distribution inside any directory you want:

$ cd
$ tar zxvf xxe-perso-3_6_1.tar.gz
$ ls xxe-perso-3_6_1
addon/
bin/
demo/
doc/

XXE is intended to be used directly from the xxe-perso-3_6_1/ directory. That is, you can start XXE by simply executing:

$ xxe-perso-3_6_1/bin/xxe &

After that, you may want to add xxe-perso-3_6_1/bin/ to your $PATH.

1.3. Manual install on Windows

Tip

On Windows, it is strongly recommended to download and install one of the two auto-installable setup.exe files.

Make sure that you have a Java ™ 1.4.1+ runtime installed on your machine. To check this, open a command window and type " java -version " followed by Enter. You should get something looking like this:

C:\> java -version
java version "1.5.0_04"
Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_04-b05)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_04-b05, mixed mode, sharing)

Use a tool like WinZip , 7-Zip or Info-Zip

2 Note that Windows XP has built-in support for .zip archives.

2 to unzip the XXE distribution inside any directory you want:

C:\> mkdir XMLmind
C:\> cd XMLmind
C:\XMLmind> unzip xxe-perso-3_6_1.zip
C:\XMLmind> dir xxe-perso-3_6_1
... <DIR> addon
... <DIR> bin
... <DIR> demo
... <DIR> doc

XXE is intended to be used directly from the xxe-perso-3_6_1/ directory. That is, you can start XXE by simply executing:

C:\XMLmind> xxe-perso-3_6_1\bin\xxe.exe

After that, you may want to add a shortcut to " C:\XMLmind\xxe-perso-3_6_1\bin\xxe.exe " on your desktop.

Note that the bin directory contains, not only xxe.exe , but also a equivalent xxe.bat which may be handy if you intend to customize the way XXE is started.

2. Content of the installation directory

bin/

Contains XXE code ( .jar files) and many scripts used to start XXE and its associated utilities.

bin/xxe, xxe.bat

Scripts used to start XXE. Use xxe on any Unix system. Use xxe.bat on Windows.

bin/xxe.exe, xxe.jstart

Only when installing XXE on Windows using any of the * setup * .exe distributions. File xxe.exe is XXE launcher and xxe.jstart is its (plain text, UTF-8 encoded) associated parameter file.

bin/deploywebstart, deploywebstart.bat

Scripts used to generate a Java ™ Web Start configuration ( .jnlp file, signed jars, etc) from a possibly customized XXE distribution. Use deploywebstart on any Unix system. Use deploywebstart.bat on Windows.

The deploywebstart command-line tool is documented in the the section called “The deploywebstart command-line tool” in XMLmind XML Editor - Configuration and Deployment .

bin/xsdvalid, dtdvalid, rngvalid, schvalid, xsdvalid.bat, dtdvalid.bat, rngvalid.bat, schvalid.bat

Scripts used to run xsdvalid , dtdvalid , rngvalid and schvalid . See XMLmind Validation Toolset User's Guide for more information about these tools.

bin/csscheck, csscheck.bat

Scripts used to check the syntax of CSS style sheets written for XXE.

bin/convertdoc, convertdoc.bat

Scripts used to run convertdoc . This tool allows to execute XXE process commands from the command line, exactly as if these process commands were executed from XXE.

See the section called “The convertdoc command line tool” in XMLmind XML Editor - Commands for more information about this tool.

bin/*.jar

All the (non-system) Java ™ class libraries needed to run XXE:

xxe_app.jar and xxe.jar contain the code of XXE.

xxe_help.jar contains the online help of XXE.

xsc.jar is XMLmind Spell-Checker product, the best buy for spell-checker written entirely in the Java ™ language. For more information, please visit http://www.xmlmind.com/spellchecker/ .

jh.jar is the standard Java ™ help engine.

resolver.jar contains Apache XML Commons Resolver which implements catalog-based entity and URI resolution.

xp.jar is James Clark's XML parser. See http://www.jclark.com/ .

Substantial parts of xsdregex.jar , James Clark's XSD to Java Regular Expression Translator, have been directly added to xxe.jar (which is why file xsdregex.jar is not included in the distribution). Download original package from http://www.thaiopensource.com/download/ .

Package com.jclark.xsl.expr contains the implementation of XPath 1.0 used by XT, James Clark's XSLT engine. A modified version of this package, renamed com.xmlmind.xmledit.xpath , has been directly added to xxe.jar (which is why file xt.jar is not included in the distribution). Download full XT from http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt-old.html or from http://www.blnz.com/xt/index.html .

relaxng.jar is Jing version 20030619, James Clark's RELAX NG validator, slightly modified for use in XXE. The details of the modifications are found in relaxng.README .

saxon.jar is Michael H. Kay's XSLT 1 engine. See http://saxon.sourceforge.net/ .

These excellent packages have not been developed by XMLmind. Copyright information is contained in the corresponding .LICENSE file. Read the corresponding .README file to have more details about these packages.

In general, theses packages are not the most widely used/most well-known tools of their category. But we have also tested the most widely used/most well-known tools of their category and have found the packages listed above to be smaller, faster and more reliable than the big names. Many, many thanks to the authors of these packages.

bin/legal/, legal.txt

Contains legal information about XXE and about third-party components used in XXE.

bin/icons/

Contains desktop icons for XXE.

bin/mac/

Contains files (e.g. Info.plist ) used on the Mac to create XMLEditor.app from a .zip or a .tar.gz distribution.

addon/

The addon/ directory is the place where XXE finds its extensions, whatever is the type of this extension: configurations, plug-ins, translations to languages other than English, spell-checker dictionaries.

This addon/ directory is recursively scanned by XXE at startup time. Therefore, feel free to organize it as you want.

addon/config/

Contains configuration files for a few XML applications: DocBook, XHTML, W3C XML Schema, etc.

The content of a configuration file, which specifies a customization of XXE for a specific XML application, is described in detail in Chapter 2, Writing a configuration file for XXE in XMLmind XML Editor - Configuration and Deployment .

addon/spell/

Contains the bundled dictionaries used by the spell-checker. A dictionary is a file whose name is LL .dar , where LL is an ISO code for a language.

The distribution of XXE only contains an English dictionary (with CA, GB, US variants). Additional dictionaries, German, French, Spanish, can be downloaded and installed using Options|Install Add-ons.

Moreover, you can add user-contributed dictionaries to the list of available add-ons by dragging and dropping this URL http://www.xmlmind.net/spellchecker/_download/list.xxe_addon to the list displayed by the Preferences dialog box (Options|Preferences, Install add-ons section).

doc/

Contains XMLmind XML Editor documentation in HTML and PDF (Acrobat) formats.

Note that:

doc/user/

Contains this User's Guide in HTML and PDF (Acrobat) formats.

The source of the User's Guide is also available in DocBook format ( userguide.xml ) in case you want to open it in XXE.

demo/

Contains XML documents that can be opened in XXE to demo some of its features.

3. Acknowledgments

On Windows, XMLmind XML Editor installer (i.e. * setup * .exe ) is built using Inno Setup ™ by Jordan Russell's software . XMLmind highly recommends this excellent and free-to-use tool.

Install

Install

Chapter 2. Tutorial: basics

What you'll not learn by reading this tutorial

This tutorial will not teach you how to use most nifty features of XXE:

how to use the Ins key or the Enter key to quickly insert text nodes and elements,

how to change an image displayed in the document view by dragging and dropping a graphics file onto it,

how to quickly insert or move columns by using the table editor,

etc.

Most of these smart tricks are listed in chapter Being productive with XXE [ PAGEREF being_productive 0 ] . Other features are specific to the type of the document being edited (XHTML, DocBook, DITA, etc) and therefore, are documented in the online help which comes with the XXE configuration associated to the document type.

No, this tutorial will just teach you the most basic way to do things. On the other hand, what you'll learn here will work for any type of document, and not only for XHTML.

This tutorial assumes that the reader has a minimal knowledge of XML (that is, the reader knows what is an element, an attribute, etc) and a minimal knowledge of HTML or XHTML (that is, the reader knows that p is the tag for a paragraph, that ul is a list, etc).

It is recommended that, using XXE, the reader repeats each action described in this tutorial. (On Mac, use the Command key instead of the Control key, except for Ctrl -Tab and Ctrl -Space.)

1. Starting XXE

If you have installed an auto-installable Windows distribution ( xxe-perso-3_6_1-setup.exe ), XXE can be started by double-clicking on the icon of xxe.exe or by using the "XMLmind XML Editor" shortcut added to the Start menu.

If you have installed a zipped distribution, XXE can be started by typing xxe (or xxe.bat ) from the command prompt, optionally followed by the name of one or several XML documents.

Example:

C> xxe C:\xxe-perso-3_6_1\doc\user\userguide.xml

On Unix, XXE can be started by typing xxe from an xterm, optionally followed by the name of one or several XML documents.

Example:

$ xxe &

2. Creating a new document

Use File|New and choose a document template from the following dialog box.

Figure 2.1. The File|New dialog box

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Alternatively, use File|Open as Template and choose an existing XML document. A copy of this existing XML document will be emptied to serve as the skeleton of your new document. For example, use this command to select userguide.xml (User's Guide in DocBook format) file contained in the doc/user / subdirectory of your XXE distribution.

In this tutorial, we have chosen to create a XHTML page (strict DTD).

The newly created document ( Untitled.html ) looks like this:

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAigAAAB+BAMAAAD8a/d1AAAAMFBMVEX///8AAITGw8YAAACEgoTA wMAAAICAAACEAAC1ts7n5/+lpsbOz+eMiqWEgpzOz//p42GTAAAEJElEQVR42u2dMW/TQBTH3yW+ tKgStTtUbJRuMEBBYoaZDDmxsjifAvEtWJmaBVhdiX4C5qqVyoaEQGIBgewMkdocwbx3dhondqUK qOrI/9fo/HyOLN3z7/733sVS1cOEYPPme5OPiMK8efe9dmsLcZiz1qQ1QRQWre21KYWqFE1tgJRz SGmkxfn4r5ecdZp4Qopo7e/PTYqJzpeXW8cl53BKygHRjokaFBQ7c5TvwLGzi7mmXPt2/H5AOtaO oR47SS+TXz6I16PpmWt7I/5qL45HcaK5yaMvfXIp5kvUi3s1FnBd5QTuwzOo5UjR704eaw5Wlwyf DWwwpij7Oh/EG5jpmWsZqi6HuLNGWiJs8qB3+U4R37gfkXCnl4IU4oeYOCfxVTojxdhHcXiHnX1K +TETA5Aa2xMMEktmzF2vHRbGCiydcbJGEUXGahrLbSQAjEu4qyJL3BkZGiRUJHIpSEmVn8xIibw4 3pTn3aWo47+hZxR2Ij3op0+Uz0NUrqs/7qfkuLG+cvIdZcPOG0N75EvSY12U8mYJSJk5SVrUlDQe Dt1M4YtMA1PAT5x22TFuekjXPv9xt1rL4rqZHUITZsEOXAyMCt2hozv5pFoiUkge9kxT0nh9VYZu yOjZAw4ClghNWUN2FtUk7To0RFAG0VRTKKVR5GSHBWVsl0ZTzhyVJn5BU9Lh0Jfh7Aspmkcj0WGd 4DhZbkw2QOl2y1GHBjKRTGGisKboJBwLVXpuXtWWlCAI/HlS/CRVBU1J11df8HD874ofNV8kkWE+ 25O6SCYTdxm3uGSTzBf5MQKF6sgqL9Hjj3JUCUPkh8LfaBlIyaJjnUy67GKiHhzdTJ6+fXlj5fmX JmW0P6aJbMk53AhcRhvdfkVOCZqT0ba2MxksO5TXPu0DOW0SKXQvPtfJax8byKpjmxSUT+c6Kiel 5pnWVeynqABxmDMhZRthKNqvr9ijLdlPz2nKASJRsK1p7QOb0xTs5lesPiAFpFzAdkBK2Y5ACkgB KSAFpIAUkFITUmrxfkrbO3NPr54U72zn7WrttFas1ORNphU19U7qUPuAlPqSUqvwgJTy6vOBSWmD lPLqMwEpWH2gKX9LCjSlghRoSsXqgzwFtc8SaUrdVh9oCmof5CmofVD7oPaBpiBPQe2D2ge1DzQF tQ/yFGgK8hTUPqh9/lFTavEmU81eHMKbTNWk4KW3ClKAysLqg7cjK1YfaApIASkgBaSAFJACUkAK SAEpIKVJpLTFEI8pKdluPuZQgRQPpIAUkAJSQMrlk9IGKQuW/0KIOVScPtCUalIIpCwYNKWKlOwX Qqw+yFOQpyBP+V+kICAlUrDzViIFe7QgBaSAFJACUkAKSAEpIAWkgJRmkCJ7tPi3LUW7+wGkQFMu ZiClwkAKSAEpIAWkXDYpfwAPhgSXQj8WBAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

