PMake -- A Tutorial
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# 2.8. Summary

A makefile is made of four types of lines:

- Dependency lines

- Creation commands

- Variable assignments

- Comments, include statements and conditional directives

A dependency line is a list of one or more targets, an operator (`:`, `::`, or `!`), and a list of zero or more sources. Sources may contain wildcards and certain local variables.

A creation command is a regular shell command preceded by a tab. In addition, if the first two characters after the tab (and other whitespace) are a combination of `@` or `-`, PMake will cause the command to not be printed (if the character is `@`) or errors from it to be ignored (if `-`). A blank line, dependency line or variable assignment terminates a creation script. There may be only one creation script for each target with a `:` or `!` operator.

Variables are places to store text. They may be unconditionally assigned-to using the `=` operator, appended-to using the `+=` operator, conditionally (if the variable is undefined) assigned-to with the `?=` operator, and assigned-to with variable expansion with the `:=` operator. The output of a shell command may be assigned to a variable using the `!=` operator. Variables may be expanded (their value inserted) by enclosing their name in parentheses or curly braces, preceded by a dollar sign. A dollar sign may be escaped with another dollar sign. Variables are not expanded if PMake does not know about them. There are seven local variables: `.TARGET`, `.ALLSRC`, `.OODATE`, `.PREFIX`, `.IMPSRC`, `.ARCHIVE`, and `.MEMBER`. Four of them (`.TARGET`, `.PREFIX`, `.ARCHIVE`, and `.MEMBER`) may be used to specify “dynamic sources”. Variables are good. Know them. Love them. Live them.

Debugging of makefiles is best accomplished using the `-n`, `-d m`, and `-p 2` flags.

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