  Integration of Check Point VPN-1(R)/Firewall-1(R) and FreeBSD IPsec

  Jon Orbeton

   <jono@securityreports.com>

  Matt Hite

   <mhite@hotmail.com>

   Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 Jon Orbeton

   $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/checkpoint/article.sgml,v
   1.23 2006/02/20 20:57:13 jcamou Exp $

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     Important: THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD
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   FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.

   Check Point, Firewall-1, and VPN-1 are trademarks of Check Point
   Software Technologies Ltd.

   Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to
   distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those
   designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was
   aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
   by the "(TM)" or the "(R)" symbol.

   This document explains how to configure a VPN tunnel between
   FreeBSD and Check Point's VPN-1(R)/ Firewall-1(R). Other documents
   provide similar information, but do not contain instructions
   specific to VPN-1/Firewall-1 and its integration with FreeBSD.
   These documents are listed at the conclusion of this paper for
   further reference.

     --------------------------------------------------------------

1 Prerequisites

   The following is a diagram of the machines and networks referenced
   in this document.

 External Interface                    External Interface
            208.229.100.6                    216.218.197.2
                        |                    |
          +--> Firewall-1 <--> Internet <--> FreeBSD GW <--+
          |                                                |
 FW-1 Protected Nets                              Internal Nets
 199.208.192.0/24                               192.168.10.0/24

   The FreeBSD gateway GW serves as a firewall and NAT device for
   "internal nets."

   The FreeBSD kernel must be compiled to support IPsec. Use the
   following kernel options to enable IPsec support in your kernel:

 options         IPSEC
 options         IPSEC_ESP
 options         IPSEC_DEBUG

   For instructions on building a custom kernel, refer to the FreeBSD
   handbook. Please note that IP protocol 50 (ESP) and UDP port 500
   must be open between the Firewall-1 host and the FreeBSD GW.

   Also, racoon must be installed to support key exchange. Racoon is
   part of the FreeBSD ports collection in security/racoon. The
   racoon configuration file will be covered later in this document.

     --------------------------------------------------------------

2 Firewall-1 Network Object Configuration

   Begin by configuring the Firewall-1 Policy. Open the Policy Editor
   on the Firewall-1 Management server and create a new "Workstation"
   Network Object representing FreeBSD GW.

 General Tab:
                 Set name and IP address

 VPN Tab:
                 Encryption Schemes Defined:             IKE               ---> Edit

 IKE Properties:
                 Key Negotiation Encryption Methods:     3DES

 Authentication Method:
                 Pre-Shared Secret ---> Edit

   Select the Firewall Object and set a pre-shared secret. (Do not
   use our example.)

 Support Aggressive Mode:                 Checked
 Supports Subnets:                      Checked

   After setting the pre-shared secret in the Firewall-1 Network
   Object definition, place this secret in the
   /usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt file on FreeBSD GW. The format for
   psk.txt is:

 208.229.100.6          rUac0wtoo?

     --------------------------------------------------------------

3 Firewall-1 VPN Rule Configuration

   Next, create a Firewall-1 rule enabling encryption between the
   FreeBSD GW and the Firewall-1 protected network. In this rule, the
   network services permitted through the VPN must be defined.

 Source            | Destination        | Service      | Action  | Track
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FreeBSD GW        | FW-1 Protected Net | VPN services | Encrypt | Long
 FW-1 Protected Net| FreeBSD GW         |              |         |

   "VPN services" are any services (i.e. telnet, SSH, NTP, etc.)
   which remote hosts are permitted to access through the VPN. Use
   caution when permitting services; hosts connecting through a VPN
   still represent a potential security risk. Encrypting the traffic
   between the two networks offers little protection if a host on
   either side of the tunnel has been compromised.

   Once the rule specifying data encryption between the FreeBSD GW
   and the Firewall-1 protected network has been configured, review
   the "Action Encrypt" settings.

 Encryption Schemes Defined:     IKE ---> Edit
 Transform:                      Encryption + Data Integrity (ESP)
 Encryption Algorithm:           3DES
 Data Integrity:                 MD5
 Allowed Peer Gateway:           Any or Firewall Object
 Use Perfect Forward Secrecy:    Checked

   The use of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is optional. Enabling PFS
   will add another layer of encryption security, but does come at
   the cost of increased CPU overhead. If PFS is not used, uncheck
   the box above and comment out the pfs_group 1 line in the
   racoon.conf file on FreeBSD GW. An example racoon.conf file is
   provided later in this document.

     --------------------------------------------------------------

4 FreeBSD VPN Policy Configuration

   At this point, the VPN policy on FreeBSD GW must be defined. The
   setkey(8) tool performs this function.

   Below is an example shell script which will flush setkey(8) and
   add your VPN policy rules.