The ``blobs'' are placeholders for text. Click on the first placeholder and type the title of your XHTML page. Click on the second placeholder and type a few words.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAiAAAABZBAMAAAD1FYIPAAAAMFBMVEX///8AAACEAACAAADAwMDG w8YAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACl8g3yAAAE2UlEQVR42u1cYZbbKAwWdn8n cIKk7gW89Ql6hB68fblA/Tz7fweS/zErCYONk52+eZu8NbOibcCSkIP49IHHTJUBKVmRgGTlWyUx yIsERALyZtESkLw4CYikjKSMIEQ4RBAiHCIIEQ4RhAiHCEKEQwQhwiGCkP8bh3x6tMe65epH3f5Y q9oTdNcT1Fe4o8TSAWo/HEK8pYL1bahoAigu95T0VazbAIc8HCGKPy0oewOQvwD2r1BjNG6V3PPX BnLm4QG59tCMA4JArTVWA/xExfmeEv4BNh+IVD10HWdK104McTnC12Pd+gaUXyio1SVsoWGLl6Ss O9YFi8lb1wVhOynbIgKi+bOxRBfVwdUxizQ47R0YBkNSYMtiuKoDfAlEf8GOpPQzbvzkrbFcHRxa L11se6eq3TTf9gLwh/b2GKKEsQCnKDRUkgJbYO0RwxUGv+eOqBz9MTBPIB3yZsYeq5rCapcutr0x c2FOdz1Fxb72ATE/YTcQxwyqh0wB1vUD6OuJFNwdL9GW8AT8j7yN/aBwIRoAK+/63PfWERKqEwwe 11ocwiUBB1XEH2qpqGHEP5dALFRG6jxSXBEMIbwKrREwY899W7TIfW942YU4qWEcmPyRLqf5phXG w0LhFSJn+DyvMjpWLByCTVQgI8cbLHwXwiE4mWomRha7CIRZwYJoGuzUVCUh26CkbqgTeVJLFyUg hIGACFG/MmqJQVgoePb9vDmZUITVFdrLbrZByQHGPz/zDXLfBSAEAlUsZlDP2UBTnxSKF5PFZDtu BkAFX5M1LrJIrZ4tMhclrDJTTEYcavVlySEQoHNNCnzWg8rt7uKsSrBCayTSwD8D7j4OsHCx5add ivLrYt+pXYPfnMvlODCHND2D4ZIUuHcFN/d4DU2MxcshcGqwZjANLbtIwmsJCIkcQgM7rdfjSJRD Eg/hY8UhZO2zRWSHo68ap0IQ1NJFQRyCD3pj+OIvOOeakigMc1aMLwD9XQ4ZIwAUGZzIB/T7I21K hsz3A/dQ2z6F2Ew781uqqJqn3HDjpxCr+z8b+IphOj7njk/ZhzwOH6CG+4neEKM8o2z7vYxOwMg3 6EO2uG9/lXncdE3Pv+sfsdHT3254zi3laHdevst7mZI45L9d2KRsn1QFIcIhghDhEEGIcIggRDhE ECIcIkUQIhwiCBEOKQwhqoR4CIcIhwiHvD9llDFmet0+p7pOKa/M7zlgNtYfACHeej46Gt6F3RzL 2dt3ONy7wiFSLaZWg+EDPgQJpUgSWgq0xpbG6yBDCVoqlHJDmwkZhgR0icaQrMGohLLtp0x4c0ej U5QlfLaPBoMXOrXCAEkXZIotqeKGCRJgIf03Txw8naxjfEoIyPzmLssXN0uSOMr4LFw8hs4NvzZG wVm5ZA2uMA6Zh2KYEs9mzae3MhPJ07zNopOHYlJm9fsyNpyFtToe/psPFFp9jhxLRGPjiVr7diaw 9dJRUTvVuOJmJJPVOlnpuXH3t4H2C2u9clrMTtWbfUgPN42WWxBbOKbznv6SpZsbfrKaus8lWLOt caoMDnnf+RC1XqNuELXUqbxbERH59i/OmBl4Y8emZtJQ2pezzLzz0F22i7X5in1r6SMfy9Pu76Mp T7uCkIIf/6UIQoRDBCHCIYKQ53CIkrPuefkbS7/Zu4luHEUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

Click again anywhere on the title and then anywhere in the first paragraph. You'll notice that, at the top of the window, just below the tool bar icons, the node path bar changes its label.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAPUAAAAZBAMAAAAbGXWvAAAAMFBMVEXGw8YAAACEhoT////AwMBa XVpCQUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABP001aAAABEUlEQVR42uVWzWrDMAzWl+Q4 sPQGbQ47D/pCfe8x2BPM9o6jTJOTmLSlYxSc6jChYFkCf9aPpUDIi3Tokxf200AnN8c7P2gaiEYn 6A/D/n73webOL+T0j7ExcUkAVWld6xZVwRv53Y3PF8ZxPN7QtnxjhAAlyvYd8IqQRJMkKLR/IUYs WvNWM0dO0hg7ZFJJYVaEjAhEWVotIn8artrVDNpsjWNeYJQWsLooT5fRs5wLaWgd85WuIgr5mrVT pWnzqcO0L0ez8VTnbBtjWSpd5uo3nQnFxs372npiDirG1cdV4mw1oYymfu9uG9D6Od/Rz8Mj+tov lM7Lfqve0h982vnblgn9w2vH+X1ynaFw/D//AfrDQ7G2hWSmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

The node path bar shows where is the caret (also called insertion cursor).

The node path bar does so by displaying the name of the node (anonymous text node #text ) containing the caret preceded by the name of each of its ancestors elements in the containment hierarchy (element p contained in element body contained in element html ).

3. Inserting elements

In this section, we'll get familiar with the following commands:

Insert before element

Insert inside element, at caret location

Insert after element

These commands are accessible using the Edit menu bar menu, using the Edit tool ``tab'' or using keyboard shortcuts, but in this tutorial we'll limit ourselves to using the Edit popup menu. Therefore the notation Edit|Insert means "click anywhere in the document view using the right mouse button and select menu item Insert in the Edit popup menu".

Figure 2.2. The Edit popup menu

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIsAAAFRBAMAAAC25UMxAAAAMFBMVEXGw8YAAIT///+EgoQAAADA wMAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACobUqSAAAI/klEQVR42u1czW/bRhZ/5AxV 22kVKYb3UDSSrFx6qFXGvCywCjxY8NJDAcn7fwbaQ28Coha6JqJVFHEKVFDqAvkotpTkQ5wVPzpD UhJJfXGGatomlClySErPP76Z95s3b95IqsIOXo6k7ELMv/DXRnopEkiyk14MeiA3dvFQGZp3i4YA 9o7+XtfJ7DI9IXizJHmdGCDzy/QK3iQGkZhuMCags3/un+lUhk4F1MECdod49zG7P8O6Eg2mH2Sf w94p/aOnxAfEiov7GPAGNNAJ3jM0Vn1xx6II/Ps6sXQr8hStDc9sdaJP3J4haNONhG+uajehpya4 yw7d4BHIXOcYuut0g1m14kCFnqqYiokeVDi7s7gfVjEicM7f2vByhaNnLq+Qf382jLe9sgiaFc0v 45sPFw3SNL+g8guSQxZummrczBKLCenGGchIA6RSXCl0Q7/fq03ycH3bmeQN8Zoy3RIqyvJPIA94 nyvMfs6FfWcEBZG6irabCtTy8B8BMREutgsXUl9y5Aut/EQYjQ3Qt82SPal8bT7JbCpD88GhCVHd nESBl0uj3taMRJddFi4u9klU1RiJIg1JPCo+fxgjUdSrAaXSSV7+bZhYxSH/Rv5oL3drX4Lcgbwv 9Y8leJr4kcph3aCLoWuOqGrp/sQU7qemlEQHeYleGeTl5+JcTElU67uacaz1j09AEms3FIusVCun cgWqdDunx8TtZtn3O+Vv11SMvAGeWCsOGuH7wDeSmlqI8QA3WuZO0GRc/LfrGYJRPBaxqbCF+0N0 MTGRqACTFIsaiFp4pyOimtZuNLz7mvICIbqQisNoLL1u6R0gmU1laDI0O0Kjkx1ZuCCaiIWzOKwX hBWQt8TFfig2NRezUCyp/zlcHOun/IfiVU3ME9VncW5+MUt+sUDPucov9sPoqWvKglA0PbPwDM02 NEgLBiEoEmtINDKJjMP/bwbD6pF3elN+ST/wavtERHQc7gwrFJCmqgUvRBvEGmpsp24J2obR3J7c eXoweXFwuV8al1/K1U+N2rjcZyfogpZeJkRzeCLfL9y9/1MFoaLMAig1dnTkgeyFbpOynzkZ9EbQ U4dTFmNgD+Ud2Ws4L233RJ0B3Csg53tg0QUANsVdy0Mw082uJNTNyD02Prl3dHC7f3rhyuVPK98e XEgf/3haGb14Ta8k041N3727Sm9yMrHNe2Cb5hMWsKWFJ0aDljILz9B8MOPwGIkK9+HmdVCocIOJ zAhdVQ5tQ7ORjdTH4iNfBVDvmm7G5MTkjFSF+aZ89Ka6p1R/qDq39qUXPFgiXGxONJ9EYQtlbtHN 8HmpMPJJVBXXDSXAQ0PWTiosUCusG7cwglcl59n+1d51Lj/i0k02O5+heZ89Uc8HRYifb6KeKKDX Lnx5cHvEyzcxTxQq1AksFDxHlG/kGydR2x2xMurz8E3MEz2RC1Q/rOyWeNjPhOfuMSXR7++6TCEo T9XWYuXCkAdN1BNFPXPsXa7l+biY6iJv3NXs608utB5AaYBov8fSB7YTc9wTrS48UXpFMWxWNjIL z9BkaETQ6LpgbAtiUUgiGiKL6qbrBWl1QgjWU6DxwodeFJHwRNuWI20+Gi9hNRUa/80X+YujqYc0 TETR6LqfnkrffCoWy1rNPNEMzXs/O69HJ5aCmXG225L4jwhuzDOl4tns0F582eLyRL1MdGbdvoFb nqFjnTGiPx2y9nUeIQovm53uiL8qgR2992xyZi1thdBY7Rn+zoxufDTB/U7ScXhIYmd+nJU5dDNn Zb/L6gQVtb3CzyNf9pL9AxWzCmfn9O1l+6+ftsrY7x2gwY3/7iDhio1gdpFwhRtO+glSlHHxu/aL A0YQmOtfsZqLW8wqT9Rjbn8tUfJMhrBudLC6FoZ6l5In9jcroW4i7MeSv/wVX+zAThK7kNExA/an +nHgHQvrZuZZE08KFq2pIB1jvmKLJHHY1+UKcFf46lyB1O1mu/Pwt7Bwd7HwRZkuf2DVtfhH/kfR hNYLr/rGdinsI7jl7uKhImhSdDC7QrMbt3jR2SmhtUq0rBSL3oUmp26m4TpTYIrNMYP6aNXXtCU0 8xpV4KgITbYpR0WLNZjGN8VCU1LorqkUI+uqHHWtbqZT6+yoa9KtYJ1hmErFrnU2drFljoGVIlq8 ipnDM9ibocnBD8gs/PbRvmwbuRtFGb2BV3tG7qvLJjyWaCmkun+Yn4cSGd6WI7pRpoo7bmDzV/aE TFWNMxOUVqPVasCZGW23VzE09gwN5JybW7mbl4596NjoBnI3zdZl8zL39rL5eUuipTCakRuC8zYS S1fo/x8XyfjjX5WpRK22+MgtPgKF7loNVjqSGkcLQ7taa+GJX8oXQ4DyXFmTB2I2NY1XVqjd8KCJ tx0xm2L/Wq6isIWDGJrKz48jnuhDIYeWZcSEPFHRfL/PvnNIer6RO0lGd1tfFliVX9Kj6WzwKDhZ vEpW9+EEVpf5uJhXPdXOGt0QPRj1kiRJ7m1Y04pxm4C3sYJ4P0Vdmy5hgQVuHyduU1aXxV8Id3OM tRtiERDI2o/XVFfv0M3za7mCxlmENkOToVk1uouWvSxsksgYNqGpEy+AyM03lPUwYds8iMqw6IyD ePiGcmfd23A7+F6nbeF2F+pcfBMlUdzpBvGG7Qnmcd2wB5hFZIMQRbvNz34hEq23g/4hQWcTR7Mg 0Zm+LL3uxy9IZlMZmgwNJ5p41JEjPrVp/VRSMRvWT3kFIoKGhNZPbZzWStQz+OunklBngtFdmy8A uLx+CoI/zKPi8NwdW4Ran5cD6sS8aDJP9A9Ck/2uwAeLxl++parpfm8L9bxcVbmf8ve2SoO+SgHd l1KhsQ/BQT0VXLeSCk1PA7fEnmiYahzuUChDsboKZzuDI0uCVR7WjaYZrmYACMhCzcWP5bzay+9X pk//WXjDubZCLsdiW6eClB6zKSOz8AzNnxQV8Fa/qulbMRPZT2vhTKwGNVVLxzf0dWKqMuPRlGjY rxX6PJqG/QAagkoOo6EdAjtrpdONfWgca0b6ViyXhlXnFB5yN+xoHkXmF/+V0eDmcBdo8Li4AykW 7EY3vwOx323VJAZskgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Click anywhere inside the paragraph and execute Edit|Insert Before. The keyboard focus is given to the Edit tool. This pane now lists all the elements you can insert before a p and therefore, is ready to use.

Figure 2.3. The Edit tool listing all elements you can insert before a p

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Select h1 from the list (a single click on the list item is sufficient). The newly inserted element has a red border around it. Do not care about that, just type the text of the heading and the red border will go away.

Click inside the p before a word and execute Edit|Insert, the same element chooser dialog pops up listing all the inline elements you can insert inside a p . Select strong from the list and type a few words in bold font.

Your document should look like this:

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAh4AAAB3AgMAAAAxyaFiAAAADFBMVEX///8AAACEAACAAACcmE8D AAAHvklEQVR42u1b0Wscxxn/zd3Iul4U7RruahfJ9NyHlMjBPfpSaoQ1EoIWauiZysaPevBDQRBc aB9K02pNCn1z/Qek9JyHRkhG3EMoahtLY+saAi3NQVslVWiyjkU5YhH2FOly0o1u+s3cnWQ7wtX5 TrYoO2K/nZn9Zuc33/zm251vT+wCDkWqRnBYkjgcMNxDY5EQSAgkBBICCYGEQEIgIZAQSAikXSBa a6mahXQ0gHTkzsWh4OkBqc7M7AKRCKJGNtNC7ukBoa7EmzuNdCGG6u5OZHq8bSB8v4oXB5ZQbORZ rpbplVx2cnPUElnzQxIO0eHrTiT32iBNlLbskcgD0c+UExBtqFaR2pAiTWW1Ow3EBWqTPoI5IFFl QWYVcKqeEUWnRufPP03PwQIhtejCLNJ/VFa700BKdKz2R2a66cS0m+MQfbkrQF/uWJXmRks50f1Z OkI951b79etX5QTejMwc6zwQh6hwaZWVfwb8awPB5X9w6V4iCrtL98tnBVhtvEyGYjQX4uJqj/+R PHtJsfJE54FQD/M13u37EpqmSQmFl2s9wBXPk0RbXYF/VfeQvTCPV9c8jMzV0O3flQfBEYFBPpCV oIFbLzIyTYw4ixXZWIBOTXHfqDmIZm9Thg/8Vh4ER/LIK9OPtjaBkGb154mfxgm4SpTAlTA1JbyB Ibeh3WE/YjgyCMWXaIGQPQIOLn94HKaS00FW4tLBtbQwNTqKyz85QfYz2gfAEVkfsbEHjV+JvKlf RL/JaDJMCaXAPgBY95fVEJlGCeCAOFLxez3YxUGe9RfG1/7ak6LxEKIpMxYYwS3yuvOxqLLaB8IR ifhrHnScXOpLNNxp8hrBgGwApeH75n5yWqp0SkTeAOK/8Q7CjxAVak1jcwW5YjI+agaC4Yhrao3h KpUtT1432vqgOILUEbo/g7tOVWuMnrplHMcOR9YrVH3HS9XwfqpQrmvvM3XgwfnguLIkppql4v4b djqqGHN3MeUispUhdNYgNwo7RmZbU5Vn9/JsuWndC7btin9GQJh5MUHDq3jItNK2s2R94hSGwEMg IZAQSAgkBBICCYGEQEIgIZAQyJMDcbR+V2LIFKxwovVocVSqZtZGl5tpesGesojv1E0NdMQiMzNS NoLZRqRR770HqplFtLrTaRT3G+12Y/GiIxapwnxnuGMKVqzqgr1SRayZhf6dt7O7PXKxvjXDzkcT 5Jc6AaQ8vvTLvwRnomR9KxZurCkzFeliceFG4FB3juqJI34tO9Pr9Xo9W2ecv/XOxrbAnWx0Gs4U ptSZ3neD6OvZtsmqvtpT6r6ZhhVyKLYYoXPgSjmEvkXQoRjQH9ev0BZfoVT9d7+iaVF9Pd1M9kUi EV7a/qDSHWuXIxwo39T8vRysuH6yNvH8xhxW3hHeSRS+56Ew8dMN8LK4XEl9w6uUHb6B8T+UqZVK v++/fT22qXS0LNMr7QJRAikOdXocVpR0jFV9qhB5pt1ZYuKsT8tJ+XeUcEtEjkD5+P2ka8J4waTr /ggnOFMpHvzYbdcikstBd3OL+jBCI3D4gKJq5SAYyUoIfttOIObTz8N8fsBKkdYTJ4xTQa82iuYO CNq1CP3lS9uQsIJSyUTXlQkkugQDeaVttBfir1cIJ4NYj5hVYwLO7gmPlAMlZAltW8T0qjHuwwqX 0XlpzA6YBbWL5pOEGb8UXL5iPR6XNe+qiXYOuhczt2Djr+SJWNsWESZkHp9z66KkCYqYanCExz0s 9gvjNfIKkZjlCE751gnLUiQrGb5JB+H+VSc4IlxepIkwQmcDZ/OTCnhROTeCa1kPk95wUA+NuUGd I072dtysto+m/MjkZoWMhMGVVGc4skaLwArfNVxJYZ3zgnYLERNg13U/Lgp+nSPv4OeMTMYrzPNS tyKWI+uxtizS2nMi7j3mYrQdz9piMO/kY4Cc0m7bLn6/KfrqYy46U4WnBkRvPeZigXlPjyMHl8KA bwgkBBICCYF03F+HU3OIgXRdGDUbAXoDZfbnNWNfmGJT6rK5RFeSnTfFBGmLRik5hvPD5iqvf3LO NJRbjgb8SZqtUXNvz27uqfdc42ndKK4+UNI3ofONogGZe/KpybhJ8C7BRYbE6NGuYZdTbjSJ83w4 c1R0gWVGWSLhuiWNUbJOIpE4LzKol4x9WGZ4LCmGE0meHB7LXACOCmrMWvkSHk35serykdOpj3uK n99bJvFxnBddk3uh9+Rb7O5y/D8vHF9ZXtn81rEiqt+9e/xI5d63v1L8Wvd67Z4t+fHyd7A2/0H3 0idA/4cvfvql2ZEPX3r7NDVeru0bRyzSCBRJs8Gs//xF2VyAQNIGUNmi3U3J9bRS2ipLuwdplNiY 3v31Fs2NTph7yAcCOS2smn8CG5aTRjRzSdPLQ+blfI+SfpRVg0YkH227PyD3BarmJbxqmGZzz0mc MlP3MPXkQzttuee+u74HPrUHwn0AEc0l4NYPZqqYXZC7RtiWDnvAHtgpsS94dm4b8yeYGomNNN2H BE1N2tXnNiT+rs9hO71NVdvnGuoB3kLSdqd7miU2tgg1+H2gVJL5PweWI9tparx9rpUt196PJ747 1N2bsf3fNdOa+v/aTrAfPLzUW1oGjzR+Rhuslu96UBssGb4GhED+f4Gww/Jf8v8FyN4b5OeuF8YA AAAASUVORK5CYII=

This time, use Edit|Insert After and add a ul (unordered list) after the p . Type the text of the first list item ( li ).

If you are in the strong element -- check it with the node path bar -- click in the p outside the bold words because inserting an ul inside a p after a strong is not allowed in XHTML.

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Click to get rid of the red border, then using what you have learned, add two more li s: one before the first li you have created, the second after it.

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4. Selecting elements

Editing commands are applied to the selection.

XXE supports three types of selection:

The text selection, found in all text editors and word processors.

The node selection, which can contain one or several nodes.

The implicit element selection.

Some commands can be applied to any type of selection, for example: Edit|Convert. Other are more restrictive, for example: Edit|Insert Before can be applied to the implicit element selection or to an explicit single node selection.

4.1. The implicit element selection

The element containing the caret is implicitly selected. Therefore you can apply commands to it without making any special effort.

This is one of XXE nicest feature, even if it needs to be learned because it has no equivalent in the word processor world.

In the first section of this tutorial, you have already used the implicit element selection to insert an h1 before the p and an ul after it.

4.2. The text selection

Selecting text in XXE is not different from selecting text in any text editor. Click in the middle of the h1 and drag the mouse across the document until the middle of the second li is reached.

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4.3. The node selection

4.3.1. Most general method

Now we want to add a pre (preformatted text) after the ul .

We have learned that clicking inside the a li implicitly selects it therefore we know how to add a new li after this one but how to select its parent, the ul , to add a pre after it?

For that we need to use explicit element selection . Click inside any li and then click on word ul inside the node path bar.

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This explicitly selects the corresponding node in the document view.

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Note that explicitly selected nodes are drawn with a red border around them.

Alternatively, click inside any li and type Ctrl -Up 3 times: first time to select the #text node, second time to select the li , third time to select the ul .

Now that ul is selected, use Edit|Insert After to add a pre after it.

Type 2 lines of text in this pre . Do not be worried by the ``carriage return icon'' always displayed by XXE if the last character of a #text node is a newline character.

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4.3.2. Directly selecting a node

Clicking near some text moves the caret inside the text and no node is explicitly selected.

Instead of simply clicking, try to Ctrl-click on the first p . A #text node is explicitly selected and the node path bar tells you which one.

Selecting a #text node is rarely what you want to do. You'll often need to Ctrl-click again without moving the mouse. This will select to parent of the selected #text , that is, the p . Ctrl-clicking again without moving the mouse would select the parent of the p which is a body and so on. When doing a series of Ctrl-clicks, always look at the node path bar to know precisely where you are. Also, do not Ctrl-click several times too fast otherwise the editor will think you are double-clicking or triple-clicking and therefore, selecting elements that way would not work.

Click on the first p to cancel the selection because we are going to study another method to select it. Now try to Ctrl-click, not inside the text itself, but in the blank space at the right of the text of first p . Notice that one Ctrl-click is sufficient to directly select the whole p .

Similarly, you can directly select a node when a non-editable ``decor'' has been generated for it. For example, simply click on the bullet of a li to select it. This type of non-editable decor is very common, for example: the image displayed for a figure, the number of a section, the border of a table, a node icon or element name in the tree view, etc.

4.3.3. Selecting a node range

What if you want to put first p and ul inside a blockquote ? The answer is select both of them first and then use Edit|Convert (described below in this tutorial).

With XXE it is possible to select a node range , that is, adjacent children of the same parent element.

Select first p using any of the methods described above.

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Then Ctrl+Shift-click anywhere on the ul .

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Note that extending the node selection is easy because you do not have to be precise. The reason is that there is no ambiguity about what to select: a #text or a li is not a sibling of first p , only the ul is a sibling of first p .

Alternatively, you could have typed Esc then Right to extend node selection to the ul .

Now use Edit|Convert and choose blockquote .

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5. Navigating through elements

5.1. Using Tab to go from a #text to the other, just like in a form

The Tab key may be used to move the caret from the current #text to the beginning of the next one. Shift -Tab moves the caret from the current #text to the beginning of the previous one.

Click on the title and use Tab and Shift -Tab to move the caret from one #text to the other.

What if you really want to insert a Tab character into a pre (or any element which allows Tab characters to be inserted in the text flow just as any ordinary character)? The answer is: type Ctrl -Tab instead of Tab.

5.2. XXE makes a difference between the end of a #text node and the beginning of the #text node next to it

The simplest way to move the caret is of course to use the Left or Right arrow keys.

Click on the first p to the left of the strong and press on the Right key to move the caret in the direction of the strong .

Just before reaching the strong element, you'll notice that pressing on the Right key has caused no perceptible caret movement. Then after this ``dead'' Right key, the caret seems to move as expected.

Go back to the left using the Left arrow and at the p / strong boundary, you'll notice a ``dead'' Left key then the caret seems to move as expected.

Note that on the p / strong boundary, the caret makes no visible movement but the node path bar displays different paths ( html · body · p · #text and html · body · p · strong · #text ).

Use menu command View|Add to add a low-level, hierarchical, view called the tree view, at left of the styled view.

Figure 2.4. Both tree and styled Views side by side

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Repeat what you have done with the Right and Left arrow keys and you'll notice that with the tree view, there is a visible caret movement from the end of the p · #text to the beginning of the strong · #text and vice-versa.

Close the tree view by clicking anywhere inside it and by using View|Close.

This ``dead'' key behavior also occurs when using the Del and Backspace keys.

Click on the first p to the left of the strong and type on the Del key several times. Notice what happens on the p / strong boundary. Then use Edit|Undo as many times as needed to undo this typing.

Click inside the strong and type on the Backspace key several times. Notice what happens on the p / strong boundary. Then use Edit|Undo as many times as needed to undo this typing.

6. Copy, cut, paste, delete

6.1. Copy, cut, paste, delete applied to the text selection

The text selection is used not only to specify a range of characters but also a range of nodes and child elements contained in a common ancestor element.

When applied to the text selection, the Edit|Copy menu command copies all the characters and nodes in the specified range to the system clipboard. It is then possible to paste these characters and nodes in any other application including XXE itself.

Select the characters displayed in bold font from the first p , copy them to the clipboard using Edit|Copy, click on the title and paste the copied characters using the Edit|Paste.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAh0AAACaAgMAAABwJBI9AAAADFBMVEX/////AAAAAAAAAACxww4G AAAHS0lEQVR42u1cT2vbSBR/I6RgfMksWKGnEnIy/QpdiALdcxWQSslhCT3lI4Q9FJFDKfkAS45m DyE4PvgDLKxy2I+wS0/F9Lg2rE4lRMKz781I1thSEjt2ay/MpB7PjOY9/eb9k2byGtaFjSh/Q7QZ QCILNqQYIAaIAWKAGCAGiAFigGwEkDAMvaAY4cwHz/EmM1xfnx+AC6GH/9zJdfWFVNh0PJzu+oqc 2CIF8SsmM1nbE2ZFVScRr5he9rXCZvoztLx2uOSnIPB5VMM0xLKIvt6LQZDQ6nEkdN2uQi358Zq1 aXOu3SEE2p2d+9ecHGQzI8OymfH9nr6E3iP8erUScT1wUM8th/l+izQs1SzBs8PAIb0TWLwk5NpJ vSEjmwmQ1JUTHSkzHSqylPzIdFxgnu+C6zCPhcjUR+KgAoShfn1NJw4J0CFc+G0znl/KCINtF2p8 xXJSj7ALwsCm9MadnLszpZEW+KQMRFRjIzbTrZSTPvlkxGMZZ5myEv0+irvNSiupmH5uAd70sFpL GnsVID0aBhilAP1RocAhpCImNaeF3hWWHE1PxAVpvwCZTNCwMFR2gvyI9RBETNOIZU96gZ0kFYkI QcMl7H1Bq4gVYlRIPFEI3oEXqLKkIC0N45Xug5lQkksSrsmSCcFIjWlc77567GKhvFMpa2WiT4oj JKtpZ8tyVMyvuvjqC6qFPTIlgFogw7gSBLRyw/GyPcJFJ9v1bFlqy8W+nhcqg/7LuR56rBKNuYR+ j3psKYFa9Xj2zEzlbcNaG8m49qy7IbHFnhfPuOIf9RhUnEniCjalnITzwto8ZCMYE/c+BmQYvFbR UUbWtHy0KmZEu9+7ybvhVHB3fJzOY8f7S5l9iP6M9j5kgZD8HE/N9v90KY5BkHsTr5OImHmAUSWq j0QPsqxil4XIODnz1EMy95KileTDmcLv1bovhS2hyCCFPlUjbdVZEeLr3HNUhPiZh2QqiUSc5jAy QeFwBH2FfzQRyfxHV8zfkKOrbxlyFnlnZX5i3uJnPCPeDCDVmG82WFWfMxIxQAwQA8QAMUC+MRDn IMBXdQ9CfAcO1yqRFsOdAmfgq+OUdarGg548JeDA1wkEd1H7Qu2Ze2tVTZLxHm3wEnWcsl6vccvj lLUCcbzVuO/Suyae2it5tV5aIvv9TYis3KbdX+JxdZyyPiB0rszkoTWE2XptJHYDkQFAsl7VjAQk 4kZAXx2nrE8i6Cspusu1g58NeA1wl33OrCSOUAmXlsdqJJKsP46okkG6ZtXkv1wQ1xsikfWH+Mi8 xRsgBogBYoAYIAaIAWKAGCAGyBqAsDA89NVJmKxYkcfpu5OmngXlqmS9lpaz4K7iHM26b8fF9M2X diOvMrKaYmt7Ni0rjMqwzHXUMjjrTu1mCJ8mEdFL+yxwvJD0gxVv4eYeVWE7Ljbp+JSFjHnsMHAP fOYz9tPB4UF4wDxgAYSU/eiCc3AYQBAsLxFKX5xUlPPmisllL1YZUljnWXaUosdB5VhxHHahT+1K +tITbITyIOSGHqtkBH0mbiBLqclHHHiyjRNEPBK2nYi8Kb/s1N7uSwDYzlZgrMTD7hWVAC1ViLT/ u5oTl8cQ231FlVCOUBbL9r+r8RpBaauyAtDPtacUX2RtZoUZU6rsqgNazIvq/lJmbU5ubyerBjKy i4psZXL0cq2fWk5u2s8RDXs8XjEQ9rqocpkX476eoLqfa+5HXXO2Es8PK5KIU1SUXe3sy3YLkiCB hFfE31K2kbkZ+EJlI2Yr+sWRoMxXqlRec5b7TiaT+QrxF6mBaZ4dKSBJMh6rtlhSN9ECcx/OzVsq skYLCfQhF3Fefsf3kQcF4mbfDwg84KvZkgfQC6nmoYPdZU99zTurAWKAGCAGiAFigBggBogBYoD8 j4FY3d+goUbOqP8CP7tTk6lnyT1q0zqPrjrUwE8n7zW70O5EiikygnY+eVEg45+P4Ra/iv6bWoIt xbuRd7/qPaR4l3cJ86enq6bdaEaW1bF221jtNc46Hy1s7TWj9tnuVaODC7zag/Nmo3EbRXtIfN5s tjttUD0pn6vdbrOze948a3a67RcRNDpIHF0tCuQIdjqwdTIeHFFlfTg5BWxt7XSO4N2RdbLVsY4+ w86vUaGzZxeR9fGXUoPPo9vBp+h4EMH78cev8GYXrBMkto4WBYJ3GADpR8p/LFu3cDvA5nvVxTIY 3D0bjyGiyXQFf1QPukhnafZ0TjwGpbIX8Zp/IrgjI7SoKlpNusuUeC2rrjdrVc+luqIZ2vmAfO3A +ISk8ZYqam0dww7yst5OzRtMzLXam5RTqoj4zeJAdgsXaOSfiIbof1o2yqnj40YUaSzKXqQppuCP xNYTVHMMdxfIBytUzUUDLu+OUV+XML4Y49D4Mp93C5+h2ZHND5Ne90s0ft6O4Pb0+MuXU2UjF0g8 vmw8jiSaD2gEuvTnj1ONOadHcwLpgg5kgedCIydeGsj3KuZP1Rkgjxa2KX/g8T9mt1lqadZsywAA AABJRU5ErkJggg==

After copying the text selection, you'll notice that, near the Clipboard Content button, the status bar displays #text : a piece of text is stored in the clipboard.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJkAAAAXBAMAAADqyPAhAAAAMFBMVEXGw8YAAAD///+EhoTAwMCM igCEgoTW09b//wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADVPe59AAAA+0lEQVR42q2VMQ7CMAwA7RKJ BQn3BzwBwQcY+gwkxMLMb5AY+AjMzHwA+gOaMjBAkXFbCimw1E0qVYmlni6202AI/gabjvVH6xnI PMqZLBjUZONWNICTu57HYz3saH5Cj4OaRkGJC/2UNsgKVnf54RHp8yZuGGXDlZls371CxQxZ5wb7 62xaRVAGhECocDRF3m5rgEgQnEtZJkwo7VtW9Fv+joq5LXdIQgkZLCqq4LQIlzJWmIkFUp0FZ1GV AVnc0lcxmuetdrYYEnkceDM33oHu4/9uib9/yHdkdFHDzuK2cAN32OjVpOPTeiu02TUZw96yVp1T XwO93llPyp5HbmuMCXYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

Note that if you have not been precise when selecting text, the status bar may display strong (you have copied the whole strong element to the clipboard) or it may display [2] (you have copied 2 nodes to the clipboard: the strong element and a piece of text next to it).

Edit|Cut and Edit|Delete basically work the same: they delete all the characters and nodes in the range specified by text selection. The only difference is that Edit|Cut copies the characters and nodes in the specified range to the clipboard.

Of course, elements and nodes are deleted only if the DTD or schema constraining the document allows to do so. In this is not the case, selected characters are removed from such elements and nodes and that's it.

6.2. Copy, cut, paste, delete applied to the node selection

The Copy, Cut, Paste, Delete commands can be applied to a node range or to the implicitly selected element.

Two more Paste commands are available: Paste before and Paste after. These commands can only be applied to a single explicitly selected node or to the implicitly selected element.

Select the first li (implicit selection is fine for that). Use the Edit|Cut to move it to the clipboard. Select the last li . Use the Edit|Paste After to paste the li stored in the clipboard after the last li .

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhwAAABgAgMAAAAr70N8AAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAADPklEQVR42u1bz4vTQBR+bzOBxRacQspe9VyVeLaHKbS3BbOYgH+eZ3Gxgt4WmtV6NiLrwdMi HoQWNov2lNmNM9Nm23Sr2ciaCesUMnlvOo98eT/mfVMoBlCPD6sFCtyqiTsMDoPD4DA4DI7rx9EO qGw3FIBQued74sp3ATk4SvQc3x4oAcDOtMDDAZGTVPUtZIvFJXFMJgAhQLxQreFGi3v5/jhc0ZIh JHSuSshp+LdxQcZ8oG1oIRMD7bcJa7E2Uh/7LZsNxOvZPUo8j7ExR/FEx/P2BuK155r0jt2zvQCJ 59PA3uv5AAMQxjYrh8OKcB+gw06sSAzQ7HRDKT3ctyKrETXYfWh8iPHN6yxg+H4MzX50ET78CaN0 nKQceDxlQ+sVQKMnjBtRORxcOBNkcLhSYyWFMBIij5Uq3Z3CxzCOOVciyPm5BrbHVW5kucRF8sTp MtIl6iUVrjxSSSuHTPLlQ3K+pXSDlqxlFCoA/rrtlepWxGUirSby3ZXUAXwhbo1c1qU5Jpdu5nVE mkjjZFgWB14kP5tfRE4RVYlLF/yALlnxxlIjqxW++FIa09JxeSKiEaIcZFxCduZ+gnT3zIVZOBNT M3exMExjmHNs7maa/bgJp6ddgPG79LYTqvyYjYTxzC0MTNECunzR5VJSjocXL78qT7Z3c2qz1J69 ZmzODabvGxwGh8FRJQ6/HjgQ64GDaGo4Nc5TlHyBkTnxQNrWgkPSc8XWeTbTYTpwyJMAEHla6rfR ccDvh5X44xJlk9RcnJZcOHBF6YxedkEPDlicoBQXVhkS6quXGctOUntORQXDNtYLFfXCUGxqrTLc /Nr5KV2B2NSWH8HJ4SNxDDuaKm0wHemJizk3GP5h+IfhH4Z/3Gj+YdeEfyRMnz+SyAWYHArp4ETn /rHKP5i2/Mjzj8XN8I//sr+s5cetZ2JHJxU9+/zpb/NjGwOoCgZs/yE/DP8o4h9EC47L/INqwXGZ f7iV4LDuHOfSlH8G63yr+Z1+/fbg7s7O8Rfn7fk/2zP4MheK+YfOeqn+949i/kE0+oNW3oqL+Qdg Wj3/2AaoR3+pSd/fel6Pvm94ocFhcBgcBofBcaNwYE3+d/ILWCD69Xg8D9AAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

After copying the first li , you'll notice that the status bar displays li : a list item element is stored in the clipboard.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIoAAAAXBAMAAAAmUcrKAAAAMFBMVEXGw8YAAAD///+EhoTAwMCM igCEgoTW09b//wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADVPe59AAAA0ElEQVR42mMUZKACYPlvQLkh jAwiVHAKI8sfJgVkgf/3yfIRA8M9ZH7ifWPSDfnHwuCwD1Xo7wXSfcTEcgBEC1IWVUx/wGawF8DN YWQkK1wYGF3+GExncdj9ARrA5JnCwHBMLf7XE7gvSTeGBWzMr1kMDC4Mggz/P5CZdkHhAjQBBD4I fCA3dFmQUtx/iuIIBj4wUMEt5LsIFC7/91DmEmgcvae4fPmDLmL0iWRD/gPdkoYs8JthHhnlC6PA RwEUEXJ8R6WyjukPNUpvRqrUAQDWxDBHD8TukQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Note that when the clipboard contains a node range, the status bar displays the number of nodes of the range. For example, copy all list items to the clipboard and you'll see:

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIAAAAAXBAMAAAAxc1oDAAAAMFBMVEXGw8YAAAD///+EhoTAwMCM igCEgoTW09b//wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADVPe59AAAA5ElEQVR42r1UMQ7CMAy0I0uM TSQewMRcwQc69B+IhZnfIDHwERBiYuYFsLA3ZSyBkJaopN3cSGSJctI5d+fEqCBukU2j+AjjOAFI RkxCwN64FgCu4Xl5m7P4b4Ls2IVeF5YFQad6V4ObIUxDH61/JRRKlJwMAHOTbijba59jUlpWiG6d p4vq3mIaOV1oKlRbgBwU2K+IRDMK1Bk4cnOz9MSSEyIFj8hbl+wutOa9gGSgglaJBl4G9hDe7z4Y ILMLRQcqWBrI9JHZg5OhdQpWIfCEHW8eoCxl38B/J5IwkUMVY6fyB28GODnDgTTcAAAAAElFTkSu QmCC

7. Splitting and joining elements

7.1. Simple Split and Join

Click in the middle of the strong contained in the first p . Type Enter . The p is split in two parts, each part being a p , as expected in any word processor.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAdIAAAA0AgMAAABDZFGOAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAACXUlEQVR42u1YQWvbMBR+L5ZgNIHaYDO60069lG5ml146kKG5BeYy518WtkJhx2msuxfKWJdT 14zRssK8Qw4hdrQnO55jWqjT2A0UCyw/OU98ek9Pet8L9uHh2wTEClDNFqyiNagN6iNCxf4+MHqR 6Omxo09W8ZxpreSAc+yKwNcCPf7CqCwX1bsYInpl4y152wRDFuZNKvCwzbhA9NG0qbOY5+8hSRYX tmcGzCc7Awu6nLFISIvs7nJu+/biqMbz83wFaueiczk2BtONp0Pqhj8GP8c7w8Eau3wJGx+Mwdqv 8bfx9MXms3P16myzNf1O4tXFazhbEPRJ0VbyXgjazYkbVSJFEIUkfkyH1MIw7igFUivrX9TyMTwS EOvoQN1lEtcRFMyrIVZ6ciYnoI60nQe605LxHtpkFh4U9ML5OFwa1czCk80eoT8JMo3l5imXyTxD YgUediHuERB15OEeg9PYhZE8BdVT9Em9nelF8Ad4elA/38PYO7I65mqs9KQ7s3pJ1H7hQkGoGbVh MA1qg9qgrhi11Xj4caKKfd+xiYwLbptpFsWUZ/t1os7S5m8J1yIdsnvz7PKoZsiSbIvCYY4XMMvz vcDpElHRXJybTi2oGVlgJyqamNdEg0N5qGT7GGDbOGqLLVEHqpTEqqmqEuF/ZqQX8lckXBxkTdEk sn0tFmByxsrr8XB0Ow1bh5SL31hONaihOVenFstMkfC6WvaVyieJATi7Lhx/obppvRPtvkn3lbj4 SH79VJmLRZlrCuFG3f5AzNRxK7wmStlaIwufNpmuQV2u4Ur+gf8H+vKrm26PGIYAAAAASUVORK5C YII=

Now type Backspace at the beginning of the second part. The two parts are joined to form our original single paragraph.

Typing Del at the end of the first part would have given the same result.

This is also a handy method for inserting elements. Type Enter at the end of the p .

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Type some text in the newly created paragraph. Type Enter at the beginning of newly created p . This creates another p before it.

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Use Edit|Undo three times to undo the creation of last two paragraphs.

7.2. Split and Join generalized

The Split and Join commands bound to Enter, Backspace or Del keystrokes are very handy but they can only be applied to paragraphs.

What if we want to split the list in two parts in order to insert a paragraph before the second part?

Move the caret at the beginning of the last list item and explicitly select the whole list using the node path bar.

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Now execute Edit|Split. This command splits the explicitly selected element at caret position, which gives us two adjacent lists.

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The generalized form of Join is the inverse command of Split. Command Join joins explicitly selected element to its preceding sibling, an element of same type.

Note that the generalized form of Split and Join are the only commands that cannot be applied to the implicitly selected element.

Explicitly select the second ul and execute Edit|Join. The two adjacent lists are now joined to form our original single list.

Undo last Join because we really want to split the list in two parts.

Add a p before the second ul , type some text in it.

Copy text "List item #1" (as usual, by dragging the mouse and by pressing Ctrl-C) and paste it (by pressing Ctrl-V) in the empty last li of first ul .

Add another li before the only li of second ul , for example by clicking in the li , using Edit|Copy and then using Edit|Paste Before.

Change all the text of the two list items of the second ul , for example by selecting "List item #1" as usual and by typing a few words.

Our XHTML document now looks like this.

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8. Replacing elements

The Edit|Replace command is equivalent to deleting the node selection or implicitly selected element and inserting a new element or #text which replaces the deleted nodes.

This command is useful because it is often not allowed to delete the selection: doing so would create an invalid document.