 #
 # /etc/vpn1-ipsec.sh
 #
 # IP addresses
 #
 #     External Interface                    External Interface
 #       208.229.100.6                       216.218.197.2
 #                   |                       |
 #        +--> Firewall-1 <--> Internet <--> FreeBSD GW <--+
 #        |                                                |
 # FW-1 Protected Nets                              Internal Nets
 #    199.208.192.0/24                                  192.168.10.0/24
 #
 # Flush the policy
 #
 setkey -FP
 setkey -F
 #
 # Configure the Policy
 #
 setkey -c << END
 spdadd 216.218.197.2/32 199.208.192.0/24 any -P out ipsec
 esp/tunnel/216.218.197.2-208.229.100.6/require;
 spdadd 199.208.192.0/24 216.218.197.2/32 any -P in ipsec
 esp/tunnel/208.229.100.6-216.218.197.2/require;
 END
 #

   Execute the setkey(8) commands:

 # sh /etc/vpn1-ipsec.sh

     --------------------------------------------------------------

5 FreeBSD Racoon Configuration

   To facilitate the negotiation of IPsec keys on the FreeBSD GW, the
   security/racoon port must be installed and configured.

   The following is a racoon configuration file suitable for use with
   the examples outlined in this document. Please make sure you fully
   understand this file before using it in a production environment.

 # racoon.conf for use with Check Point VPN-1/Firewall-1
 #
 # search this file for pre_shared_key with various ID key.
 #
         path pre_shared_key "/usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt" ;
         log debug;
 #
 # "padding" defines some parameter of padding.  You should not touch these.
 #
         padding
       {
         maximum_length 20;      # maximum padding length.
         randomize off;          # enable randomize length.
         strict_check off;       # enable strict check.
         exclusive_tail off;     # extract last one octet.
       }

         listen
       {
         #isakmp ::1 [7000];
         #isakmp 0.0.0.0 [500];
         #admin [7002];          # administrative port by kmpstat.
         #strict_address;        # required all addresses must be bound.
       }
 #
 # Specification of default various timers.
 #
         timer
       {
 #
 # These values can be changed per remote node.
 #
         counter 5;              # maximum trying count to send.
         interval 20 sec;        # maximum interval to resend.
         persend 1;              # the number of packets per a send.
 #
 # timer for waiting to complete each phase.
 #
         phase1 30 sec;
         phase2 15 sec;
       }

         remote anonymous
       {
         exchange_mode aggressive,main; # For Firewall-1 Aggressive mode

         #my_identifier address;
         #my_identifier user_fqdn "";
         #my_identifier address "";
         #peers_identifier address "";
         #certificate_type x509 "" "";

         nonce_size 16;
         lifetime time 10 min;   # sec,min,hour
         lifetime byte 5 MB;     # B,KB,GB
         initial_contact on;
         support_mip6 on;
         proposal_check obey;    # obey, strict or claim

         proposal {
                 encryption_algorithm 3des;
                 hash_algorithm md5;
                 authentication_method pre_shared_key;
                 dh_group 2 ;
         }
       }

         sainfo anonymous
       {
         pfs_group 1;
         lifetime time 10 min;
         lifetime byte 50000 KB;
         encryption_algorithm 3des;
         authentication_algorithm hmac_md5;
         compression_algorithm deflate ;
       }

   Ensure that the /usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt file contains the
   pre-shared secret configured in the "Firewall-1 Network Object
   Configuration" section of this document and has mode 600
   permissions.

 # chmod 600 /usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt

     --------------------------------------------------------------

6 Starting the VPN

   You are now ready to launch racoon and test the VPN tunnel. For
   debugging purposes, open the Firewall-1 Log Viewer and define a
   log filter to isolate entries pertaining to FreeBSD GW. You may
   also find it helpful to tail(1) the racoon log:

 # tail -f /var/log/racoon.log

   Start racoon using the following command:

 # /usr/local/sbin/racoon -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf

   Once racoon has been launched, telnet(1) to a host on the
   Firewall-1 protected network.

 # telnet -s 192.168.10.3 199.208.192.66 22

   This command attempts to connect to the ssh(1) port on
   199.208.192.66, a machine in the Firewall-1 protected network. The
   -s switch indicates the source interface of the outbound
   connection. This is particularly important when running NAT and
   IPFW on FreeBSD GW. Using -s and specifying an explicit source
   address prevents NAT from mangling the packet prior to tunneling.

   A successful racoon key exchange will output the following to the
   racoon.log log file:

 pfkey UPDATE succeeded: ESP/Tunnel 216.218.197.2->208.229.100.6
 pk_recvupdate(): IPSec-SA established: ESP/Tunnel 216.218.197.2->208.229.100.6
 get pfkey ADD message IPsec-SA established: ESP/Tunnel 208.229.100.6->216.218.197.2

   Once key exchange completes (which takes a few seconds), an ssh(1)
   banner will appear. If all went well, two "Key Install" messages
   will be logged in the Firewall-1 Log Viewer.

 Action      |  Source        |  Dest.             | Info.
 Key Install |  216.218.197.2 |  208.229.100.6     | IKE Log: Phase 1 (aggressive) completion.
 Key Install |  216.218.197.2 |  208.229.100.6     | scheme: IKE methods

   Under the information column, the full log detail will read:

 IKE Log: Phase 1 (aggressive) completion. 3DES/MD5/Pre shared secrets Negotiation Id:
 scheme: IKE methods: Combined ESP: 3DES + MD5 + PFS (phase 2 completion) for host:

     --------------------------------------------------------------

7 References

     * The FreeBSD Handbook: VPN over IPsec.
       http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ipsec.html

     * KAME Project. http://www.kame.net

     --------------------------------------------------------------

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