Select the pre . Insert a table after it.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUoAAAF6CAMAAABIjeGaAAADAFBMVEX////U0MgAAABAQEBnZWKA gICUkYwAALCwAAD/sLAAsACw/7Dy8vIbGxsNDQ0oKCjBwejFxkbS01Oxsdi+TmHOzPDb2f3U0/i4 ueHKyOyxQVTZ1/uoqtO1tuDQ0PbZr622trahosyLi4uXmcPAwMC5jU2/vuTmvLrBwObHxeqvsNfP z/+foMoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAt+uthAAAKcElEQVR42u2dW2/jyBFGu3so2YMowCKLXeQhDwHylP//Y/YtyFNu SDBYWF5blF2MKF7ES5PipaSh2Ke84x3rYg4Pv+qq/tRqWWcInYhMAgSVsJEx6FIjPlOUxgJCJ8FP 8QEHBY5RluewmBcbSQdKMI4gtkmuJPgp/A/ZfEzTuieOq7hkxyHnrXim6x967W5//vpD9G/3499y dFc7oUiv74xW08Lu5Bz7v3+4H/63681Ge+uT9h1gW/0hXjTKvfzl8Od//vbXX7798Cz7UpWek7JP o9J9u03/G0UyPcC270kLFXD+z9rtDptfzc+/7GT74vpUaZ/MNh5xLvGJycGOIpke4HSIp7r4DsVf npZadWyhyp8+fv+y+dO3zb/c52s3SpueSDdLT27GWw/J7kGiOMDpOUn9eY9S5Xfydnz5+f3okqdD kd++spOk4oilLzdbLO2YQaI8wLYmv/hQ0owPy0a53x8///jr8Tf35fBSnqbzn2os1j8gprnp4ebN Yds1jBYHiM2hKl1ryytgl6nPokXf7bbmm3yK3ZYjZUczlBxaJE+nfRoQ89y0VxVYPC57VucB4uZF sCehLjnLj4Uq357Evm2eX8uRsoUyP43El8RpafEmv0ep5eNif0HKD2DbJM2yWRYV/Hey/dElsexN B0r71Xp6vOqA6El+r1LLx8U9YMrDlc9KK/pBFo9yv4/t6z/SkXLXgdJ+Nc82I7ntrhlih5Qp3yDR Ipkfrsby+vMWoEp3+K+IPfy0q6nSVk/NZCfXqAe+3LxWpryDRJOkqbI816fsCozs+O/eor+k00Z3 fPnPvqbKC7Pk7fTtXca3eMkkJdUOV/5D8yuwzNnOsRjc7at9lZf0e4cjlrx9fT9B2Y6eAieTcjI/ 3CWezCPFvnHSUePkzu1ecqd5R3a4tUTkk9fdzq+m5nj5HtymryGJFvQPfQCF9rnovAiunuCbrgd8 WLUr97GegdE2uqMqyo+g8lSlwbSN6kyCT2nRF192HqDq2CEo/by/SPcdERA7VOl7bCR9d0g4JIec 6ixpfQaD0jZa9KTypxOlze/ueJXLhr209Vhjm/S26Habmbh26x0c7PMzy7XOQkvDDpnt2C24xkYT ZRKnry10kbTP5p2162Pm4CnJhk9jyevq6OgzaFtlJ4nPrwY0SZ7lGLwoy+7SmsKNTK41Qz7v0JLa vRNI5y04LZLJu3lGlOPGyp7S/Qytci26zaLPGToXnNizLOgkS4MoyxY9yaKW6O5a6a6yJLzTya6x 8kQy8ckyDUbKSnN4zm/b2QydIHavynhnsGx0M/WeJvIVeT/RBFFOcNGT0b8nsBY98QDhtR21iK7N e3j5p9JWDkP5pctz77zDSGgWhwxDKaOffwxOlPI5LMFnNqgEZUe/7FBchrVBQxJc4DW14LTE+OnS J1y+YVKMGwYj//jpQhZp0i7dY1FK/i34VJ/Wm1DBaYZACUoClHdEA8puMg6Uapp0k1GCtcliFJGO 2U7obXrBcMwM2oOSWfg0JUXNiyHMGydG1NSjg6RG8yT1JCdmJHjJF5I6KJGkFsrgSW4UVTm1HVhJ +ZD5KHMXPXRRSmLbX8zBp8REkqBsh4dkAkpUiSpRJYEqF6xKsM5SJS66mipx0Qep0o5GiYuupUpc dDVVSlWcqHL+WHnmyFiJM7So2U7odBX7SqGvnD1WshadsXKxYyV9Jc4QqkSVqBKUqPKhVAnWW6jS oUqlsdKhyrmqdO78c9j2r6aLHriRrjIHF4MmdV10Z3DRZ7/iWGrT4Vcy22G2szJVyqX0CKpElYyV qBJVghJVokpUiSpx0b+LKqMuuoIqFZwh1gxprUVnrFR00cNWpuJadCmookr6SvrK9amSteisRV9Q BWct+qwKzlhJBaeCo0pUCUpUiSpRJVhvNNthlwLF9ZWs+lVy0Vn1i4u+JFXK5X+46PSV9JWoElX2 NkO46Ljo37mCk+CMlVRwVIkqQYkqUSWqBCuqZKwMQZXnHV2ccQ5VsqOLhirbX4OIdLnoQcuyecNG RquSKHQ5JSg7agFKUC4bJZ8uiipBCUoClKAEJSgJUC4LJVzVUDLPUVSly7dGdw6Fjo2mX5kZ6XzM qELZEbJdS5U5RvZu0kJpSHCtvpKaQ4IvBqWwHJ2JIyhBSYASlKAEJQHKB0LpuABaKJkCDZ44unzq nb8fvPJDeo+cLeFszxfj4No/B79Y6KWT7uofk5ndKBhw1xJcOlNayPFxqqxjxGjTQomTrlbBaXjm qzLf0SVL8Mb2LvlPQgXvR9mw0KV2Y+0uQJLGoFwhSvIaVYISlKAk1FGCF1WCco1z8MC3U1VE6QLf xZsEByUoCVDetewIFVytGWIjMRIclKAkQAlKUIKSACUoQUn0oXRs5KI2B2cjF7UEhyJjJShBSQwo O4yXWijBSIKDcr0oyW9UCUpQEqAEJShBSWhMHIv9WrLtW2g058zBK58uyrr0eQnOokA1VTKI3gQl 0lSt4ChzetmpjJdU8FkopfWdoEUH5VpQktOoEpSgJEAJynWgZCd0NZS0RzPm4OyEroKSndBVE5yd 0FVUyU7oemMl7zXRSnAaHuUEZyd0pQQ37ITOxBGU4aAkr1ElKEFJgPL2KB2k56EEHAm+uInj2Sov ZuCl4caStgkoz1Z5vga9vh4d621GgsNulir9bBlNJ6J0Yth8SC/BHXV+tiolq+Dpn7Jusyh9WoLn FVyq3jkYadFBCUoClKAEJSiJGSh9PrrrIe9GXyq3apSuPhc3dXvN9SxY7binz50TF2yCY1qOmDj6 bXRTXcHqqndWHlq/OJUNYVzpJWf7xEixcUxuNa/WzvDZ6Oayz0uxXD2/KbvFFVQr2vV4764Audbt 1zsTXDx/69jzZRgVMSt/1350Ha7rvAB0Ut1jpdTecZKNcNIoPJeb6g/15Xf1F7Ufv7Ikd9fK9LkM Od9N+UPrPU32k4T4jj6fi36pwwUWaeOVC69WbyqXqi/hfFaK10Wvr0BvFKBW+fDVIGn8vvJZcvkl ayvikfJIMRzP6tqh4SivNNRjwayvsRwxkumee0AtOgFKUIKSuI5SyUUP6JLd2EVvTChJ8LV2gjds 0TVc9Oqu6hc7aHWW+XU7Y76L7tlVPRA567vo0hgVAnWGvHCnu+gS1NsrbuKi+4zy9QPVdtE9N0mI Ca7ioteKfkj9k7aL3vX0AAbMO7noIZSe+7joQRTx+7joQQyZmGygBCUoiRkolV30sc9xj47ydi76 2Oc8oKGEi36bFv2WLnp1ar/Oher3ddFXvVB9IS76Ghaq46LfaKy8oYvezu+1LVS/q4u+7oXqd3bR 17xQ3brE2Q97YiqfS2orv2N+22TTSjNJTog2fYgSdx8X/aEWqk/9XIL7uOgPtVBdJs4Jo1mHuOPZ 3DGS5g0bUUYZTthb2xkEKEG5BpTgvXEzFKbChARX6sZkYoI72DZYijGoUoWlGFDqsBw55wKlnnEA slv1laBV6SuLPdGJ+S16XrVYhcEcnInj0mIDSq1ElbkoxUJxUj/ZQnmEodZYiSap4KBca4JvAKGE MmJ+Q4IvKSwsteL/egx1u863Is0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=

table(head_column), ..., table(head_row_column) are preconfigured table templates . Most of the time, you'll choose one of these but for this exercise, we'll choose table which is the simplest table possible in XHTML.

The table is created with a single tr (row) containing a single th (a ``heading'' cell where text is displayed using a bold font). This is often what you want for the skeleton of table but not always.

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This very simple table has no borders, even if the footprint of a cell is displayed using a very light gray. This would make the screenshots of this tutorial hard to read. Therefore we'll immediately add a border to this table.

Select the table (using the node path bar) if it is not already the case. The Attributes tool should be already displayed, otherwise click on the corresponding tab.

First row of the attribute table is for attribute border . Click inside the attribute value cell at the right of the attribute name cell containing border , type 1 and press Enter.

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Now the table has a nice black border. (We'll learn how to use the Attributes tool later in this tutorial.)

Exercise:

Select the th contained in the tr (implicit selection is fine for that). Using Edit|Replace, replace it with a td (a plain cell).

Select this td . Use Edit|Insert After to add another td after it.

Using the node bar path, select the tr containing the two cells . Use Edit|Copy to copy it to clipboard.

Use Edit|Paste After to paste a copy of the tr after currently selected tr .

Type some text in each cell.

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+JfEPk/BUfovHkto3y+SwZ5B33FRvUUe3VkO6jsup7M8i77jOkcWPt/RdqzvOJT0Uqdmz6DvgNb3 8NcwslzNpJQn6bxmYTgYDoaD4WA4GA6Gg+FgOBgOhoPhYDguGQ75WC4ZpXhCWSrdRpU4ZzjE0bY/ j/gSrr6MzmItxZLhWsitBVvSnRuLnNZYrU9CKnYyLQs2oWEdOqgt5TngcYBIUpPlZq+J7PLiLbcb TuRxsSEJmHQi7EzhxW9UnQNzHCJyioZ1a2dmlvpD6ezrDtiP9f4yeiz7EWcrO9zOEu01+afu1wnh bBDFbPMDx4W2+XnLjtoaeDSWYr0h8K5F8GBAlqzcooHbQZuy9ZmcTD5kNr6EbbAUGx3wiI5zdIdP GZKIbvnnAcZBQs0rSTugGCvk1iPIfLoM4465DIws+E8aUYqPZzC0iEfbTQ4x0iXPY4/fdhI9q8UX 6SSw+wbu4BUtw8FwsGM4GA6Gg+FgOF4VDv7aqR3PXzu1lzSS4WDZcWSyWCPu95PEpbDQkV87TYdf t+7cLx6O6Gsnt8vkfzUx7CcJ/9OJ524H6DguR12p21Jym0rRfpLffMrPu9cc+VNXohTRBpJw3Sh+ bLPShYvSzmRs6JcUL2K+duT3LJ3vV8LnTvVG2r3+zQWgcSR3TKGWwyJHXtYU5uu+lMynB35JEYT/ ucTzRuWqVmhPMgdP0nnNwvoO1newvoNlxxhwiLwlQrx6I49CRKwKOVtzMPJJIKBzvinA0Xp9MThD ldA3f3u6Rh3E8foOd9KJTj4JcCdnjZoDVQA5Gvo1x6csEqQe0TH2dC6dz9VPp3xuRh7ZpYQ/Q2vU HF7TIYwmxPzl5nKu5mDE8RYaSsstj/CPjS7bj14vUp6+3D56gV/r3lGjzYruqu6w6ecQp7N6XEGW Zw+HXuCX+G4b8YQmZDjubMzBfBX/DnyYIgbKkANln8lc7mjbP1u0Wgua/bdT86bGxAt2iNoYe7Hz i5p0IedqDkY+fxHnO9N9AX3HeZ/Hvar1+wjcwStahoPhYDgYDoaDHcPBcDAcDAfDwXAwHAwHw8Fw MByn6iYA//QfDAO5v/8nbSz8ov8nDcPxZ9NZEv0/QiPJWHZE7pZFafIGsjeZvmqnGI5GQbKD290V 95NOZ2mIR3igDa5RwNwB8Mb2kS/keXPFQwtyR7PDrqL0vx0G7Vh2sGM4HoEjYSgcHN1J+hvmjni4 pclYds1wxJN0lh3tSXqiILv6zhIm6bfXK1gHJunEHG9218sd7Um6flTN7nq5ozNJb654ln5gVqoY Dnams9wxDOT+DnwIu91XuLOw7GA4GA6Gg+FgOBiOV5yVnq7BhFd24eNndmHNcvgr+tfrs9NToIFl B4tShoPhYDieDw5rB0t6cxwjwNSjYQT7fua1xSb6+VnpL69LSZeGVsCrwkHWam1jiNJdXtf1aBjD 4onfhSuFNcBSC3d5ddemgUVpj2FGhOMULJOOTYPvLHI7vmXvDg0jCDDDHVuqetyO06dhBBtCzrjV FOrIhNEYLNujQYgRfr9CDql/Xh2OE6GBd+GOGWjLE6CsPB04mDvYuXmHOIVfIDoBGmrmjgHuYE26 pYG546xEqWA4mDsYjtOGI9Zik39kTTr5R9AFGfWPiAxVG798dWVQjwaxESNxR6zFJgX2yJr02l9G 4Q6ItNiGnnE16SclSk/BsPd0HEJYkz7cWYIWewS5MUzDCL9gMqBJH6mv9Gk4CU06KrDHYNkeDaxJ 79IgXpkG1qQfs2YpT4Cy8nTgOBVXMxyjzztYk+55kblj5DH1pAcW5g4WpQwHw8FwMBwMxwu6JGcM Ivf/SqJvPKIvuMkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

9. Converting elements

9.1. Convert applied to the text selection

Select a non-bold word in the first p .

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhYAAAAfAgMAAADGuWyhAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/rq0AAABsXkmu AAACH0lEQVR42u1XzYrbMBCeaaRD64U44H2KxeAHSEGB5lQfVGKzr9ees0tdyLGwgt2eG8hrBKIc crKMOnKcxNluN3Z7MdQOkudDI+nLfKMfYwodeHIQXaDhv4FOPD2NnkbHabAL7e8+15G97UX5L2lg +smlCpI5cfja7bJnztp5lbs/x6lIpDOoyArxFALpmnGfc0Hl3I6G/ZqBodcB37zYYaDOUjuvoznA two6/uu/FSVgXCBK9AOqRmwiP9i1zTa5Wj/oO5NZBckIppwxI9SI/vWU80AGsEdlbBI/5dKf8gmX aXAtgEkuApG0oxGCt4TBwurQVfi4+A6rIi520Qp+zmxcRHi/Ae+jOKh1FQt8en/SbiiMXotMK3iw Tznc+IALbxnifTsaqtTflIaThyzBgNFolC5YxV7r4spaUM5ZkxP99ghS6oeHs5vKDzeGPsncfKXs BBQu9dBVpWUzyN0cd3U3xJfQ/Nlgw1Ioil3Slka+BLtwk7tZS4u4EDewybNFw/6Ijs/YVZ76nd9F Gv4h7VlVlJNJUVzNKbY2Yuq0FEmsIxI1SapGEAjYWpQIiphGoYoCETMIB0vwREi5hhQbO6v8DGyA y9J8PKJ0q+wwUGDG0XY73udGvFMrO7t0dKFQr7a//VIlrwDDjkfbhU71o9M0cW96F52fbYeoWu3U qfrnM6VSNT27E9jmFAw0SNBaUvUfCP19o6fx2oLsxhf9L58Rscn4ZiV0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

Use the Edit|Convert to convert it to em (emphasis).

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAg4AAAAcAgMAAAB0VN8TAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAACDklEQVR42u1Xv4/TMBh9JvbUSPikZr+9DGFg6+BI7VYJVyT/5Z1UpLIhndGVmSDEzl4kUkGm ujKfk6akd0iXMNBD9JPsfC/+9ez32XFYhpPbFur0JOQTPAI7k/iHSVyeV+L/IhFl0h9dEuCUwDSl O6cKpWHl6WEqppUDiAZlmk35vh51xNS+ch8S6zVggGIPg8VvGzyrH81Bu2ih7QJbWUPP3pk/koMp lUJGuGCKMjmJuOJaqEmEOU/0hXoBkUiutVIry2i4odbzKU24Rn5dRCJ0xrhOZSbmSQpMkbKJUD1I BDm7BkbqW5BThnA0Nmw5yMNRsmS3yyAfqMGHgr1ZNjqx9yuEk/ygGvuBG7faOgtbfFWL4DUwSK6p Xd6DhKU1hNfEVrAgz1FemMD6jmulnMNHUxTWVq4vRo0gtK3jBjVLSwFTuF8Cd90djlbwcxWlPiMv RKSQVSPE7RCVuI+2d6KIVaNTj73kICM51r7J2kdV5Y02765MEA7etjeLQ/sOcIwOxn0f7Oo+uwdI sEOoqzrxkF5V+07J52Yf798x5u2Ne0C81U1TyCnJfnK8IhEM85mXw6hd/AluttMoTUmvykYT4wrU lzIbN0i8DLHZjIHVrXs6NFVMlDezXVzGD+jRqVjyenaXxxPuYKpD9Y43q3J2BMNeh7KYdaJ64k95 zzvml/On/Ezi7xh7DL+BPwHqO6UKjBAOzAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Remember that text selection is used not only to specify a range of characters but also a range of nodes and child elements contained in a common ancestor element. This feature is very useful when doing a conversion. For example: select text from word " paragraph " to word " XMLmind ".

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbwAAAAiCAMAAAATdZxqAAADAFBMVEUAAAD4rKj4/PgAAAh+QQDX MQAFBABAQAA0NAC9vQAQEAAICIxwcOIZGf8ICL+DCCAAcHFAGQ0BCAhNbgI64gAEIQAAKP8AiP8A Lv8AQP8QzACJ3wAW/wAIvwDcG1yEtuEQAP9AAL+gcg2USQAuIgAA/P8A4/8A//8Av/8A3QAAygAA DQAACAC8AADeAAD/AAC/AACh9wHWBAAFIgAIBKRwANsZAP8IAL8AcAAAGQCDTAEA3gBA/wABvwCM xQbWMgA0JAC9dwAQGQBACAAAzAAA/wAAvwDsBAPhQQP5MQAIQABXNAsCvQBAEAABQAAICABwcAAZ GQDsCLzecNv/Gf+/CL+1AbRfANsEAP8IJP1w3v8Z//8Iv/9CACICAHFAAA0BAAgsAMzfANv/AP+/ AL/zSADCUQAIIgBtZADG3gAN/wAAAPoAAHAAAA08hAff3gD//wC/vwARLQCRIAAFJAAAKAAAiAAA LgAAQADUQCLfrXH/FA2/CAjQNAZ+vQAbEAABCgD5mwAFBwAIAwBwAAAZAAAIAAAAdmAAGW8ACEBs TAbfAQD27ETrmtwHB/8IQL8ANAAAvQAAEAAArQAAFAC8PwMBrQAADAAiAAMAKAzQTADUCgDfqAD/ BwC/QADYuADfdQD/GQC/CAAAdgBsTC447dHsp38HBy0IQEDQNAC8KAABdgAi/wBoQADfrWD/FB8A KAQAtAgA8HAA/xkAvwiDjPwA3t1A//8Bv7+3nsW/1zIHBQRcuPDgdXb/GRlgKHz9dt0UGf8AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAABbeSGYAAACm0lEQVR42u1ai5LrIAgVpv//yXCr+MAEE7NJc5MZznSnitgajjx0 G4LjtYCAboSXgpy6F8PJc/IcTp7DyXPyHE6e43f43PdV/GxLMLrnOZw8x5/CJhVW8+1LdwmzupEx rmgo4LUXNwyrAAzj2AwypTS+b4b6UpT7JJuZsDSiGdoGp7bfFyPH0H0kXkkeLhjBoaPaFEUphn29 C8lUAI6jSSM1RmqDOERUHj81tgMVDo3fSdcq+DPPW64hP0VzQ6qbj9rym0aUppdszq9BTrLHXTM6 UmZP3Cv9QSU1smez+1WM85OT5YnicNyzt79aaiGmsYwt5og0O6ehki3TMYwUtCGr+hbTWwslRCoN 1FLMU7EqRSEpqQyIbpVEszOLtTh3a1vGOlHWjjbmzBYke0N1wUgVsOmZsPbR7JSs+um7AFZxAjci xtf22MyHWUDdZNQWNlQClr4yK3VvQZv1MHlT/oKHBgDEe1oXaiCTthJl7XGYhBIAQanB+GwCi4AJ W6s2jUZEZ+s/3BTjZWGzBRO9k8wwT/sTB0c+XtuZpxLU35LiRDmBJ/fzbNUyIaYLDumonwitx8OJ iYUKSTitzOOeID08Sxy0RMcljErtcpg50rXL7yDZ0Nw5NLtZ7jznLRhhzQ7XTNgPH76YYdDcH10Z YcCd7T7hEUfVTNWJuZ/JD0ajo+oyJHMjiG7Vg5zv8qkK2gkLWIaUqGpDS2c8dEWoFWjzuT77wdbp glXEzD7XZz9UzVSStvI0CfqnL1Ixy1Cli2fFVqUIRKpmHcWAG3/DshfFjNLwtjz33+82rcuOvQXR JzwCDCetf5q7Z4GmMtqdnvdse73vvwr+67E348aw+fDA9sK46573Yjh5Tp7DyXM4eU6ew8lzOBwG /gGHuDWZDBUtRAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Use the Edit|Convert to convert it to button .

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAb4AAAAoCAMAAAC2G28xAAADAFBMVEUAAACAhIDAwMD4AAD4/PjX MQAFBABAQAA0NAC9vQAQEAAICIxwcOIZGf8ICL+DCCAAcHFAGQ0BCAhNbgI64gAEIQAAKP8AiP8A Lv8AQP8QzACJ3wAW/wAIvwDcG1yEtuEQAP9AAL+gfQ2U3AAuBQAACP8AcP8AGf8ALAAA3gAA/wAA vwC8IADeAAD/AAC/AAChcQHW2AAFBQAIBKRwANsZAP8IAL8ACAAAcAAAGQCDTAFA/wABvwCMxQbW MgA0JAC9dwAQGQBACAAAzAAA3QDsBAPhQQP5MQAIQABXNAsCvQBAEAABQAAICABwcAAZGQDsCLze cNv/Gf+/CL+1LrRfNdsEBP9AQL8INP1wvf8ZEP8IQP9CACICAHFAAA0BAAgsAMzfANv/AP+/AL/z SADCUQAIIgBtZADG3gAN/wAAAPoAAHAAAA0AAAg8hDTf3r3//xC/v0ARLQCRIAAFJAAAKAAAiAAA LgAAQADUQCLfrXH/FA2/CAhYNCB5vQAbEAABCgD5mwAFBwAIAwBwAAAZAAAIAAAAKAgAdnAAGRkA CAhsTKzfAd327G7rmuoHBwUIQEAANDQAvb0AEBAAQEABQCwArd4AFP8ACL++PxQBrWcAFBoADAgo AMoAAKcAAAcAAEAAKLgAiHUALhkAQAgAQCwBrd7QTEzf3t3///+/v7/UCtPfqPj/BwW/QEDYuAjf dXD/GRkAKCwAdt5sTKg47a7sp/hYNDR5vb0bEBC+KBABdmcAGRoo/wgA/3AA/xkA/whoQMHfreH/ FAW/CEAAKAQAtAgA8HAAvwiDjPwA3t1A//8Bv7+3nsW/1zIHBQRcuPDgdXZgKHz9dt0UGf8AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAACLAN8uAAACvElEQVR42u1aiXLrIAwkGv3/F+spz9zCBh+x69Sd1bQTECLBu+iA xDnIg+XlGCA8VoSAwZMF9IE+COiDgD7QB3mQ3HZseD/lIAX6HgvMP4L3jUQR65D7IF+j7wW84X0Q 0PdHDw6S1RJHxBrIwnpZ+YhjubweUlqUQTSukChOyY3ppWM+V5m+RFSEc8PDUZGSCtxs5Jg0b8nX 0MczTnho3CfJa9lt211Mp40n6keDRWgcDzsskmEIjXXQeAh/o5Ue1D95cJDMpWQz25H0fGn52cJr w1/cmBMUF/CnTdM7U+Ivulj4p0Kr56/P72To5wdHSxOj0+mSv+1VSw03lWeu8Sdqk4N2TBJCDccs zgJazEc8jTehMEtusNVy4p2LkVeK0caBaMvNJ0/Aq0a8NHVLO441qmTtUdbEFwXEqbihJ4u06520 9NPkmGr64bOIummBV6LHhD5XH+CkkGYyWzfpmDjOfQOvNC/OwnuAPj7lvMMBouhBtUtlKbFtVMl6 HCwpPwIZMxrfFNDskWlr9V3YROTsXQivqvmC4FlDid1F3TAv2xNXrmB0ibSerI/1dEW9FjwvzOay Ry2nVsL2Wbj3YLxjoiUjJp5a8mlLkR3eSx3VhKc5mMYq5iPuxFYxPycxK3b3juwh6d5z34wTtUvQ khHb4cOXpUqW/ePVUUCPnXzsOh+adU3ldPCUWS7I8bnuS5buO0XbpoajlPfSKYvqiYs0DhlVsaaa 1nS446hUo9Xv2ixIa2cNncXN5HdtFmTTDOVpLVWDokUhayM8Q5MmtmXMclnIUuDtxYHbfij4fql7 bXwh0ykTb8137k3fvZbtXYPwhwn6XlE6ib/+vfs/2QyP93rfb//K/dved5hfXFk/Wm6l7w28n0wf 5Gph+B7o21cWAO3n0offuSD3QUAf6IOAPgjoA30QCOQr8h+LJTzilzu/BAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Use Edit|Undo to undo the last conversion.

9.2. Convert applied to the node selection

Converting a #text node rather than an equivalent text selection is often more convenient.

Select the #text node contained in the first cell of the table. Note that explicit node selection is needed to do that: implicit element selection selects the td not the #text inside it.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhwAAAA7AgMAAABNprtIAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAABUUlEQVR42u2ZQW4CMQxFbTIIRLuYSmXfNSuOkN6gEqnEcXqeVtwBbsBROEAhBEHS3Sz8LeEi z2Kk2Tz9JPb4jYY/ycYVTaTgkZHt8ByeY+jqaG6gY/LGyn5QfIURCgS2Ux+0+KoPp/U9z+Wt9c3U z8VSjlTKpKeeWEyphHEEcvDmJgCdeGpXwtMeyBFyLOvhLT1LIY1wQPqWaEeBMtFhIsbcCGbqdInl SHCApNG38Qd+G14JpUTkOY68ZSxFIwRkP/Iqr1rJyvShEl4+FOZLB88X8UpMzf3Zt9bc/3Uf0zsX NvCl7b7uXug5/revJ9jXE+DrpW+ZL5RyH4u7rhL6Hujbq20XywV9/WLauK8TQqkEjToNcK2FB/D1 UqcdvWPftwoE/vP1pXwtjaDg6zxHfb0QIF/HbfuBfH2kY9swweet+/pw35pI4b7uOYYLxMj/7DPk FkPEx/95EwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Used Edit|Convert to convert it to em .

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhwAAAA8AgMAAABQo4vwAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAABi0lEQVR42u2ZT2rCQBTG3+tEKNVFhGbfRVd1kyOkNygYocfpeQqeoREv4FE8QOw4kzEBoXTx vgGf8GYhceHH9/7N+wV5QzpOo8IFPyhJh/kwH/+dgioFE+O3WvJBzTMskUGB9fQHvX2NX34/b1mX l+n50eqiyUe8Qd6JiUqpShsarQw/nzWAD14d4pMjqqVbe3tBiPkByUdHFe9DNCwVcb4JGeGOjkhd HB1XTUyGk5d3FzLi4T4NkcSs9Hi71di84JDa4vfYKy2Ji9gf0nusCOM2zIu0w4Z77EQ1uwUSy4m7 5MAh/eE3P+vLqpHiw9onheVHhv1SwPtFHMnVflnQDU8I4ek7197voXkxHruqCyt40zZeNy40H/fq I9F2K+fTSUHO62FumaNK+JyJp25UKEtgbhNte2DhTgpyXh+QYZdASq4yKuToUwf3moN5HabtHLyO 03YmXk+0XctjmRQwXh9omyuU14MCxOs4befldS37BX/N7rP4sH1rvP7H3KpwYbxuPu7CByv5X/0M V8lDXvh4+OoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

Unlike Edit|Replace which creates an empty new element, Edit|Convert transfers the content of the selection to the new element which is the result of the conversion.

More precisely, in the case of the node selection:

When several nodes or a single non-element node are selected, all these nodes are given a new parent element which is the result of the conversion.

We have already seen two examples of this behavior. First one is when we ``wrapped'' a p and a ul into a blockquote . Second one is just above.

When a single element is selected, all its children (but not its attributes) are transferred to the result of the conversion.

What follows is an example of this second behavior. Here we want to ``morph'' single selected element which is an ul to an ol .

Select the first ul .

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Used Edit|Convert to convert it to an ol (ordered list).

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhMAAABBAgMAAAAWFM5iAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAD/AAAAAAAcSKmB AAABaklEQVR42u2av26DMBCH71IzFakghZfolAfo4CGZ2oEl78PzdOqQrYv7BpnyEo0UOmRqExdM FCmm9I9U/PNwJ2EJMfBh3x2fDLwkfFjSEVCoCcUQQiEUQvFDqV6ePoa896YaoDhfmBzHp6gkL35N kRBpJsr4tGDzRAMoMvei6w4X12sARfvkzOWc80QvEiryOmilnsLd9GqV0i5d6/v65RmSF8aNHx2R Q5qhauRQtnnaLs50gatUu2qG96dm2L2yQVGoc7k0OQKai6I8PCjifZcQeTluw9Bft/YQPbUS+/0D xVHmQih6sYzBL3irI/ALa6LwC4rCL5Tx/IIRfnHj+4VFeOed7xeIFeHa94sMkReF9vxiP4P4RYgQ vxAKofhnv2BE7+z5hQJQ9P0iRfjF1Hh+8YbIi6329y9gNRLf/gXEL7TvFwgK22TnpV/QyN/XxC+G +sVtyE8Tm6EVAU2FvNmFQii+D47i/4tPgV9riqKN/ecAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

This operation is valid because the ul parent, a body , accepts ul s as well as ol s at this place and because the element content of this ul is ``compatible'' with an ol .

10. Editing element attributes

Use Tools|Edit Attribute (keyboard shortcut Ctrl - E ) to edit the attributes of the selected element. This action displays and gives the keyboard focus to the Attributes tool. Alternatively, if this pane is already displayed, you can click inside it and use it right away.

Figure 2.5. The Attributes tool with the rowspan attribute of a td being edited

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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAADC+4biAAAUXElEQVR42u1d227ruBWltmLFSZy2c1AUbQeYFm0f+jJF//9Dpg9F Xw5aoDMDzOXEObEVix7dRVKUREmUdeHacXw/x87S4r4sbZKez2A27I4RQBhv7/5dfAUcxtouYeTd uwckxpl/9x4P7AuAMMXLvza8EmNIMSdhhhY1R5r4kjJSD/V92PzCtvwB99i15eX471WMuMLIxEcm d3W4eK0v7DaEY9j0lwp/r4zj84uIZIzh3XAfed4OkH2HFz2z/Ym3+UjKs8qG5JLcTjqvFY6M7Unn I4t37FkKNEl4Vy8/sVfucKzxKhxjZ3CfPXqTfaQM2B4RunVcC2OWX73UR8p5JD8ljG3C0XFCtpie kQmOysgmBgDjhJxdksHNX1jMSQmQetTmp31CRxXHlIouEFIMprwpIecshvL9FHUxsoajJgPNjlDk x/+3n36CH7Hi188epzflq35LXbAk+1V579PV18OZPhkWsSYNNnVG0l6HI399enrVELJAL7uSn8xv 8lfLd66q3KEqUjdyNw02NUa2hOun19baM/Lzn+KFyKxKXZp9kpGMzFJ1lZFpmGH7vY6SzNRDyqN4 ZQI8v6oluC4hrw15hZFZuNYWLwmSPTSSchRnA38jxaJIz7erwkhFj4y5mOWSGmsnZDKq05Ht17OG LZpXWp2RMYSNWDVSMvIVFyiF6/TB9s+vqT6St+DJ64SMpDgSFfelp7Nno1UFnI6EXF/Z6BRy3pA7 OW9tCjnO2Viutb0hYWzIwVtnwGbt0kPlI++b/k3jCyzc2Fnc+x7ZZlLXcC0jw0a4mv+zjVnY/Zar jCVvUX+mGAjbiTWeSkveHrVhRo6SquymOmfjBL8aT143nr8X3tAab4Sovds+jo0nr70uKnlKQt4S 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There are two methods for adding or changing the attributes of the (explicitly or implicitly) selected element:

Using the attribute form (the upper side of the Attributes tool).This should be the method of choice for persons who prefer to use the keyboard.

Using the attribute table (the lower side of the Attributes tool). This should be the method of choice for persons who prefer to use the mouse.

The ``minus'' button of the attribute form can be used to remove an attribute. Removing an attribute directly from the attribute table is possible too: simply right-click on the attribute row and use the displayed popup menu.

The content of the attribute table can be described as follows:

All attributes set for the selected element are displayed by the table.

All possible attributes for the selected element, even those not set , are also displayed by the table.

Attributes which have not been set are displayed in gray. Attributes which have been set are displayed in black.

Attributes are listed sorted in alphabetical order.

The names of required attributes are displayed using a bold font.

The names of fixed attributes are displayed using an italic font.

Exercise:

Select second td in the table . Set its align attribute to center .

Set its rowspan attribute to 2 .

Set its valign attribute to middle .

Add an extra td after it to make the table look more balanced.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhwAAABQAQMAAABoNT4BAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAACVklE QVR42u2Yz2sTQRTH39tdNlsJ220KNkLAPdRbD+4t4qFTEPGfEKP+A1U8CCKZNOCPi3jz2gr9A7x7 2OpBECG9eksq6CJiN7clTbq+CaGuZUpnzKYe3GFJwvDmk7f75n3ny2IKU48+8OkhngE5jAIyIwg+ fTgtIq3kkgk8kc7aOrPFZpsdpMTnEJha9CrSh7XB6AvF2hY4YIkfCyEoQ3ryaQuS0tzoQDXx63eW tu6+r96vLH5+/YAHl2s/el82Phrg7XALVSF7zxtB46B8vvWpurDzqFy1MWgwcUcOJIeKjIvff0IM 0N0+7G5fBW6Eovv4OarOvHoZehGGSCvX6Wo3oQ61cX3pCriBqnLtI0t9kma6bl7hDuwBjDhB4rWK eioJMG8CgRvgMGOyT9LH9Aeqz6TWZJ1NhF0Ou/urrSgapJ3NcCIFfh5S4OfRO+G/aUAsRCm7acdu xM89E0sreuXVh69v6+6K9Sa8pZGJC8uWedSepdvvqnbZtC8Eoc7tmKQ3eLRiH4YQh3GcgBZk/gU4 w+zEOtRdkiW96rSFlGXGM3CMsRboVid7FjgeQRyPaUHcP70IiwbRAL51rulYC//l8u+zwJY24OnW ot861rF/s+1HI4BLp8qNglPyz8QpneAeUym8lBTu8b+FkAC6qnZLxJpcAiEBNFXzEbEYSiAkgLEq RMQOpc+kDTBUvfv2yQ8WdZpNYpyN4wKoI5YZyD2NOlMsyqpDAqh8lopYlGVCArik6tlErEwstd2j P1Mp6Gqs6BbvCpRG8WKqgJwVxGo2p2b0fwHq/YwgnnVv9gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

10.1. Required attributes in newly created elements

It is important to remember that, by default, XXE automatically gives a placeholder value (" ??? ") to required attributes of newly created elements. This means that you have to replace this placeholder value by the actual one as soon as the element has been created.

Add a p after the table using Edit|Insert After and insert an img in it using Edit|Insert.

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The img has two required attributes src and alt . XXE has set those attributes to string ??? . Use the Attributes tool to give these attributes an actual value.

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For this img , we used XXE_install_dir /doc/user/tutorial/xxe.gif and XMLmind logo for alt (directory XXE_install_dir /doc/user/tutorial/ , generally C:\Program Files\XMLmind_XML_Editor\doc\user\tutorial\ , contains all the files used in this tutorial) .

The useless #text node has been removed by explicitly selecting it and using Edit|Delete.

11. Checking document validity

You cannot check the validity of a document without an associated DTD, W3C XML Schema or RELAX NG schema. When editing a document not constrained by a grammar, XXE guarantees that what you'll create will be well-formed without making any special effort.

This section, like most of this tutorial, describes the behavior of XXE when editing documents constrained by a grammar.

Checking document validity is automatically performed each time you save your document.

Unless you use Edit|Force Deletion, XXE will never allow editing commands that would make the document structurally invalid (a document where some elements have invalid child elements or attribute names).

Therefore explicitly checking document validity is rarely needed. You may have to use the Tools|Check Validity command when:

You have loaded an invalid document and you are fixing it. After each editing command, you want to know if it is fixed now.

XXE creates elements where the value of required attributes, if any, is invalid: unless configured differently, the required attributes are given ??? as a placeholder value.

After explicitly or implicitly checking document validity, its validity status is displayed at the left of the status bar.

Figure 2.6. After forcing the deletion of all the items of a list, "Untitled.html" is structurally invalid.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAATIAAAAYBAMAAACLqGwSAAAAMFBMVEXU0MgAAAD///+UkYz/AABA QECAgIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADno66KAAAB+ElEQVR42u1XUW7DIAy1m/7H 1i4w7b9Sp95kd9iOu1Xq584wYQ7QMRtoAmmytdU++CiyGmwwPNvYUGRotK2DvOxbBBaAGnUZrqDZ aAKsHnO/+9y1A+xbozm47RW292he0DIyTsUDMX0G4IUNNautzB08t3luMhVaRGfJV+2RkOFul6ch 31jgsAA4fijCmWCgWaWpgQnZA8BzFjj3H7WobvLrxDCvGJHhdn/szJIQhygQsDobORBaWFDZKEuE jCbx5g1kE6CNxnmRs1EIlI8J6kqkwTCC+CUm7YrEhXUDJsxd+xmrhrXN4ZSWHMxCdMCO1H26vhB4 hybDSEAOe++S63unMuhVx6ZA4nxioheEEvWOQCkLfMJt+0BWhbzHBNnYXHI+SfasD0pqqKtOg+DY Z7O+Cp75bhpBDcBcPCnNMwdMdDKyw2ZyADxN8RYMS9l355lZmD6sKHMXoe4jCzrxnIX9tjtKlTuD gT0Z1ZtL3cfL8oLmqstpH5Rp6qbc/AL4gKKyeTS3eNaOGAXuNaaaBtzrrzJgDOkEE/Qx6BzHExfs IKsoOlfdb8Tic0Eq4oEn90vSCWMG5Nsp4hlvp6VSC1eU2ktduVQf1zPnqKnbaalUhuXyWR+38He9 vf4VBG/DUqundt60iqwbQ/ne0Cvo/tq+AVqz/+p+AF5ipzHy+ab8AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

The Validity tool ``tab'' displays validity error messages if any.

Figure 2.7. Validity error message displayed after forcing the deletion of all the items of a list.

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The color of the message reflects the severity of the error. Clicking on the number of an error message selects the element where the validity error was found.

Tutorial: basics

Tutorial: basics

Chapter 3. Tutorial: creating a modular document

A modular document is a document which not only has its own content but which also includes elements contained in other documents.

Let's say you want to add the same copyright information at the bottom of all the XHTML pages you create. The first step is to author the copyright information in a separate document we'll call Copyright.html . The second step is to include this copyright information at the bottom of the XHTML page created during this tutorial.

1. Creating the Copyright.html document

Use File|New and this time choose XHTML|Div (part of a modular document) as the document template.

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This template is a div (a generic container) containing a p . Using Edit|Replace, replace the p by an address element and then type the copyright information. (The copyright sign © has been inserted using the Characters tool.)

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Using Edit|Insert Before, insert a hr (horizontal rule) before the address to visually separate the copyright information from the body of the XHTML page.

Using File|Save As (or File|Save which behaves like File|Save As for a new document), save this document as Copyright.html in a place where it can be shared by all the XHTML pages you'll create.

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2. Inserting a reference to Copyright.html into the XHTML page

The procedure to do this is very simple. It is similar to copying an element in a document and pasting it in another document:

Open in XXE the document containing the element you want to reference. If the document containing the element you want to reference is already opened in XXE, simply display its window.

Explicitly select the element you want to reference.

Use menu bar menu Edit (not popup menu Edit), select sub-menu Reference and choose entry Copy as Reference (shortcut Ctrl - Shift - C ). Unlike the usual Copy command which copies XML data to the clipboard, this special command copies to the clipboard a reference to an element (that is, a pointer to the element).

Now switch to the window containing the modular document.

Select the element where you want to insert the reference.

Use one of the standard Paste Before, Paste or Paste After commands to insert the reference into the modular document. As always, the Paste Before, Paste or Paste After commands are enabled only if the DTD or schema constraining the modular document allows it.

Now let's apply this procedure to our example:

The window containing Copyright.html , the document we want to reference, is already displayed. There is nothing to do in step #1.

We want to reference the whole Copyright.html , therefore we need to select its root element. For example, click on word div in the node path bar to do this.

Use Ctrl - Shift - C to copy to the clipboard a reference to the div . Notice that at the bottom of XXE window, near the "View Clipboard Content" icon, word div is displayed using a dimmed color. This means that the clipboard contains a reference rather than ordinary data.

Switch to the window containing our XHTML page, for example by clicking on the tab having " Untitled.html " as its title.

Select last p at the bottom of the page, for example by simply clicking at the right of the XMLmind logo. (There are many quick ways to select nodes using the keyboard or the mouse: they are all explained in next chapter of this user's guide: being productive with XXE [ PAGEREF being_productive 0 ] .)

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Use command Paste After (shortcut Ctrl - W ) to paste the reference to the div after selected p .

The XHTML page now looks like this.

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Notice that the copyright information inserted at the bottom of the page is displayed with a light blue-gray background. This is used to indicate that this part of the document has been included from an other document and that,consequently, it cannot be edited in this window .

Click anywhere inside the copyright information and try to type some text: no characters are inserted. (You can still delete, cut or replace the whole copyright information: it is the div which is not editable, not its parent body .)

Also notice that the node path bar displays non-editable nodes using a dimmed color.

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At the left of the node path bar, the button with a right arrow switches to the window of the included document. Try it and you'll be able to edit Copyright.html .

Once having Copyright.html in front of you, use the button at the left of the node path bar showing a left arrow to go back to the XHTML page created during this tutorial.

3. Extensive use of the "Copy as Reference" command

Let's suppose you need to write an article about taxes but you don't want to type directly in your document the values of the different VAT rates used in European countries, because you know that these VAT rates are about to change. Let's say that you already have an XML document detailing these VAT rates.

(In this tutorial, creating the VAT rates document from scratch would be tedious that's why you'll find VATrates.html in XXE_install_dir /doc/user/tutorial/ . You'll also find in this directory: Untitled.html , the XHTML page we are trying to create, Copyright.html and xxe.gif . That is, all the files used in this tutorial.)

Add a new p at the end of our XHTML page and type in it ``The VAT rate of France is higher than the VAT rate of Germany.''.

Now we need to use VATrates.html to insert the numerical values of the VAT rates in our new paragraph.

Open VATrates.html in XXE.

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Do the same for the VAT rate of Germany.

The XHTML page now looks like this.

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This has worked smoothly because:

Each table cell of VATrates.html contains a single span element rather than plain text. A span element can be inserted almost anywhere in an XHTML document.

Each span of second column is identified using an id attribute: austria_vat , belgium_vat , etc.

Now let's try to insert the whole VAT table in our XHTML page:

Switch to the window of VATrates.html .

Select the whole table, for example by clicking on word table in the node path bar.

Use Ctrl - Shift - C to copy the table as a reference.

This verbose dialog box is immediately displayed:

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Click on No. What does this mean?

Command Copy as Reference allows to copy as a reference any element, including those not having an ID.

Unless the copied reference is a reference to the root element of a document, this means that the copied reference is based on the position of the element as a child of its parent element, on the position of the parent element as a child of the grand-parent element and so on.

This is what we call a hierarchical XPointer . In the above example, it is " element(/1/2/2) ".

Pasting a reference based on a hierarchical XPointer is not safe because if you modify the referenced document, your referencing document may point to an element other than the one for which a reference has been originally pasted.

This is why XXE will warn you each time you'll try to copy a reference based on a hierarchical XPointer.

Note that you'll never get the above dialog box when you'll paste a reference to the root element of a document (example: " Copyright.html ") or when you'll paste a reference which exclusively uses an ID to locate the element (example: " element(france_vat) ") because these references are considered to be safe.

Now type this sentence at the end of last added p : ``Note that the VAT rate of France is lower than the VAT rate of Italy.'' and insert the value of the VAT rate of Italy as explained above.

Inserting the VAT rate of France in second sentence is easier because we have already pasted it in our XHTML page. In such case, there is no need to switch to the window displaying VATrates.html :

Select the span previously pasted in our XHTML page which contains the VAT rate of France. For example, implicitly select it by clicking inside it.

Ctrl - Shift - C to copy it as a reference.

Click in second sentence after ``Note that the VAT rate of France''.

Paste the copied reference using Ctrl - V .

The XHTML page finally looks like this.

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Note that instead of using Copy As Reference ( Ctrl - Shift - C ) to copy the existing reference to the France VAT found in our XHTML page, we could have used the ordinary Copy command ( Ctrl - C ). In fact, the standard Cut, Copy and Paste, Paste After, Paste Before commands all know about included elements and will take care of preserving the fact that they are references to elements contained in other documents.

For example, use Cut ( Ctrl - X ) and Paste Before ( Ctrl - U ) to move the p containing all the VAT span s before the p containing the XMLmind logo. You'll get this:

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4. Creating modular documents which are highly interchangeable with other applications

Creating modular documents in XXE should work very smoothly, without much limitations. Converting such modular documents to other formats, within XXE, using its "Convert document" menu

1 iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQBAMAAADt3eJSAAAAMFBMVEX///8AAAAAzQDNAAD///8A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACpxkS+AAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAGBJREFU eNpjYGBgEBQEEkxAzCgAZYABMwOjICMHI8cPFqASIPqEIsXwk/0D0zcmhv/vGRiMDRhYwOJ/DoDV /P8ANeezMchUiLn/PwDVKAEZDxHmAEXugY1jYfgPUsqwBwBRvxJq5QmsfQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== The "Convert document" menu is present only in XMLmind XML Editor Professional Edition.

1 , should work equally well.

Despite the fact that XXE exclusively uses standard mechanisms ( XIncludes and, to a limited extent, references to external entities ), naively creating modular documents may lead to interchange problems with third-party applications.

These problems come from two situations:

The application does not support XInclude. Example: the Saxon XSLT processor.

The application supports XInclude, but with limitations. Example: the xsltproc XSLT processor.

The workarounds are:

Situation A: no support for XInclude

Limit yourself to master documents directly referencing external entities. That is, the referenced external entities should not themselves include elements found in other external entities.

DocBook example: exclusively use the Book and "Chapter entity (no <!DOCTYPE>)" document templates

2 Documents templates are displayed by the File|New dialog box.

2 .

XHTML example: exclusively use the Page and "Div entity (no <!DOCTYPE>)" document templates.

Situation B: limited support for XInclude

Do not mix XIncludes and references to external entities. To ensure this is the case, simply never use document templates having the word " entity " in their names.

DocBook example: do not use the "Chapter entity (no <!DOCTYPE>)" document template.

XHTML example: do not use the "Div entity (no <!DOCTYPE>)" document template.

Avoid anything which, even remotely, looks like a recursive inclusion.

For example, even if this complies with the standard and is very well supported by XXE, avoid to reference in a modular document, an element contained in the modular document itself (e.g. you want the same tip to appear at different places).

In both cases, make sure that option "Entity when possible, XInclude otherwise" (Options|Preferences, Edit section, "Paste reference" frame) is checked

3 Normally this should be the case, as this is the default value for the "Type of document reference" option.

3 .

Tutorial: creating a modular document

Tutorial: creating a modular document

Chapter 4. Being productive with XXE

1. Do not use the tree view

Do not use the tree view . You can do everything efficiently in the styled view. If this is not the case, then you have missed something in the tutorial.

The tree view has been designed to allow editing documents for which a style sheet has not yet been written.

2. Quickly type plain text after a bold or italic element

Use the Insert key to insert a #text node after explicitly selected node or implicitly selected element.

This is often handy in the following situation: you have typed some text in a paragraph then inserted a strong for which you have typed text.

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Then how to quickly continue typing plain text after the strong ? The answer is: use the Insert key of your keypad.

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Also note that Shift - Insert inserts a #text node before explicitly selected node or implicitly selected element.

Mac Users

There is no Insert key on the Mac. Instead, you need to use the F1 function key.

3. Quickly insert after an element, another element of the same type

Use Ctrl - Insert to insert after explicitly or implicitly selected element, an element of the same type.

Example: you want to quickly add a section after current section. Select the section using the node path bar and type Ctrl - Insert .

Also note that Ctrl - Shift - Insert inserts before explicitly or implicitly selected element, an element of the same type.

Even quicker than previous tip, Ctrl -click in the node path bar on the name of the element you want to duplicate.

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Also note that if you Shift -click in the node path bar on the name of the element, this selects this element and then creates a new element of same type before this element.

Remembering these two tips is easy, the node path bar has a contextual menu which is displayed when you click using the right mouse button.

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Most XXE configurations (XHTML, DocBook, DITA, etc) bind keystrokes Ctrl - Enter and Ctrl - Shift - Enter to the following actions:

Ctrl - Enter pressed anywhere inside a paragraph or a list item (i.e. any commonly used, repeatable, element) inserts a new paragraph or a list item after it.

Ctrl - Shift - Enter pressed anywhere inside a paragraph or a list item inserts a new paragraph or a list item before it.

4. Use auto-completion as much as possible

When choosing an element using Edit tool, type the element name (or "(text)" to specify a text node) in the text field instead of clicking on it in the element list. This text field supports auto-completion .

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User preferences related to auto-completion can be changed using the Preferences dialog box, Edit section.

When adding an attribute to an element or when changing the value of an attribute, use the attribute form rather than the attribute table:

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Type the name of the attribute in the name field (first field of the form).

Press Enter to move to the value field (second field of the form).

Type the value of the attribute in the value field.

Press Enter to commit the change and to give the keyboard focus back to the document view.

Both the name and value fields support auto-completion. However auto-completion in the value field only works for attributes having the following types: any enumerated type, ID , IDREF , IDREFS .

This auto-completion feature can be configured using the Preferences dialog box, Edit section.

5. When possible, apply commands to node ranges

Use the keyboard to select a node range:

Esc Down Arrow (that is: type Esc , then type Down Arrow) selects all child nodes of implicitly or explicitly selected element.

Esc Right Arrow extends node selection to following sibling.

Esc Left Arrow extends node selection to preceding sibling.

Note Esc Right Arrow (and Esc Left Arrow) will first select element containing caret if there is no explicit node selection, therefore typing Esc Right Arrow several times is often the quickest way to select a node range.

6. Learn important keyboard shortcuts

Command

Keyboard shortcut

Trick to remember the keyboard shortcut

Undo

Ctrl - Z

Standard shortcut

Redo

Ctrl - Y

Standard shortcut

Repeat

Ctrl - A

A like A gain

Cut

Ctrl - X

Standard shortcut

Copy

Ctrl - C

Standard shortcut

Paste

Ctrl - V

Standard shortcut

Paste Before

Ctrl - U

Ctrl - V means Paste and U is before V

Paste After

Ctrl - W

Ctrl - V means Paste and W is after V

Delete

Ctrl - K

K like K ill

Replace

Ctrl - R

R like R eplace

Insert

Ctrl - I

I like I nsert

Insert Before

Ctrl - H ( Cmd - B on the Mac)

Ctrl - I means Insert and H is before I

Insert After

Ctrl - J

Ctrl - I means Insert and J is after I

Convert

Ctrl - T

T like T ransform

Wrap

Ctrl - Shift - T

T like T ransform (variant of Convert)

Split

Esc Enter

A paragraph-specific form of Split is often bound to the Enter keystroke

Join

Esc Backspace

A paragraph-specific form of Join is often bound to the Backspace keystroke

Search

Ctrl - F

Standard shortcut F like F ind

Replace

Ctrl - M

M like M odify

Find Next

Ctrl - G

Standard shortcut

Mac Users

Use the Cmd key instead of the Ctrl key, except for Ctrl -Tab (insert tab character) and Ctrl -Space (insert non breaking space).

Use Ctrl -button1 to emulate mouse button3.

Use Alt -button1 to emulate mouse button2.

Note that using a 2-button mouse with a scroll wheel on the Mac is not only very well supported but also highly recommended.

Tip

A quick reference card in PDF format is available in four different flavors: A4 , Letter , for the Mac/A4 , for the Mac/Letter .

Tip

Use XXE add-on manager (Options|Install Add-ons) to download and install the add-on containing a sample customize.xxe file. This customization file contains many truly useful macro-commands and their associated bindings.

7. Quickly paste selected text using mouse button #2

Use the mouse to quickly copy and paste text:

Selecting text automatically ``copies it as system selection'' on platforms supporting system selection (X-Window) and automatically copies it to an internal clipboard on other platforms.

Clicking with mouse button #2 (middle button or mouse wheel) pastes the content of system selection on platforms supporting system selection and pastes the content of an internal clipboard on other platforms.

Note that unlike Edit|Copy which copies characters as well as nodes, selecting text this way just copies characters to the system selection.

This functionality is disabled by default. To enable it, please use the Preferences dialog box, Edit section and check "Clicking with middle button pastes system selection".

8. Drop graphics files on img , imagedata , image , etc, elements

When an image is displayed in a styled document view, the simplest way to change it is to drag and drop a file on it.

When a file is dropped on an image, a pre-filled, specialized dialog box is displayed to let the user specify exactly what he wants to do with the image file.

For example, if the image file is referenced in attribute fileref of element imagedata (like in screenshot below), the user is given the choice between

copying the image to the document directory and then updating the reference to the image file in the attribute,

OR just updating the reference to the image file in the attribute.

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The same dialog box can be opened without having to drop a file on an image displayed in the document view: simply double-click on the image.

This functionality has been implemented mainly to allow users to upload images to the remote site when they edit documents stored on a FTP or WebDAV server, but this is also very handy when working on the local file system.

9. Easily select paragraphs, list items, table rows, etc, using the ``interactive gray margins''

The easiest way to select a paragraph or a table row is to use the option which adds ``interactive gray margins'' at the left and/or at the right of the document view.

By default these interactive margins are absent. To enable them, you need to use Options|Preferences, Edit section and check one or both the "Add interactive margin to the styled view" toggles. After doing this, you'll also need to reload any opened document.

Example, using interactive margins to select an ul in an XHTML document:

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Move the mouse in the gray margin found at the left and/or at the right of the document view. Here you'll notice that the cursor changes its shape. Move the cursor in front of any list item and click once. Mouse clicks in the left or in the right margin selects the ``block'' (paragraph, row, row group, table) which is in front of the click. In this case, this selects the li . Click again without moving the mouse and this will select the parent of the li : the ul . Clicking again without moving the mouse would select the parent of the ul : the body , and so on. Do not click several times too fast otherwise the editor will think you are double-clicking or triple-clicking and therefore, selecting elements that way would not work.

Note

Because this way of selecting blocks is so easy to use, it tends to ``cannibalize'' the other ways of selecting nodes, especially the implicit element selection. Therefore we do not recommend turning on this option.

10. Quickly insert ``XML variables'' in your document using the Include tool

You'll often want to put all the ``XML variables'': product names, product versions, copyright information, addresses, phone numbers, etc, you use in all your documents in a single, special purpose, document and then, paste references to these ``XML variables'' in your actual documents.

By working this way, if one day, the value of an ``XML variable'' changes, you don't need to manually update all the documents making use of this value.

In Extensive use of the "Copy as Reference" command [ PAGEREF extensive_copy_as_reference 0 ] , we have already explained that this is done by copying an element from the document containing the collection of ``XML variables'' (using Copy As Reference — Ctrl - Shift - C ) and then pasting the reference in the actual document (using Paste — Ctrl - V ).

However if you need to do that one hundred times a day, you'll quickly find very tedious switching from one document to the other. Fortunately, the Include tool has been specially designed to handle the case of ``XML variables''.

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Let's suppose you want to use the Include tool to insert in your report the VAT rate of Germany (same example as in Extensive use of the "Copy as Reference" command [ PAGEREF extensive_copy_as_reference 0 ] ). Here's what you'll have to do:

Use the iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAOAgMAAABiJsVCAAAADFBMVEX///8AAAAAAP////8mNyKu AAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAADlJREFUeNpjYAADUQcGJgZWAyABBGCCUdT192sW1gCGY2AuM8fvy3zM 3956VDIwSBXA1P0GEb8aGAAwGguGN2t2VQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== button to specify once for all the filename or URL of the document containing your collection of ``XML variables''. In the above screenshot, this document is VATrates.html .

Use Edit|Reference|Insert Reference ( Ctrl - Shift - R ) to display the Include tool.

Type the ID of the element for which you want to insert a reference. Typing the first few letters is generally sufficient as the "Element having ID" text field supports auto-completion.

Press Enter .

That's it. You have inserted a reference to the span element containing the VAT rate of Germany.

Use the right tool for the right job

For example, do not attempt to use the Include tool to compose a modular book. Inserting references to the chapters in the modular book is best achieved by using the Copy As Reference/Paste ( Ctrl - Shift - C / Ctrl - V ) approach described in the tutorial.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQBAMAAADt3eJSAAAAMFBMVEX///8AAAAAzQDNAAD///8A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACpxkS+AAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAGBJREFU eNpjYGBgEBQEEkxAzCgAZYABMwOjICMHI8cPFqASIPqEIsXwk/0D0zcmhv/vGRiMDRhYwOJ/DoDV /P8ANeezMchUiLn/PwDVKAEZDxHmAEXugY1jYfgPUsqwBwBRvxJq5QmsfQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== The Include tool is present only in XMLmind XML Editor Professional Edition.

Being productive with XXE

Being productive with XXE